The Cell Wall Arabinose-Deficient Arabidopsis thaliana Mutant murus5 Encodes a Defective Allele of REVERSIBLY GLYCOSYLATED POLYPEPTIDE2

Abstract Background Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos, mre1, any1, prc1-1 and rsw1, and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein (csi1) mutant pom2-4. In addition, various treatments with drugs affecting cell expansion were performed on wild-type roots. Whole mount tubulin immunolabeling was applied in the above roots and observations were performed by confocal microscopy. Results Cortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. Conclusions According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules.

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Cell wall biogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana elongating cells: transcriptomics complements proteomics

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-10-505 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elisabeth Jamet ◽

David Roujol ◽

Hélène San-Clemente ◽

Muhammad Irshad ◽

Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Biogenesis

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The Cell Wall-Derived Xyloglucan Is a New DAMP Triggering Plant Immunity in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis thaliana

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2018.01725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Justine Claverie ◽

Suzanne Balacey ◽

Christelle Lemaître-Guillier ◽

Daphnée Brulé ◽

Annick Chiltz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Plant Immunity

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Growth Media Induces Variation in Cell Wall Associated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Pollen Tube

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants2030429 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 429-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mário da Costa ◽

Luís Pereira ◽

Sílvia Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Pollen Tube ◽

Growth Media

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Localisation and characterisation of cell wall mannan polysaccharides in Arabidopsis thaliana

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-003-1073-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 218 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Michael G. Handford ◽

Timothy C. Baldwin ◽

Florence Goubet ◽

Tracy A. Prime ◽

Joanne Miles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Mannan

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Changes in cell ultrastructure and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana roots after coumarins treatment

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2001.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 187-198

Author(s):

Ewa Kupidłowska

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cell Ultrastructure ◽

Radial Expansion ◽

Elongation Zone ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Mother Cell Wall

The ultrastructure and morphology of roots treated with coumarin and umbelliferone as well as the reversibility of the coumarins effects caused by exogenous GA, were studied in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Both coumarins suppressed root elongation and appreciably stimulated radial expansion of epidermal and cortical cells in the upper part of the meristem and in the elongation zone. The gibberellic acid applied simultaneously with coumarins decreased their inhibitory effect on root elongation and reduced cells swelling.Microscopic observation showed intensive vacuolization of cells and abnormalities in the structure of the Golgi stacks and the nuclear envelope. The detection of active acid phosphatase in the cytosol of swollen cells indicated increased membrane permeability. Significant abnormalities of newly formed cell walls, e.g. the discontinuity of cellulose layer, uncorrect position of walls and the lack of their bonds with the mother cell wall suggest that coumarins affected the cytoskeleton.

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FRA1 modulates cortical microtubule localization of CMU proteins

10.1101/760389 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anindya Ganguly ◽

Chuanmei Zhu ◽

Weizu Chen ◽

Ram Dixit

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cortical Microtubule ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Lateral Stability ◽

Cortical Microtubules ◽

Tail Region ◽

Opposing Effect ◽

Growth And Reproduction

ABSTRACTConstruction of the cell wall demands harmonized deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides. Cortical microtubules orient the deposition of cellulose by guiding the trajectory of plasma membrane-embedded cellulose synthase complexes. Vesicles containing matrix polysaccharides are thought to be transported by the FRA1 kinesin to facilitate their secretion along cortical microtubules. The cortical microtubule cytoskeleton thus provides a platform to coordinate the delivery of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the tail region of the FRA1 kinesin physically interacts with CMU proteins which are important for the microtubule-dependent guidance of cellulose synthase complexes. Interaction with CMUs did not affect microtubule binding or motility of the FRA1 kinesin but had an opposing effect on the cortical microtubule localization of CMU1 and CMU2 proteins, thus regulating the lateral stability of cortical microtubules. Phosphorylation of the FRA1 tail region by CKL6 inhibited binding to CMUs and consequently reversed the extent of cortical microtubule decoration by CMU1 and CMU2. Genetic experiments demonstrated the significance of this interaction to the growth and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We propose that modulation of CMU’s microtubule localization by FRA1 provides a mechanism to control the coordinated deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides.

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Auxin and Cell Wall Crosstalk as Revealed by the Arabidopsis thaliana Cellulose Synthase Mutant Radially Swollen 1

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcz055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 1487-1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thiel A. Lehman ◽

Karen A Sanguinet

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽

Restrictive Temperature ◽

Permissive Temperature ◽

Anisotropic Expansion ◽

Single Amino Acid Change

AbstractPlant cells sheath themselves in a complex lattice of polysaccharides, proteins and enzymes forming an integral matrix known as the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils, the primary component of cell walls, are synthesized at the plasma membrane by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins throughout cellular growth and are responsible for turgor-driven anisotropic expansion. Associations between hormone signaling and cell wall biosynthesis have long been suggested, but recently direct links have been found revealing hormones play key regulatory roles in cellulose biosynthesis. The radially swollen 1 (rsw1) allele of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA1 harbors a single amino acid change that renders the protein unstable at high temperatures. We used the conditional nature of rsw1 to investigate how auxin contributes to isotropic growth. We found that exogenous auxin treatment reduces isotropic swelling in rsw1 roots at the restrictive temperature of 30ï¿½C. We also discovered decreases in auxin influx between rsw1 and wild-type roots via confocal imaging of AUX1-YFP, even at the permissive temperature of 19ï¿½C. Moreover, rsw1 displayed mis-expression of auxin-responsive and CESA genes. Additionally, we found altered auxin maxima in rsw1 mutant roots at the onset of swelling using DII-VENUS and DR5:vYFP auxin reporters. Overall, we conclude disrupted cell wall biosynthesis perturbs auxin transport leading to altered auxin homeostasis impacting both anisotropic and isotropic growth that affects overall root morphology.

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