scholarly journals Brainstem organoids from human pluripotent stem cells contain neural crest population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Eura ◽  
Takeshi K. Matsui ◽  
Joachim Luginbühl ◽  
Masaya Matsubayashi ◽  
Hitoki Nanaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain Development ◽  
Cellular Population ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe brainstem controls heartbeat, blood pressure and respiration, which are life-sustaining functions, therefore, disorders of the brainstem can be lethal. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells recapitulate the course of human brain development and are expected to be useful for medical research on central nervous system disorders. However, existing organoid models have limitations, hampering the elucidation of diseases affecting specific components of the brain. Here, we developed a method to generate human brainstem organoids (hBSOs), containing neural crest stem cells as well as midbrain/hindbrain progenitors, noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons, and dopaminergic neurons, demonstrated by specific electrophysiological signatures. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis, together with proteomics and electrophysiology, revealed that the cellular population in these organoids was similar to that of the human brainstem and neural crest, which raises the possibility of making use of hBSOs in grafting for transplantation, efficient drug screenings and modeling the neural crest diseases.

scholarly journals Prospect of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells in Clinical Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Qiqi Lu ◽  
Rong Gao ◽  
Tong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) represent a transient and multipotent cell population that contributes to numerous anatomical structures such as peripheral nervous system, teeth, and cornea. NCSC maldevelopment is related to various human diseases including pigmentation abnormalities, disorders affecting autonomic nervous system, and malformations of teeth, eyes, and hearts. As human pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source to generate NCSCs, hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs can be a valuable tool to study the underlying mechanisms of NCSC-associated diseases, which paves the way for future therapies for these abnormalities. In addition, hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs with the capability of differentiating to various cell types are highly promising for clinical organ repair and regeneration. In this review, we first discuss NCSC generation methods from human pluripotent stem cells and differentiation mechanism of NCSCs. Then we focus on the clinical application potential of hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs on peripheral nerve injuries, corneal blindness, tooth regeneration, pathological melanogenesis, Hirschsprung disease, and cardiac repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells

Development ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. e1106-e1106
Author(s):  
P. Noisa ◽  
C. Lund ◽  
K. Kanduri ◽  
R. Lund ◽  
H. Lahdesmaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Neural Crest Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah ◽  
Serena Viventi ◽  
Donald F. Newgreen ◽  
Mirella Dottori
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Neural crest stem cells can be induced in vitro from human-induced pluripotent stem cells using a novel protocol free of feeder cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Rei Abe ◽  
Kazuyo Yamauchi ◽  
Kazuki Kuniyoshi ◽  
Takane Suzuki ◽  
Yusuke Matsuura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain pericyte-like cells induce blood-brain barrier properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Stebbins ◽  
Benjamin D. Gastfriend ◽  
Scott G. Canfield ◽  
Ming-Song Lee ◽  
Drew Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Pericytes ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTBrain pericytes play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and their dysfunction has been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. While human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been used to model other components of the NVU including brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), astrocytes, and neurons, cells having brain pericyte-like phenotypes have not been described. In this study, we generated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), the embryonic precursor to forebrain pericytes, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and subsequently differentiated NCSCs to brain pericyte-like cells. The brain pericyte-like cells expressed marker profiles that closely resembled primary human brain pericytes, and they self-assembled with endothelial cells to support vascular tube formation. Importantly, the brain pericyte-like cells induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in BMECs, including barrier enhancement and reduction of transcytosis. Finally, brain pericyte-like cells were incorporated with iPSC-derived BMECs, astrocytes, and neurons to form an isogenic human NVU model that should prove useful for the study of the BBB in CNS health, disease, and therapy.

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