scholarly journals Adaptive Expansion of Taste Neuron Response Profiles by Congruent Aroma in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Pu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Haini N. Cai ◽  
Ping Shen
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Flavor Perception ◽  
Neuron Response ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Food Aroma ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Pairing of food aroma with selected taste can lead to enhanced food flavor and eating euphoria, but how cross-modal sensory combinations are integrated to increase food reward value remains largely unclear. Here we report that combined stimulation by food aroma and taste drastically increased appetite in well-nourished Drosophila larvae, and the appetizing effect involves a previously uncharacterized smell-taste integration process at axon terminals of two Gr43a gustatory neurons. Molecular genetic analyses of the smell-taste integration reveal a G protein-mediated tuning mechanism in two central neuropeptide F (NPF) neurons. This mechanism converts selected odor stimuli to NPF-encoded appetizing signals that potentiate Gr43a neuronal response to otherwise non-stimulating glucose or oleic acid. Further, NPF-potentiated responses to glucose and oleic acid require a Gr43a-independent and Gr43a-dependent pathway, respectively. Our finding of adaptive expansion of taste neuron response profiles by congruent aroma reveals a previously uncharacterized layer of neural complexity in food flavor perception.

Sodium-deficient diet reduces gustatory activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract of behaving rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. R647-R661 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dietary Condition ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
General Reduction

The activity of single taste neurons was recorded from the nucleus of the solitary tract before (n = 41) and after (n = 58) awake, behaving rats were switched to a sodium-free diet. During sodium deprivation, the spontaneous activity of the neurons increased (142%), but responses to water and sapid stimuli decreased. For all neurons in the sample, the mean response to water decreased to 72% of its predeprivation level, NaCl dropped to 53%, sucrose to 41%, citric acid to 68%, and quinine HCl to 84%. Despite the drop in magnitude, the response profiles of the taste neurons were not changed by the dietary condition. In the Na-replete state, 61% of the activity elicited by NaCl occurred in NaCl-best cells and 33% in sucrose-best neurons. In the depleted state, these values were 60 and 26%, respectively. Nevertheless, at the highest concentrations tested, deprivation did alter the relative responsiveness of the gustatory neurons to sucrose and NaCl in specific categories of neurons. Compared with acute preparations, dietary sodium deprivation in awake, behaving rats produced a more general reduction in the gustatory responses of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The largest reductions in elicited activity occurred for the "best stimulus" of a particular neuron, thus leading to smaller differences in response magnitude across stimuli, particularly at the highest concentrations tested.

Anterior and Posterior Oral Cavity Responsive Neurons Are Differentially Distributed Among Parabrachial Subnuclei in Rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 920-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Halsell ◽  
Susan P. Travers
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Comparable Population ◽  
Stimulation Of

Halsell, Christopher B. and Susan P. Travers. Anterior and posterior oral cavity responsive neurons are differentially distributed among parabrachial subnuclei in rat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 920–938, 1997. The responses of single parabrachial nucleus (PBN) neurons were recorded extracellularly to characterize their sensitivity to stimulation of individual gustatory receptor subpopulations (G neurons, n = 75) or mechanical stimulation of defined oral regions (M neurons, n = 54) then localized to morphologically defined PBN subdivisions. Convergence from separate oral regions onto single neurons occurred frequently for both G and M neurons, but converging influences were more potent when they arose from nearby locations confined to the anterior (AO) or posterior oral cavity (PO). A greater number of G neurons responded optimally to stimulation of AO than to PO receptor subpopulations, and these AO-best G neurons had higher spontaneous and evoked response rates but were less likely to receive convergent input than PO-best G neurons. In contrast, proportions, response rates, and convergence patterns of AO- and PO-best M neurons were more comparable. The differential sensitivity of taste receptor subpopulations was reflected in PBN responses. AO stimulation with NaCl elicited larger responses than PO stimulation; the converse was true for QHCl stimulation. Within the AO, NaCl elicited a larger response when applied to the anterior tongue than to the nasoincisor duct. Hierarchical cluster analysis of chemosensitive response profiles suggested two groups of PBN G neurons. One group was composed of neurons optimally responsive to NaCl (N cluster); the other to HCl (H cluster). Most N- and H-cluster neurons were AO-best. Although they were more heterogenous, all but one of the remaining G neurons were unique in responding best or second-best to quinine and so were designated as quinine sensitive (Q+). Twice as many Q+ neurons were PO- compared with AO-best. M neurons were scattered across PBN subdivisions, but G neurons were concentrated in two pairs of subdivisions. The central medial and ventral lateral subdivisions contained both G and M neurons but were dominated by AO-best N-cluster G neurons. The distribution of G neurons in these subdivisions appeared similar to distributions in most previous studies of PBN gustatory neurons. In contrast to earlier studies, however, the external medial and external lateral-inner subdivisions also contained G neurons, intermingled with a comparable population of M neurons. Unlike cells in the central medial and ventral lateral subnuclei, nearly every neuron in the external subnuclei was PO best, and only one was an N-cluster cell. In conclusion, the present study supports a functional distinction between sensory input from the AO and PO at the pontine level, which may represent an organizing principle throughout the gustatory neuraxis. Furthermore, two morphologically distinct pontine regions containing orosensory neurons are described.

Concept of neuron types in gustation in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1390-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Woolston ◽  
R. P. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Neuron Response ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Formal Taxonomy ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

1. In taste neurophysiology, from Pfaffmann's (49, 50) pioneering work until the present, the possibility of types of neurons corresponding in some sense with the "primary" taste qualities of Henning (33) has been entertained: recently types of gustatory neurons in peripheral nerves have been established according to which of the four classical stimuli is the "best stimulus." However, considerable variation occurs in the response profiles within neurons classified as belonging to the same type. The purpose of this research is to determine, using mathematical techniques where appropriate, if the within-type variation is spurious or, instead, indicates the absence of a typology of taste neurons. The data used were counts of the spike discharges of 50 individual taste neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat, evoked by 32 diverse chemical stimuli. 2. Using as input the matrix of Pearson r correlation coefficients calculated for the responses of all pairings of neurons to all stimuli, multidimensional scaling analysis revealed a two-dimensional space in which no clear groupings of neurons occurred. 3. In a hierarchical cluster analysis of the neuron response profile similarities, no evidence of grouping was found, suggesting a more-or-less continuous variation among neurons. 4. When the organization of the 32 stimuli utilized was studied by the same techniques, no clear evidence for stimulus types was found, although the possibility of two stimulus types--"sweet" and "nonsweet"--was raised. 5. Construction of a joint neuron-stimulus space supported a spatial model of taste neuron-stimulus interaction, while analysis of the number and pattern of high correlations among neurons--even after allowance for attenuation due to measurement error--failed to support the notion of types of taste neurons with identical response profiles. 6. Aspects of the logical role of types of neurons in gustatory coding were discussed, and the results and methods of the present investigation were related to classification schemes for neurons in general. Suggestions for a formal taxonomy of neurons were given. 7. It should be emphasized that the present study and conclusions are of second-order, CNS neurons, whereas the studies advocating the presence of neurons types were of peripheral neurons. Taken together, the implication to be drawn from these studies is that if neural types do exist in peripheral taste nerves, the typology is lost at the first synapse and is thus unavailable to the CNS for coding purposes, at least in the rat.

Stretch-sensitive afferent neurons in cat knee joint capsule: sensitivity to axial and compression stresses and strains

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1871-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grigg ◽  
A. H. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Poisson Effect ◽  
Neuron Response ◽  
Axial Stretching ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Afferent Ending

1. Experiments were performed to determine whether the response of stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors to tissue deformation is caused by the axial stretching of the tissue or by the associated transverse compression of the tissue caused by the Poisson effect. 2. Single, stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors were recorded in vitro in a preparation of innervated, isolated capsule from the cat knee. Afferents were isolated in a ligamentous capsule thickening that has a uniform geometry and parallel collagen fibers. The tissue was loaded axially while simultaneously stretching it around the surface of a cylinder to produce compression stresses and strains. Axial stresses and strains were measured or estimated. 3. By altering the diameter of the cylinder, given axial stresses and strains produced different levels of compression stresses and strains. It was possible to compare the neuronal response to pure uniaxial tension with the response when both axial stretching and transverse compression was applied. 4. In 8 of 11 experiments, transverse compression did not significantly change the response (P > 0.05). In one experiment, the response was decreased by compression. In the other two experiments, the response was increased but was not a function of the magnitude of the compressive stress. 5. Compressive strain was not significantly correlated with neuron response in any experiment. 6. The data do not sustain the model that the responses of stretch-sensitive neurons are due to local compression of the afferent ending.

Gomisin J Inhibits Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Lipogenesis by Activation of the AMPK-Dependent Pathway and Inhibition of the Hepatokine Fetuin-A in HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (44) ◽  
pp. 9729-9739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungsuk Kim ◽  
Sue Ji Lim ◽  
Hee-Ju Lee ◽  
Sun Young Kim ◽  
Chu Won Nho
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Oleic acid promotes migration on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through an arachidonic acid-dependent pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Navarro-Tito ◽  
Adriana Soto-Guzman ◽  
Luis Castro-Sanchez ◽  
Raul Martinez-Orozco ◽  
Eduardo Perez Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Dependent Pathway

scholarly journals Alternatives to the Isomerase-dependent Pathway for the β-Oxidation of Oleic Acid Are Dispensable inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 274 (35) ◽  
pp. 24514-24521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aner Gurvitz ◽  
Anu M. Mursula ◽  
Ahmed I. Yagi ◽  
Andreas Hartig ◽  
Helmut Ruis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Oleic acid prevents apoptotic cell death induced by trans10, cis12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid via p38 MAP kinase dependent pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Yamasaki ◽  
Hirofumi Tachibana ◽  
Arisa Yamada ◽  
Yukari Ochi ◽  
Harishkumar Madhyastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Dependent Pathway

scholarly journals Oleic acid induces migration through a FFAR1/4, EGFR and AKT-dependent pathway in breast cancer cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleofas Marcial-Medina ◽  
Alejandra Ordoñez-Moreno ◽  
Christian Gonzalez-Reyes ◽  
Pedro Cortes-Reynosa ◽  
Eduardo Perez Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are an energy source, and induce activation of signal transduction pathways that mediate several biological processes. In breast cancer cells, oleic acid (OA) induces proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion, migration and invasion. However, the signal transduction pathways that mediate migration and invasion induced by OA in breast cancer cells have not been studied in detail. We demonstrate here that FFAR1 and FFAR4 mediate migration induced by OA in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, OA induces migration, invasion, AKT1 and AKT2 activation, 12-LOX secretion and an increase of NFκB-DNA binding activity in breast cancer cells. Cell migration requires FFAR1, FFAR4, EGFR, AKT and PI3K activity, whereas invasion is mediated though a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. Furthermore, OA promotes relocalization of paxillin to focal contacts and it requires PI3K and EGFR activity, whereas NFκB-DNA binding activity requires PI3K and AKT activity.

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