Silver behenate as a calibration standard of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering

Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) patterns of a silver behenate composite film, which has a typical layered structure, are described. The peak position of the film in the GISAXS pattern was varied depending on the incident angle, which was well described by taking into account the refraction and the reflection effects. Since the refractive index of samples depends on sample preparation, it is recommended that the measurement of silver behenate as a standard be done in conventional transmission mode to avoid any complexity.

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Structural characterization using the multiple scattering effects in grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s0021889807051345 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Byeongdu Lee ◽

Chieh-Tsung Lo ◽

P. Thiyagarajan ◽

Dong R. Lee ◽

Zhongwei Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Scattering ◽

Small Angle ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Average Distance ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Scattering Effects ◽

Multiple Scattering Effects ◽

Ray Scattering

The multiple scattering effects present in grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) data and interference between them are addressed theoretically as well as experimentally with measurement of a series of patterns at different incident angles, referred to as `incident-angle-resolved GISAXS' (IAR-GISAXS). X-ray reflectivity (XR), GISAXS and IAR-GISAXS of virus particles on Si-substrate supported-polystyrene films have been measured and all the data have been analyzed with appropriate formalisms. It was found that under certain conditions it is possible to extract the correct structural features of the materials from the GISAXS/IAR-GISAXS data using the kinematic SAXS formalisms, without the need to use the distorted-wave Born approximation. Furthermore, the Kiessig fringes in GISAXS enable the measurement of the average distance between the particle and the substrate, similar to the measurement of film thickness using the fringes in the XR data. It is believed that the methods developed here will expand the application of GISAXS as they enable the application of model-independent and kinematic SAXS theories to nanostructured two-dimensional ordered films.

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Anomalous grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering of Ga2O3-based nanoparticles

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576718001772 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 436-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Revenant

Keyword(s):

Absorption Edge ◽

Small Angle ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Core Shell ◽

Dense Layer ◽

Anomalous Scattering ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) performed at several X-ray energies in the vicinity of the absorption edge of a considered element is called anomalous GISAXS (AGISAXS). This emerging technique takes advantage of the variation of the scattering factor near an absorption edge, allowing the morphology of multi-component nanomaterials to be unraveled. The selected model system for AGISAXS simulations is mainly an In2O3layer containing Ga2O3-based nanoparticles. The transmission coefficients at the different X-ray energies near the GaKedge are identical at one specific incident angle (near the critical angle). Hence, it could be relevant to perform AGISAXS at this incident angle in order to cancel the transmission modification as the X-ray energy changes. For buried nanoparticles, grazing-incidence effects are negligible with respect to the anomalous element-specific contribution provided that the experiments are performed at energies a few electronvolts below the absorption edge. Interestingly, AGISAXS has a clearly different intensity behaviorversusX-ray energy for an embedded monodisperse spherical particle, a hole and a core–shell particle. Hence, AGISAXS can be used to unambiguously distinguish such embedded particles. Moreover, even for a dense layer of core–shell nanoparticles on a substrate, anomalous effects are much larger than grazing effects as the X-ray energy changes. Finally, it is shown that experimental anomalous scattering can be significant and can be satisfactorily simulated.

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