Evolution of laser-induced strain in a Ge crystal for the [111] and [100] directions probed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Rathore ◽  
Himanshu Singhal ◽  
Ajmal Ansari ◽  
Juzer Ali Chakera

Ultra-short laser-pulse-induced strain propagation in a Ge crystal is studied in the [111] and [100] directions using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TXRD). The strain propagation velocity is derived by analysis of the TXRD signal from the strained crystal planes. Numerical integration of the Takagi–Taupin equations is performed using open source code, which provides a very simple approach to estimate the strain propagation velocity. The present method will be particularly useful for relatively broad spectral bandwidths and weak X-ray sources, where temporal oscillations in the diffracted X-ray intensity at the relevant phonon frequencies would not be visible. The two Bragg reflections of the Ge sample, viz. 111 and 400, give information on the propagation of strain for two different depths, as the X-ray extinction depths are different for these two reflections. The strain induced by femtosecond laser excitation has a propagation velocity comparable to the longitudinal acoustic velocity. The strain propagation velocity increases with increasing laser excitation fluence. This fluence dependence of the strain propagation velocity can be attributed to crystal heating by ambipolar carrier diffusion. Ge is a promising candidate for silicon-based optoelectronics, and this study will enhance the understanding of heat transport by carrier diffusion in Ge induced by ultra-fast laser pulses, which will assist in the design of optoelectronic devices.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rössle ◽  
Wolfram Leitenberger ◽  
Matthias Reinhardt ◽  
Azize Koç ◽  
Jan Pudell ◽  
...  

The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP for optical pump/X-ray probe experiments at the electron storage ring BESSY II is dedicated to investigating the structural response of thin film samples and heterostructures after their excitation with ultrashort laser pulses and/or electric field pulses. It enables experiments with access to symmetric and asymmetric Bragg reflections via a four-circle diffractometer and it is possible to keep the sample in high vacuum and vary the sample temperature between ∼15 K and 350 K. The femtosecond laser system permanently installed at the beamline allows for optical excitation of the sample at 1028 nm. A non-linear optical setup enables the sample excitation also at 514 nm and 343 nm. A time-resolution of 17 ps is achieved with the `low-α' operation mode of the storage ring and an electronic variation of the delay between optical pump and hard X-ray probe pulse conveniently accesses picosecond to microsecond timescales. Direct time-resolved detection of the diffracted hard X-ray synchrotron pulses use a gated area pixel detector or a fast point detector in single photon counting mode. The range of experiments that are reliably conducted at the endstation and that detect structural dynamics of samples excited by laser pulses or electric fields are presented.


2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C775-C775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Kaminski ◽  
Jason Benedict ◽  
Elzbieta Trzop ◽  
Katarzyna Jarzembska ◽  
Bertrand Fournier ◽  
...  

High-intensity X-ray sources, such as synchrotrons or X-ray free electron lasers, providing up to 100 ps time-resolution allow for studying very short-lived excited electronic states in molecular crystals. Some recent examples constitute investigations of Rh...Rh bond shortening,[1] or metal-to-ligand charge transfer processes in CuI complexes.[2] Nevertheless, in cases in which the lifetime of excited state species exceeds 10 μs it is now possible, due to the dramatic increase in the brightness of X-ray sources and the sensitivity of detectors, to use laboratory equipment to explore structural changes upon excitation. Consequently, in this contribution we present detailed technical description of the 'in-house' X-ray diffraction setup allowing for the laser-pump X-ray-probe experiments within the time-resolution at the order of 10 μs or larger. The experimental setup consists of a modified Bruker Mo-rotating-anode diffractometer, coupled with the high-frequency Nd:YAG laser (λ = 355 nm). The required synchronization of the laser pulses and the X-ray beam is realized via the optical chopper mounted across the beam-path. Chopper and laser capabilities enable high-repetition-rate experiments reaching up to 100 kHz. In addition, the laser shutter is being directly controlled though the original diffractometer software, allowing for collection of the data in a similar manner as done at the synchrotron (alternating light-ON & light-OFF frames). The laser beam itself is split into two allowing for improved uniform light delivery onto the crystal specimen. The designed setup was tested on the chosen set of crystals exhibiting rather long-lived excited state, such as, the Cu2Br2L2 (L = C5H4N-NMe2) complex, for which the determined lifetime is about 100 μs at 90 K. The results shall be presented. Research is funded by the National Science Foundation (CHE1213223). KNJ is supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the "Mobility Plus" program.


1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
I. V. Tomov ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
P. M. Rentzepis

Abstract We report the development of a novel, pulsed x-ray diffraction system with picosecond time resolution. The system has been used to study the heat transport in gold, platinum and silicon crystals heated by 10 ps, 193 nm laser pulses. Further developments and applications of time resolved picosecond x-ray diffraction are discussed.


2009 ◽  
Vol 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lu ◽  
Matthieu Nicoul ◽  
Uladzimir Shymanovich ◽  
Alexander Tarsevitch ◽  
Martin Kammler ◽  
...  

AbstractLarge amplitude coherent optical phonons have been investigated in laser-excited Bismuth by means of femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction. For absorbed laser fluences above 2 mJ/cm2, the experimental data reveal an extreme softening of the excited A1g-mode down to frequencies of about 1 THz, only 1/3 of the unperturbed A1g-frequency. At even stronger excitation the measured diffraction signals no longer exhibit an oscillatory behavior presenting strong indication that upon intense laser-excitation the Peierls-distortion, which defines the equilibrium structure of Bismuth, can be transiently reversed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rathore ◽  
V. Arora ◽  
H. Singhal ◽  
T. Mandal ◽  
J.A. Chakera ◽  
...  

AbstractKα X-ray sources generated from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with solids are compact and low-cost source of ultra-short quasi-monochromatic X-rays compared with synchrotron radiation source. Development of collimated ultra-short Kα X-ray source by the interaction of 45 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse with Cu wire target is presented in this paper. A study of the Kα source with laser parameters such as energy and pulse duration was carried out. The observed Kα X-ray photon flux was ~2.7 × 108 photons/shot at the laser intensity of ~2.8 × 1017 W cm−2. A model was developed to analyze the observed results. The Kα radiation was coupled to a polycapillary collimator to generate a collimated low divergence (0.8 mrad) X-ray beam. Such sources are useful for time-resolved X-ray diffraction and imaging studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (22) ◽  
pp. e2105046118
Author(s):  
Stefano M. Cavaletto ◽  
Daniel Keefer ◽  
Jérémy R. Rouxel ◽  
Flavia Aleotti ◽  
Francesco Segatta ◽  
...  

The outcomes and timescales of molecular nonadiabatic dynamics are decisively impacted by the quantum coherences generated at localized molecular regions. In time-resolved X-ray diffraction imaging, these coherences create distinct signatures via inelastic photon scattering, but they are buried under much stronger background elastic features. Here, we exploit the rich dynamical information encoded in the inelastic patterns, which we reveal by frequency-dispersed covariance ultrafast powder X-ray diffraction of stochastic X-ray free-electron laser pulses. This is demonstrated for the photoisomerization of azobenzene involving the passage through a conical intersection, where the nuclear wave packet branches and explores different quantum pathways. Snapshots of the coherence dynamics are obtained at high frequency shifts, not accessible with conventional diffraction measurements. These provide access to the timing and to the confined spatial distribution of the valence electrons directly involved in the conical intersection passage. This study can be extended to full three-dimensional imaging of conical intersections with ultrafast X-ray and electron diffraction.


1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rousse ◽  
C. Rischel ◽  
I. Uschmann ◽  
E. Förster ◽  
P. A. Albouy ◽  
...  

Ultrafast disordering in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films and TlAP (thallium acid phthalate) crystals has been investigated by optical-pump–X-ray-probe experiments using intense femtosecond laser pulses. A laser-produced plasma X-ray source at 7.12 Å wavelength is used to study atomic dynamics by subpicosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction. It is found that a drop of the X-ray diffracted intensity appears with time constants from below 600 fs up to a few tens of picoseconds in LB films optically excited at laser fluxes from 1.8 to 27 J cm−2. This loss in the diffracted intensity is understood as a displacement of the diffracting atoms by ∼8 Å from their equilibrium position. The response of the TlAP crystal was significantly slower. The relation to the atomic structure of the materials is discussed.


1984 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Larson ◽  
J. Z. Tischler ◽  
D. M. Mills

ABSTRACTWe have used time-resolved x-ray diffraction measurements of thermal expansion induced strain to measure overheating and undercooling in <100> and <111> oriented silicon during pulsed laser melting and regrowth. 249 nm (KrF) excimer laser pulses of 1.2 J/cm2 energy density and 25 ns FWHM were synchronized with x-ray pulses from the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) to carry out Bragg profile measurements with ±2 ns time resolution. Combined overheating and undercooling values of 120 ± 30 K and 45 ± 20 K were found for the <111> and <100> orientations, respectively, and these values have been used to obtain information on the limiting regrowth velocities for silicon.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-qing Zhu ◽  
Jun-hao Tan ◽  
Yu-hang He ◽  
Jin-guang Wang ◽  
Yi-Fei Li ◽  
...  

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