scholarly journals Dementia is Associated with a Syndrome of Global Neuropsychiatric Disturbance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Royall ◽  
Raymond F. Palmer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Behavioral Constructs

AbstractObjectiveGlobal factors have been identified in measures of cognitive performance (i.e., Spearman’s g) and psychopathology (i.e., “General Psychopathology”, “p”). Dementia is also strongly determined by the latent phenotype “δ”, derived from g. We wondered if the Behavior and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) might arise from an association between δ and p.Methodsδ and p were constructed by confirmatory factor analyses in data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). δ and orthogonal factors representing “domain-specific” variance in memory (MEM) and executive function (EF) were regressed onto p and orthogonal factors representing “domain-specific” variance in positive (+) and negative (-) symptoms rated by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Questionnaire (NPI-Q) by multiple regression in a structural equation model (SAM) framework.ResultsModel fit was excellent (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.03). δ was strongly associated with p, (+) and (-) and strongly associated with p (r = −0.57, p<0.001). All three associations were inverse (adverse). Independently of δ, MEM was uniquely associated with (+), while ECF was associated with (-). Both associations were moderately strong. ECF was also weakly associated with p.ConclusionsDementia severity (δ) derived from general intelligence (g) is specifically associated with general psychopathology (p). This is p’s first demonstration in an elderly sample and the first to distinguish the global behavioral and psychological symptoms specific to dementia (BPSSD) from behavioral disturbances arising by way of non-dementing, albeit likely disease-specific, processes affecting domain-specific cognitive and behavioral constructs. Our findings call into question the utility of proposed regional interventions in BPSSD, and point to the need to explore global interventions against dementia-specific behavioral features.

scholarly journals δ PREDICTS GENERAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S639-S639
Author(s):  
Donald R Royall ◽  
Raymond F Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
One Year ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Abstract “δ” is a transdiagnostic omnibus dementia severity measure derived from general intelligence (i.e., Spearman’s “g”). It can be estimated in any cognitive battery that contains a measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). As dementia’s essential cognitive impairment, δ may also explain the appearance of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Alternatively, the latter may be associated with orthogonal domain-specific cognitive impairments, unrelated to δ and therefore to dementia. The δ homolog ”dDx” was tested as a predictor of one year prospective BPSD among n = 723 participants in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). Twelve Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q)-rated BPSD were themselves submitted to confirmatory factor analysis resulting in a well-fit bifactor model rating general psychopathology (p), positive (+) and negative (-) symptoms. dDx and orthogonal cognitive factors rating memory (MEM) and executive function (EF) were regressed onto prospective p, (+) and (-). dDx was strongly associated with p (r = -0.59, p &lt;0.001). MEM was associated only with (+) (r = 0.14, p &lt;0.001). EF was associated only with (-) (r = -0.23, p &lt;0.001). This is the first demonstration of p in the geriatric literature. p’s strong association with δ suggests that general psychopathology arises from dementia itself. In contrast, (+) and (-) symptoms may arise from regional insults, e.g., to temporo-limbic and frontal circuits (respectively). No such regional pathology is likely to impact δ or p, as they are “indifferent” to their indicators and must derive from global Central Nervous System (CNS) features.

scholarly journals Satisfied, but Will They Spread a Word? The Role of Customer Satisfaction at Jamu Café

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Usep Suhud ◽  
Sheila Maryam Bajunaid
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Repurchase Intention ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This research aimed to investigate consumers’ intention to repurchase jamu at Jamu Café. Service quality, customer satisfaction, and Word-of-Mouth (WOM) were selected as the predictor variables. In total, 200 participants who purchased jamu at the café were selected conveniently. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as Structural Equation Model (SEM). As a result, service quality influences customer satisfaction significantly. As customers are satisfied, they do word-of-mouth and repurchase. On the other hand, WOM has an insignificant impact on repurchase intention.

Using SEM to Examine the Dimensions of Perfectionism and Investigate the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem Between Perfectionism and Depression in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Taisheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Adaptive Perfectionism

The aim of the study was to examine the nature of perfectionism, to gain a better understanding of the construct using the Chinese population. The study also explored the relationships between perfectionism, self-esteem and depression after identifying the three dimensions of perfectionism. A sample of 292 Chinese university students completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), the Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS), the Almost Perfect Scale — Revised (APS-R), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). As hypothesised, the confirmatory factor analyses revealed that multidimensional perfectionism is explained as a three-factor construct with dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism, adaptive perfectionism and order factor. As predicted, the structural equation model analyses indicated that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depression. Implications for counselling interventions and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of the Internet on Retailer’s Perceived Quality in the Generation of Retailer’s Brand Equity

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292199221
Author(s):  
Valentín Gallart-Camahort ◽  
Luis Callarisa Fiol ◽  
Javier Sánchez García
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Use Of Internet

This study analyses the relationship between the different components of the retailer’s brand equity, as well as the influence that the use of Internet has on the formation of retailer’s brand equity. As some authors point out, there is a need for a measure of the retailer’s brand equity (Boo et al., 2008, Tourism Management, Vol. 30, pp. 219–231; Lee & Back, 2010, Tourism Management, Vol. 31, pp. 395–401). The model proposed to analyse retailer’s brand equity is based on the one used by Boo et al. (2008, Tourism Management, Vol. 30, pp. 219–231), who, in turn, start from the brand equity proposal of the authors Aaker (1991, Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand name, The Free Press) and Keller (1993, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 1–22). A theoretical a priori model was specified according to the results in previous literature and our hypotheses. Prior to testing the model, the dimensionality of the scales was established with confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Once the dimensionality was established, full structural equation model (SEM) was tested. This study provides evidence on the effect of the use of Internet on retailer’s perceived quality. In turn, the influence that this variable has on the retailer’s image and on its perceived value is shown. These relationships have an influence on consumer loyalty to the retailer, which, in turn, generates brand equity for the retailer.

scholarly journals Relationships between the motorcyclists’ behavioural perception and their actual behaviour

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Topolšek ◽  
Dejan Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Motorcycle Rider ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with studying the relationships between the motorcyclists’ thinking about proper behaviour and their actual behaviour in the traffic. The impact of some control variables, such as riders’ age, experience, driving history, and engine cubature, on actual behaviour, is also addressed here. For the purpose of research, two additional questionnaires were applied besides the well-known Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire (MRBQ). To examine the causal relations between all-important latent factors present in this study, the structural equation model was designed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also engaged in the analysis and the statistical modelling process. The results show that the higher awareness about alcohol danger and benefits of protective equipment and helmet can noticeably contribute to the bigger traffic safety. Besides, from the results is evident that the control variables are in most cases also significantly interrelated with the actual behaviour factors. The findings of this research could be important for the planning of better traffic safety strategies for the motorcyclists to decrease the fatalities and related costs and traumas.

scholarly journals Behavioural Comparison of Driverswhen Driving a Motorcycle or a Car: A Structural Equation Modelling Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Topolšek ◽  
Dejan Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Motorcycle Rider

The goal of the study was to investigate if the drivers behave in the same way when they are driving a motorcycle or a car. For this purpose, the Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire and Driver Behaviour Questionnaire were conducted among the same drivers population. Items of questionnaires were used to develop a structural equation model with two factors, one for the motorcyclist’s behaviour, and the other for the car driver’s behaviour. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also applied in this study. Results revealed a certain difference in driving behaviour. The principal reason lies probably in mental consciousness that the risk-taking driving of a motorbike can result in much more catastrophic consequences than when driving a car. The drivers also pointed out this kind of thinking and the developed model has statistically confirmed the behavioural differences. The implications of these findings are also argued in relation to the validation of the appropriateness of the existing traffic regulations.

It Hurts To Be Lonely! Loneliness and Positive Mental Wellbeing in Australian Rural and Urban Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Houghton ◽  
John Hattie ◽  
Annemaree Carroll ◽  
Lisa Wood ◽  
Bernard Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study examined associations between loneliness, a construct associated with serious adverse mental health outcomes, and positive mental wellbeing. Validated measures of loneliness (represented by friendship-related loneliness, isolation, positive attitude to solitude, and negative attitude to solitude) and positive mental wellbeing were administered to 1,143 adolescents from urban and rural schools. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed satisfactory model fit for both measures. A structural equation model confirmed significant positive associations between positive mental wellbeing and friendship-related loneliness and positive attitude to solitude; a significant negative association was found for isolation. Regression analyses provided support for significant differences in these associations according to gender, age, and geographical location (although only marginally). The implications of these findings during adolescence are reviewed.

scholarly journals Purchase Unwillingness and Willingness of Indonesian Consumers towards Israeli Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usep Suhud
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Product Judgment

This research aimed to measure factors influencing purchase willingness and purchase unwillingness on Israeli products. Four predictor variables including consumer animosity, product judgment, boycott participation, and boycott motivation were used. Data were collected by an online survey, and it attracted 337 participants. Three stages of data analysis were applied, those were exploratory analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and Structural Equation Model (SEM). In total, there were seven hypotheses tested. This research finds a significant impact of animosity on product judgment, boycott participation, and boycott motivation. Furthermore, product judgment and boycott participation significantly affect purchase willingness. Meanwhile, boycott participation and boycott motivation significantly affect purchase unwillingness.

Measurement Invariance of Divergent Thinking Across Gender, Age, and School Forms

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Eco-Contractual Governance in Small Farms in Poland: Simultaneous Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Ordinal Variables

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czyżewski ◽  
Agnieszka Sapa ◽  
Piotr Kułyk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Ordinal Variables ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Contractual Governance

Human capital (HC) plays an important role in modern agriculture. The difference in efficiency of assets explains only about a half of the economic performance of agricultural farms, while the other half relies on HC. Although education and training are the main components of HC, it may also be viewed from the perspective of behavioral theories that were taken under consideration in this study. The role of HC in sustainable farming has not been sufficiently explained when it comes to contractual governance (CG). In this study, the meaning of contractual governance was extended and the eco-contractual governance (ECG) concept was proposed, which stands for CG induced by agri-environmental contracts. The main objective of the article is to confirm the latent concepts of HC and ECG and to verify their correlation in view of the standards imposed by the agricultural policy. To achieve this goal, a structural equation model was developed and simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal variables was carried out based on the sample of 674 small farms in Poland. The analysis has confirmed a relatively strong correlation between HC and ECG. It was revealed that training plays a crucial role in this relationship, while economic dependence on agricultural policy weakens the effectiveness of both HC and ECG.

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