scholarly journals Identifying Refugia and Barriers to the Spread of A. graminifolia and D. crumenatum in Puerto Rico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Foster ◽  
James D. Ackerman ◽  
Wilfredo Falcón L.
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Arundina Graminifolia ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
And Control

SummaryEstablishment of new populations is contingent on overcoming abiotic and biotic barriers. While this applies to all species, these hurdles are at the forefront of invasion biology where prediction, prevention, eradication, and control strategies depend on an understanding and exploitation of barriers to establishment and spread. Arundina graminifolia and Dendrobium crumenatum are two invasive orchids spreading throughout Puerto Rico. Current records on their distributions across the island are sparse, and their interactions with the surrounding ecosystem are unknown. Through a direct population survey of all known localities, we identified a new, acquired enemy of both orchids: the orchid-specialist weevil, Stethobaris polita. In this study, we used niche modelling to identify suitable habitats for each orchid on the island and map their current distributions and interactions with S. polita, along with their distributions in the most extreme climate scenario in 2050, in order to contextualize projected patterns of establishment on the island. Our findings show that D. crumenatum flourishes in urban environments which also provide refugia from S. polita. In contrast, there is currently no refugia for A. graminifolia from S. polita attack, as it is more sensitive to the same climatic variables as S. polita. Furthermore, projections into the most extreme climate scenario suggests Puerto Rico will be unsuitable for A. graminifolia and S. polita’s survival, and become less suitable for D. crumenatum, by 2050.

scholarly journals Present and Future Distribution of Two Non-Indigenous Orchids and Their Acquired Enemy in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan A. Foster ◽  
James Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Arundina Graminifolia ◽  
And Control

Abstract Establishment of new populations is contingent on overcoming abiotic and biotic barriers. While this applies to all species, these hurdles are at the forefront of invasion biology where prediction, prevention, eradication, and control strategies depend on an understanding of these processes. Arundina graminifolia and Dendrobium crumenatum are two non-indigenous orchids spreading throughout Puerto Rico. The two species have acquired a native herbivore & seed predator, the orchid-specialist weevil, Stethobaris polita. With recently acquired presence records of the three species, land cover data and BioClim variables, we modeled their potential distributions under current conditions and also those projected under the least and most extreme climate scenarios for 2050 and 2070. We show that D. crumenatum flourishes in urban environments which also provide refugia from S. polita, whereas there is currently limited refugia for A. graminifolia from S. polita attack, as this orchid is sensitive to the same climatic variables as the weevil. Projections into all climate scenarios suggest range retractions for all species, with an equal to or greater proportion of both orchid populations subject to S. polita attack. Thus, we illustrate for island invasions how climate change will likely alter the distribution of acquired biotic interactions.

Ice-free area expansion compounds the non-native species threat to Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Duffy ◽  
Jasmine R Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Free Area

Warming across ice-covered regions will result in changes to both the physical and climatic environment, revealing new ice-free habitat and new climatically suitable habitats for non-native species establishment. Recent studies have independently quantified each of these aspects in Antarctica, where ice-free areas form crucial habitat for the majority of terrestrial biodiversity. Here we synthesise projections of Antarctic ice-free area expansion, recent spatial predictions of non-native species risk, and the frequency of human activities to quantify how these facets of anthropogenic change may interact now and in the future. Under a high-emissions future climate scenario, over a quarter of ice-free area and over 80 % of the ~14 thousand km2 of newly uncovered ice-free area could be vulnerable to invasion by one or more of the modelled non-native species by the end of the century. Ice-free areas identified as vulnerable to non-native species establishment were significantly closer to human activity than unsuitable areas were. Furthermore, almost half of the new vulnerable ice-free area is within 20 km of a site of current human activity. The Antarctic Peninsula, where human activity is heavily concentrated, will be at particular risk. The implications of this for conservation values of Antarctica and the management efforts required to mitigate against it are in need of urgent consideration.

Invasion biology and control of invasive woody plants in eastern forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Webster ◽  
Michael A. Jenkins ◽  
Shibu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
And Control

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Learning and control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses basic concepts from control theory and machine learning to facilitate a formal understanding of animal learning and motor control. It first distinguishes between feedback and feed-forward control strategies, and later introduces the classification of machine learning applications into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems. Next, it links these concepts with their counterparts in the domain of the psychology of animal learning, highlighting the analogies between supervised learning and classical conditioning, reinforcement learning and operant conditioning, and between unsupervised and perceptual learning. Additionally, it interprets innate and acquired actions from the standpoint of feedback vs anticipatory and adaptive control. Finally, it argues how this framework of translating knowledge between formal and biological disciplines can serve us to not only structure and advance our understanding of brain function but also enrich engineering solutions at the level of robot learning and control with insights coming from biology.

Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

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