Differential stromal reprogramming in benign and malignant naturally occurring canine mammary tumours identifies disease-promoting stromal components

AbstractThe importance of cancer-associated stroma (CAS) for initiation and progression of cancer is well accepted. However, as stromal changes in benign forms of naturally occurring tumours are poorly understood, it remains unclear how CAS from benign and malignant tumours compare. Spontaneous canine mammary tumours are viewed as excellent models of human mammary carcinomas (mCA). We have recently reported highly conserved stromal reprogramming between canine and human mCA based on transcriptome analysis of laser-capture-microdissected FFPE specimen. To identify stromal changes between benign and malignant mammary tumours, we have analysed CAS and matched normal stroma from 13 canine mammary adenomas and compared them to 15 canine mCA. Our analyses revealed distinct stromal reprogramming even in small benign tumours. While similarities in stromal reprogramming exist, the CAS signature clearly distinguished adenomas from mCA, suggesting that it may reliably discriminate between benign and malignant tumours. We identified strongly discriminatory genes and found strong differential enrichment in several hallmark signalling pathways between benign and malignant CAS. The distinction between CAS from adenoma and mCA was further substantiated by differential abundance in cellular composition. Finally, to determine key players in CAS reprograming between adenomas and mCA, a network-based gene screening method identified modules of co-expressing genes with distinct expression profile in benign and malignant CAS, and revealed several hub genes as potential molecular drivers in CAS. Given the relevance of canine CAS as a model for the human disease, our approach identifies potential stromal drivers of tumour malignancy with implications for human mCA.Summary statementRNAsequencing-based analysis of stromal reprogramming between benign and malignant naturally occurring canine mammary tumours identifies potential molecular drivers in cancer-associated stroma that support tumour growth and malignancy.

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Extensive phylogenies of human development reveal variable embryonic patterns

10.1101/2020.11.25.397828 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tim H. H. Coorens ◽

Luiza Moore ◽

Philip S. Robinson ◽

Rashesh Sanghvi ◽

Joseph Christopher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Progenitor Cell ◽

Spatial Effect ◽

Lineage Tracing ◽

Substantial Variation ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Adult Body ◽

Laser Capture ◽

Laser Capture Microdissected

ABSTRACTStarting from the zygote, all cells in the developing and adult human body continuously acquire mutations. A mutation shared between two different cells implies a shared progenitor cell and can thus be used as a naturally occurring marker for lineage tracing. Here, we reconstruct extensive phylogenies of normal tissues from three adult individuals using whole-genome sequencing of 511 laser capture microdissected samples from multiple organs. Early embryonic progenitor cells inferred from the phylogenies often contribute in different proportions to the adult body and the extent of this asymmetry is variable between individuals, with ratios between the first two reconstructed cells ranging from 56:44 to 92:8. Asymmetries also pervade subsequent cell generations and can differ between tissues in the same individual. The phylogenies also resolve the spatial embryonic origins and patterning of tissues, revealing a spatial effect in the development of the human brain. Supplemented by data on eleven men, we timed the split between soma and germline, with the earliest observed segregation occurring at the first cell divisions. This research demonstrates that, despite reaching the same ultimate tissue patterns, early bottlenecks and lineage commitments lead to substantial variation in embryonic patterns both within and between individuals.

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Expression of multidrug resistance membrane transporter (Pgp) and p53 protein in canine mammary tumours

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.2014.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 194-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zsófia Koltai ◽

Péter Vajdovich

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

P53 Protein ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

P Glycoprotein ◽

Mammary Tumours ◽

Tumour Suppressor Protein ◽

Expression Rate ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Benign Tumours ◽

Mouse Antibody

The aim of this study was to determine the expression rate of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a multidrug resistance marker and the p53 tumour-suppressor protein in canine mammary tumours. A total of 30 tumours were examined in parallel to patient history. The tumours were allotted to four groups: tubulopapillar carcinomas, complex carcinomas, benign tumours, and other malignant tumours. A monoclonal mouse antibody (C494) was used for the immunohistochemical evaluation of Pgp and a polyclonal rabbit antibody for p53. We found that the intact ductal epithelium and connective tissue showed pronounced Pgp expression. The most intensive staining was detected in tubulopapillar carcinomas for both Pgp and p53. The expression rate of Pgp and p53 differed significantly between tubulopapillar carcinoma and complex carcinoma, and between tubulopapillar carcinoma and benign mammary tumour, respectively. The expressions of Pgp and p53 highly correlated statistically; therefore, both can determine malignancy in a similar manner. In the case of tubulopapillar carcinomas, more relapsed tumours occurred than in relation to complex carcinomas and other malignant tumours. Pgp expression rate was proportional to the probability of the tumour becoming recidivant postoperatively, as well. These results suggest that routine evaluation of Pgp expression in canine mammary tumours may be prognostically helpful.

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Immunohistochemical study of IGF-I and IGF-II expression in canine mammary tumours: Prognostic and diagnostic role

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2020.00044 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ozlem Ozmen

Keyword(s):

Normal Breast ◽

Human Breast ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Mammary Tumours ◽

Igf I ◽

Diagnostic Role ◽

Benign Tumours ◽

Breast Tissues ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factors

AbstractMammary tumours are among the most common tumours in dogs and are of interest due to their similarities to human breast tumours. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are considered important in cell growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours. In this study, 10 benign and 10 malignant mammary tumours from the archives of the Department of Pathology were used, and five normal breast tissues were used as controls. It was observed that the expression of IGF-I and IGF-II was low to absent in benign tumours and increased in malignant tumours. The expression of IGF-II was higher than that of IGF-I. This study showed that IGF-I and IGF-II can be used as criteria for malignancy in canine mammary tumours. The results also indicate that IGF-I and IGF-II may be used as early diagnostic markers, and their inhibition may be used for the treatment of canine and human mammary tumours in the future.

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Patient Survival Periods and Death Causes Following Surgical Treatment of Mammary Gland Tumours Depending on Histological Type of Tumour: Retrospective Study of 221 Cases

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201079020289 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jana Lorenzová ◽

Michal Crha ◽

Helga Kecová ◽

Lucie Urbanová ◽

Renata Stavinohová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Mammary Tumour ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Histological Subtypes ◽

Tubular Carcinoma ◽

Mammary Tumours ◽

Tumour Group ◽

Benign Tumours ◽

Death Causes

This retrospective study evaluated a canine patient group operated on for mammary neoplasms (221 females). After surgical treatment, the animals were divided based on histological findings into groups and subgroups according to the WHO system. In the individual groups and subgroups the length of their survival following a mammary tumour surgery and death causes were followed. Of their total number, 164 tumours were malignant, 39 were benign and 18 were mammary hyperplasias. With regard to malignant tumours, invasive tubular carcinoma (20.81%) was identified most frequently; fibroadenoma reached the highest occurrence (10.41%) as regards benign tumours. The length of survival in females with malignant tumours ranged from 12 to 37.4 months, depending on histological subtypes. In females with benign mammary neoplasms the length of survival ranged from 39.1 to 59.3 months and in animals with hyperplasia it was 50.2 months. As a result of mammary tumour, 41 females (25%) died in the malignant tumour group, none died in the benign tumour group and 2 females (11.1%) died in the hyperplasia group. The survival periods in surgically treated patients with mammary tumours were shorter for solid and complex carcinomas, compared to patients affected with the remainder of the histological subtypes. The longest survival period following operation was recorded in the group suffering from adenoma. The least favourable illness prognosis for patients with mammary tumours in respect to linking the death cause to the mammary tumour was for those having invasive papillary carcinoma. The most favourable illness prognosis was for patients with benign tumours and non-invasive tubular carcinoma. A frequent death cause in females with mammary tumours was another illness unrelated to mammary tumours.

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Naturally occurring antibodies reacting with lipoic acid: screening method, characterization and biochemical interest

Journal of Immunological Methods ◽

10.1016/0022-1759(94)90234-8 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 171 (1) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stéphane Legastelois ◽

Vincent Thomas ◽

Gerard Quash ◽

Marie-Pierre Métais ◽

Jacques Tebib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipoic Acid ◽

Screening Method ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Naturally Occurring Antibodies

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HISTOPATHOLOGICALANALYSIS OF TUMOURS AND TUMOUR-LIKE LESIONS OF COLON AND RECTUM

10.36106/ijsr/2538967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Durga Nand Jha ◽

Hari Shankar Mishra ◽

Ajit Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Malignant Tumour ◽

Juvenile Polyp ◽

Tubular Adenoma ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Colorectal Biopsies ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Benign Tumours

Background:Tumours and tumour like lesions of the colon and rectum have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difcult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone. Histopathological examination although helpful to arrive at correct diagnosis, at times may be difcult and may require ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study enrolled 125 cases of colorectal biopsies after histopathological conrmation of tumours and tumour like lesions. The specimens were received at the Department of Pathology, DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: Out of 125 cases, 32 cases were benign tumours, 36 cases were malignant tumours and 57 cases were tumour like lesions. Most common age range was 51-60 years with mean age of 38 years. Males comprised 76.74% and females 23.26% with ratio of 3:1. Juvenile polyp was the commonest lesion. Among benign tumours, tubular adenoma was the most common (19.2%), adenocarcinoma was most common malignant tumour (25.6%) and juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion (27.2%). Left side was most common side (66.67%) and rectum was the most common site (48.8%). Conclusions: The commonest indications for colorectal biopsies were tumours and tumour like lesions. Juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion, tubular adenoma was the most common benign tumour and adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Histopathological examination is a gold standard for conrmation of all tumour and tumours like lesions of colon and rectum.

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Urokinase plasminogen activator expression in canine malignant mammary tumours by immunohistochemical study

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/bvip-2013-0100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 587-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hannaneh Golshahi ◽

Abbas Tavasoly ◽

Annahita Rezaie ◽

Mohammad Farhadi

Keyword(s):

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Histological Grade ◽

Mesenchymal Cell ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ◽

Myoepithelial Cells ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Mammary Tumours ◽

Benign Tumours

Abstract Immunohistochemical expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was studied in 37 canine malignant mammary tumours to define the relationship between their histopathological type and grade. In 29 (78.4%) cases, expression of uPA by neoplastic cells was more than 10% and in 34 samples (91.9%) uPA expression by stromal cells (fibroblasts) was more than 10%. The uPA was expressed in epithelial and myoepithelial cells of carcinomas and carcinosarcomas and mesenchymal population of carcinosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and carcinomas arising in benign tumours. The intensity and percentage of expression of uPA by stromal cells was associated with their histological grade (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was detected between uPA expression by neoplastic cells (epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal cell) and histological grade. Increased expression of uPA by tumour stroma was associated with poor prognostic factors. Stromal expression of uPA could be a prognostic indicator for canine mammary tumours.

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PAROTID SWELLING IN CHILDREN

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.01.2970 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 38-43

Author(s):

ABID HAMEED SHEIKH ◽

EHSAN UL HAQ ◽

MUHAMMAD ZULFIQAR ANJUM ◽

Gulzar Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Case Series ◽

Cystic Hygroma ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Paediatric Surgery ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Parotid Region ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Parotid Swelling ◽

Benign Tumours

Objective: To describe the clinical and pathological presentation as well as treatment options of parotid swelling inchildren. D e s i g n : Descriptive case series study. S e t t i n g : Department of Paediatric Surgery Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Period:From Nov2005 to Jul2007. Material a n d m e t h o d : All patients of either sex below the age of 13 years presenting with parotid swelling wereincluded in the study. Clinical presentations, preoperative investigations, operative procedures, histopathology reports, postoperativecomplications and further management (radiotherapy &chemotherapy) were recorded. Results: Twelve patients presented with parotidswelling. Commonest presentation was a lump over the parotid region (100%) & pain (25%). Majority of tumours were benign (50%).Vascular lesions outnumbered solid tumours. 4 patients (33.33%) had haemangioma 1 patient (8.33%) had cystic hygroma, one patienteach of pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma. C o n c l u s i o n : Salivary gland lesions are most likelyinflammatory in origin. Vascular tumours are common benign tumours than epithelial tumours in children. Superficial parotidectomy is theoperation for benign tumours and total conservative parotidectomy for malignant tumours.

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Cytohistopathological Study of Salivary Gland Lesions in Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

Pathology Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/804265 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anita Omhare ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Singh ◽

Jitendra Singh Nigam ◽

Ankit Sharma

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Low Cost ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

High Specificity ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Benign Tumours

Background. FNAC is a useful method for evaluating suspicious salivary glands lesions due to its low cost, minimum morbidity, rapid turnaround time, high specificity, and sensitivity. Aim. To know the frequency of the salivary gland lesions and cytohistological correlation in the Jhansi region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and Methods. In present study 124 cases were included and cytohistological correlation was made in 86 cases only. FNA was performed by using a 23/24-gauge needle without local anaesthesia. Air dried and 95% ethyl alcohol fixed wet smears were stained with Giemsa stain and Papanicolaou stain, respectively. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Results. Parotid gland was the most commonly involved salivary gland. The commonest age group was 20 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, and 60 to 69 years for nonneoplastic lesions, benign tumours, and malignant tumours, respectively. The overall male to female ratio was 1.17 : 1. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 100%, 93.3%, and 88.2% for nonneoplastic lesions, benign tumours, and malignant tumours, respectively. Conclusion. The high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FNAC confirm that preoperative cytology is a useful, quick, reliable diagnostic technique for rapid diagnosis and suitable for developing countries.

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