scholarly journals Physiological Differences Between Advanced Crossfit Athletes, Recreational Crossfit Participants, and Physically-Active Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
Matthew T. Stratton ◽  
Christian G. Almeda ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Tiffany A. Esmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physiological Differences

ABSTRACTThis investigation examined anthropometric, hormonal, and physiological differences between advanced (ADV; n = 8, 27.8 ± 4.2 years, 170 ± 11 cm, 79.8 ± 13.3 kg) and recreational (REC; n = 8, 33.5 ± 8.1 years, 172 ± 14 cm, 76.3 ± 19.5 kg) CrossFit (CF) trained participants in comparison to physically-active controls (CON; n = 7, 27.5 ± 6.7 years, 171 ± 14 cm, 74.5 ± 14.3 kg). ADV and REC were distinguished by their past competitive success. REC and CON were resistance-trained (>2 years) and exercised on 3-5 days·wk-1 for the past year, but CON utilized traditional resistance and cardiovascular exercise. All participants provided a fasted, resting blood sample and completed assessments of resting metabolic rate, body composition, muscle morphology, isometric mid-thigh pull strength, peak aerobic capacity, and a 3-minute maximal cycle ergometer sprint across two separate occasions (separated by 3-7 days). Blood samples were analyzed for testosterone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1. One-way analysis of variance revealed ADV to possess lower body fat percentage (6.7-8.3%, p = 0.007), greater bone and non-bone lean mass (12.5-26.8%, p ≤ 0.028), muscle morphology characteristics (14.2-59.9%, p < 0.05), isometric strength characteristics (15.4-41.8%, p < 0.05), peak aerobic capacity (18.8-19.1%, p = 0.002), and anaerobic performance (15.4-51.1%, p ≤ 0.023) compared to both REC and CON. No differences were seen between REC and CON, or between all groups for resting metabolic rate or hormone concentrations. These data suggest ADV possess several physiological advantages over REC and CON, whereas similar physiological characteristics were present in individuals who have been regularly participating in either CF or resistance and cardiovascular training for the past year.

Multiple Sclerosis: Treadmill Versus Cycle Ergometry Maximal Exercise Test Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Garett Griffith ◽  
Badeia Saed ◽  
Tracy Baynard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complete Test ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Predicted Values

ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system. MS generally results in decreased mobility and work capacity. Our objective was to determine exercise testing responses on both a treadmill and cycle ergometer among individuals with MS who were able to ambulate freely. Methods: Twenty-six individuals with MS participated in a cross-sectional study (44 ± 11 years; body mass index 26.8 ± 6.2 kg·m−2; expanded disability scale score 3.1 ± 0.9), with 24 individuals with complete test data for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests were measured with indirect calorimetry. Results: Participants safely completed both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests, and treadmill testing yielded higher values (26.7 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) compared with cycle ergometry (23.7 ± 5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1), with values ~12% greater for treadmill. When comparing tests to their respected predicted values within modality, treadmill tests were 8% lower and cycle ergometry tests were 10% lower than predicted. Conclusions: While peak aerobic capacity was very low for this population, treadmill tests were still higher than cycle ergometry data, with this difference between modes being similar to that observed in healthy adult populations. Additional research is required to determine if these findings are impacted by participation in physical activity or regular exercise.

The Effects of a 20-Week Exercise Training Program on Resting Metabolic Rate in Previously Sedentary, Moderately Obese Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Byrne ◽  
Jack H. Wilmore
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Resistance Training Program

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in moderately obese women. It was hypothesized that exercise training would increase resting metabolic rate. Nineteen previously sedentary, moderately obese women (age = 38.0 ± 0.9 years, percent body fat = 37.5 ± 0.8) trained for 20 weeks using either resistance training (RT) or a combination of resistance training arid walking (RT/W). The high intensity resistance training program was designed to increase strength and fat-free mass and the walking program to increase aerobic capacity. There was also a non-exercising control group (C) of 9 subjects in this study. Fat-free mass was significantly increased in both the RT (+1.90 kg) and RT/W (+1.90 kg) groups as a result of the training program. No group showed significant changes in fat mass or relative body fat from pre- to post-training. Aerobic capacity was slightly, though significantly, increased in the RT/W group only. The RT group showed a significant increase (+44 kcal · day−1), while the RT/W group showed a significant decrease (-53 kcal · day−1) in resting metabolic rate post-training. RT can potentiate an increase in RMR through an increase in fat-free mass, and the decrease in RMR in the RT/W group may have been a result of heat acclimation from the walk training.

Effect of age and aerobic capacity on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in healthy men

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Sheri E. Leiter ◽  
Larry S. Verity ◽  
Pamela L. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Thermic Effect

Influence of aerobic capacity, body composition, and thyroid hormones on the age-related decline in resting metabolic rate

Metabolism ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Poehlman ◽  
E.M. Berke ◽  
J.R. Joseph ◽  
A.W. Gardner ◽  
S.M. Katzman-Rooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Impact Resting Metabolic Rate, Body Composition and Strength in Vitamin D Sufficient Physically Active Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3111
Author(s):  
Karina Romeu Montenegro ◽  
Vinicius Cruzat ◽  
Hilton Melder ◽  
Angela Jacques ◽  
Philip Newsholme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Active Adults

Supplementation with the most efficient form of Vitamin D (VitD3) results in improvements in energy metabolism, muscle mass and strength in VitD deficient individuals. Whether similar outcomes occur in VitD sufficient individuals’ remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of VitD3 supplementation on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and strength in VitD sufficient physically active young adults. Participants completed pre-supplementation testing before being matched for sunlight exposure and randomly allocated in a counterbalanced manner to the VitD3 or placebo group. Following 12 weeks of 50 IU/kg body-mass VitD3 supplementation, participants repeated the pre-supplementation testing. Thirty-one adults completed the study (19 females and 12 males; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 26.6 ± 4.9 years; BMI = 24.2 ± 4.1 kg·m2). The VitD group increased serum total 25(OH)D by 30 nmol/L while the placebo group decreased total serum concentration by 21 nmol/L, reaching 123 (51) and 53 (42.2) nmol/L, respectively. There were no significant changes in muscle strength or power, resting metabolic rate and body composition over the 12-week period. Physically active young adults that are VitD sufficient have demonstrated that no additional physiological effects of achieving supraphysiological serum total 25(OH)D concentrations after VitD3 supplementation.

ELEVATED RESTING METABOLIC RATE IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN201

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
R. E. Van Pelt ◽  
P. P. Jones ◽  
E. T. Stevenson ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Physically Active
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