The Cell Wall-Derived Xyloglucan Is a New DAMP Triggering Plant Immunity in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis thaliana

The in vitro cell cultures derived from the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) have been used for the production of stilbenes treated with different biotic and abiotic elicitors. The red-grape cultivar Váh has been elicited by natural cellulose from Trichoderma viride, the cell wall homogenate from Fusarium oxysporum and synthetic jasmonates. The sodium-orthovanadate, known as an inhibitor of hypersensitive necrotic response in treated plant cells able to enhance production and release of secondary metabolite into the cultivation medium, was used as an abiotic elicitor. Growth of cells and the content of phenolic compounds trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, δ-viniferin, and ɛ-viniferin, were analyzed in grapevine cells treated by individual elicitors. The highest accumulation of analyzed individual stilbenes, except of trans-piceid has been observed after treatment with the cell wall homogenate from F. oxysporum. Maximum production of trans-resveratrol, δ- and ɛ-viniferins was triggered by treatment with cellulase from T. viride. The accumulation of trans-piceid in cell cultures elicited by this cellulase revealed exactly the opposite effect, with almost three times higher production of trans-resveratrol than that of trans-piceid. This study suggested that both used fungal elicitors can enhance production more effectively than commonly used jasmonates.

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Inhibition of cell expansion enhances cortical microtubule stability in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana

Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki ◽

10.1186/s40709-021-00143-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Veronica Giourieva ◽

Emmanuel Panteris

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Expansion ◽

Cortical Microtubule ◽

Root Apex ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽

Cortical Microtubules ◽

Wild Type ◽

Microtubule Stability

Abstract Background Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos, mre1, any1, prc1-1 and rsw1, and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein (csi1) mutant pom2-4. In addition, various treatments with drugs affecting cell expansion were performed on wild-type roots. Whole mount tubulin immunolabeling was applied in the above roots and observations were performed by confocal microscopy. Results Cortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. Conclusions According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules.

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Overexpression of β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase From Vitis vinifera L. Improves Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.564385 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Yang ◽

Xue Yang ◽

Shujia Dong ◽

Yao Ge ◽

Xuenan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Vitis Vinifera L

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Pre-Harvest Treatment of Chitosan Oligosaccharides Improved Strawberry Fruit Quality

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2194 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yanqiu He ◽

Santosh Bose ◽

Wenxia Wang ◽

Xiaochen Jia ◽

Hang Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Regulated Gene Expression

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), derived through hydrolysis of chitosan, has been proved to be an effective plant immunity elicitor, eco-friendly, and easily soluble in water, and influenced several secondary metabolites content to improve fruit qualities. COS are widely used in agriculture to improve the defense response in plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pre-harvest treatment effect of COS on the quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv.qingxiang). COS was dissolved in distilled water at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1 and sprayed at four different growth stages of strawberry plants, namely seedling stage, before flowering, fruit coloring (the stage of fruit from white to red) and full bloom. Uniform size, shape, color, without any visible damage, and disease-free fruits were harvested for determining the quality. The results showed that the fruit firmness, viscosity, lignin, sugars, protein, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity content increased in COS-treated fruits compared to control. In addition, COS pre-harvest treatment had a positive effect on anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C content and DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity of strawberry. Moreover, COS also increased the cell wall composition and regulated gene expression of some important enzymes involved in ethylene compound biosynthesis and cell wall degradation. The finding of this study suggests that pre-harvest application of COS is very useful for improving quality and antioxidant capacity of strawberry.

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Cell wall biogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana elongating cells: transcriptomics complements proteomics

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-10-505 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elisabeth Jamet ◽

David Roujol ◽

Hélène San-Clemente ◽

Muhammad Irshad ◽

Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Biogenesis

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Growth Media Induces Variation in Cell Wall Associated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Pollen Tube

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants2030429 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 429-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mário da Costa ◽

Luís Pereira ◽

Sílvia Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Pollen Tube ◽

Growth Media

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Localisation and characterisation of cell wall mannan polysaccharides in Arabidopsis thaliana

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-003-1073-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 218 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Michael G. Handford ◽

Timothy C. Baldwin ◽

Florence Goubet ◽

Tracy A. Prime ◽

Joanne Miles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Mannan

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Loss of chloroplast-localized protein phosphatase 2Cs in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to enhancement of plant immunity and resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection

Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/mpp.12596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1184-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama ◽

Shigeru Tanabe ◽

Hideyuki Kajiwara ◽

Eiichi Minami ◽

Hirokazu Ochiai

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Protein Phosphatase ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

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Changes in cell ultrastructure and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana roots after coumarins treatment

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2001.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 187-198

Author(s):

Ewa Kupidłowska

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cell Ultrastructure ◽

Radial Expansion ◽

Elongation Zone ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Mother Cell Wall

The ultrastructure and morphology of roots treated with coumarin and umbelliferone as well as the reversibility of the coumarins effects caused by exogenous GA, were studied in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Both coumarins suppressed root elongation and appreciably stimulated radial expansion of epidermal and cortical cells in the upper part of the meristem and in the elongation zone. The gibberellic acid applied simultaneously with coumarins decreased their inhibitory effect on root elongation and reduced cells swelling.Microscopic observation showed intensive vacuolization of cells and abnormalities in the structure of the Golgi stacks and the nuclear envelope. The detection of active acid phosphatase in the cytosol of swollen cells indicated increased membrane permeability. Significant abnormalities of newly formed cell walls, e.g. the discontinuity of cellulose layer, uncorrect position of walls and the lack of their bonds with the mother cell wall suggest that coumarins affected the cytoskeleton.

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