scholarly journals Evaluating scintillator performance in time-resolved hard X-ray studies at synchrotron light sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rutherford ◽  
David J. Chapman ◽  
Thomas G. White ◽  
Michael Drakopoulos ◽  
Alexander Rack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Pulse Duration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources

The short pulse duration, small effective source size and high flux of synchrotron radiation is ideally suited for probing a wide range of transient deformation processes in materials under extreme conditions. In this paper, the challenges of high-resolution time-resolved indirect X-ray detection are reviewed in the context of dynamic synchrotron experiments. In particular, the discussion is targeted at two-dimensional integrating detector methods, such as those focused on dynamic radiography and diffraction experiments. The response of a scintillator to periodic synchrotron X-ray excitation is modelled and validated against experimental data collected at the Diamond Light Source (DLS) and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). An upper bound on the dynamic range accessible in a time-resolved experiment for a given bunch separation is calculated for a range of scintillators. New bunch structures are suggested for DLS and ESRF using the highest-performing commercially available crystal LYSO:Ce, allowing time-resolved experiments with an interframe time of 189 ns and a maximum dynamic range of 98 (6.6 bits).

scholarly journals Short X-ray pulses from third-generation light sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Stepanov ◽  
C. P. Hauri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulse Emission ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources

High-brightness X-ray radiation produced by third-generation synchrotron light sources (TGLS) has been used for numerous time-resolved investigations in many different scientific fields. The typical time duration of X-ray pulses delivered by these large-scale machines is about 50–100 ps. A growing number of time-resolved studies would benefit from X-ray pulses with two or three orders of magnitude shorter duration. Here, techniques explored in the past for shorter X-ray pulse emission at TGLS are reviewed and the perspective towards the realisation of picosecond and sub-picosecond X-ray pulses are discussed.

Generation of picosecond electron bunches in storage rings

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobiao Huang ◽  
Thomas Rabedeau ◽  
James Safranek
Keyword(s):  
Storage Ring ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Bunches ◽  
Performance Challenges ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources ◽  
Srf Cavities

Approaches to generating short X-ray pulses in synchrotron light sources are discussed. In particular, the method of using a superconducting harmonic cavity to generate simultaneously long and short bunches in storage rings and the approach of injecting short bunches from a linac injector into a storage ring for multi-turn circulation are emphasized. If multi-cell superconducting RF (SRF) cavities with frequencies of ∼1.5 GHz can be employed in storage rings, it would be possible to generate stable, high-flux, short-pulse X-ray beams with pulse lengths of 1–10 ps (FWHM) in present or future storage rings. However, substantial challenges exist in adapting today's high-gradient SRF cavities for high-current storage ring operation. Another approach to generating short X-ray pulses in a storage ring is injecting short-pulse electron bunches from a high-repetition-rate linac injector for circulation. Its performance is limited by the microbunching instability due to coherent synchrotron radiation. Tracking studies are carried out to evaluate its performance. Challenges and operational considerations for this mode are considered.

scholarly journals Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2147) ◽  
pp. 20180241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Förster ◽  
Stefan Brandstetter ◽  
Clemens Schulze-Briese
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range

Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors have radically transformed basic research at synchrotron light sources since 2006. They excel at X-ray diffraction applications in the energy range from 2 to 100 keV. The main reasons for their superiority are the direct detection of individual photons and the accurate determination of scattering and diffraction intensities over an extremely high dynamic range. The detectors were first adopted in macromolecular crystallography where they revolutionized data collection. They were soon also used for small-angle scattering, coherent scattering, powder X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and increasingly high-energy applications. Here, we will briefly survey the history of HPC detectors, explain their technology and then show in detail how improved detection has transformed a wide range of experimental techniques. We will end with an outlook to the future, which will probably see HPC technology find even broader use, for example, in electron microscopy and medical applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities’.

A short-pulse X-ray beamline for spectroscopy and scattering

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1199
Author(s):  
R. Reininger ◽  
E. M. Dufresne ◽  
M. Borland ◽  
M. A. Beno ◽  
L. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central Cone ◽  
The Stability

Experimental facilities for picosecond X-ray spectroscopy and scattering based on RF deflection of stored electron beams face a series of optical design challenges. Beamlines designed around such a source enable time-resolved diffraction, spectroscopy and imaging studies in chemical, condensed matter and nanoscale materials science using few-picosecond-duration pulses possessing the stability, high repetition rate and spectral range of synchrotron light sources. The RF-deflected chirped electron beam produces a vertical fan of undulator radiation with a correlation between angle and time. The duration of the X-ray pulses delivered to experiments is selected by a vertical aperture. In addition to the radiation at the fundamental photon energy in the central cone, the undulator also emits the same photon energy in concentric rings around the central cone, which can potentially compromise the time resolution of experiments. A detailed analysis of this issue is presented for the proposed SPXSS beamline for the Advanced Photon Source. An optical design that minimizes the effects of off-axis radiation in lengthening the duration of pulses and provides variable X-ray pulse duration between 2.4 and 16 ps is presented.

scholarly journals The Time-resolved and Extreme-conditions XAS (TEXAS) facility at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: the energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline ID24

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pascarelli ◽  
O. Mathon ◽  
T. Mairs ◽  
I. Kantor ◽  
G. Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Exafs Spectrum ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Optical Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility has recently made available to the user community a facility totally dedicated to Time-resolved and Extreme-conditions X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy – TEXAS. Based on an upgrade of the former energy-dispersive XAS beamline ID24, it provides a unique experimental tool combining unprecedented brilliance (up to 1014 photons s−1on a 4 µm × 4 µm FWHM spot) and detection speed for a full EXAFS spectrum (100 ps per spectrum). The science mission includes studies of processes down to the nanosecond timescale, and investigations of matter at extreme pressure (500 GPa), temperature (10000 K) and magnetic field (30 T). The core activities of the beamline are centered on new experiments dedicated to the investigation of extreme states of matter that can be maintained only for very short periods of time. Here the infrastructure, optical scheme, detection systems and sample environments used to enable the mission-critical performance are described, and examples of first results on the investigation of the electronic and local structure in melts at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the Earth's interior and in laser-shocked matter are given.

scholarly journals X-ray reflectivity with a twist: Quantitative time-resolved X-ray reflectivity using monochromatic synchrotron radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 081904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howie Joress ◽  
Shane Q. Arlington ◽  
Timothy P. Weihs ◽  
Joel D. Brock ◽  
Arthur R. Woll
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monochromatic Synchrotron

scholarly journals A large-solid-angle X-ray Raman scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Huotari ◽  
Ch. J. Sahle ◽  
Ch. Henriquet ◽  
A. Al-Zein ◽  
K. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Electronic Excitations ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Spectroscopic Tool

An end-station for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described. This end-station is dedicated to the study of shallow core electronic excitations using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. The spectrometer has 72 spherically bent analyzer crystals arranged in six modular groups of 12 analyzer crystals each for a combined maximum flexibility and large solid angle of detection. Each of the six analyzer modules houses one pixelated area detector allowing for X-ray Raman scattering based imaging and efficient separation of the desired signal from the sample and spurious scattering from the often used complicated sample environments. This new end-station provides an unprecedented instrument for X-ray Raman scattering, which is a spectroscopic tool of great interest for the study of low-energy X-ray absorption spectra in materials under in situ conditions, such as in operando batteries and fuel cells, in situ catalytic reactions, and extreme pressure and temperature conditions.

Detector commissioning and development for PETRA-III

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pennicard ◽  
Heinz Graafsma ◽  
Michael Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synchrotron Light

The new synchrotron light source PETRA-III produced its first beam last year. The extremely high brilliance of PETRA-III and the large energy range of many of its beamlines make it useful for a wide range of experiments, particularly in materials science. The detectors at PETRA-III will need to meet several requirements, such as operation across a wide dynamic range, high-speed readout and good quantum efficiency even at high photon energies. PETRA-III beamlines with lower photon energies will typically be equipped with photon-counting silicon detectors for two-dimensional detection and silicon drift detectors for spectroscopy and higher-energy beamlines will use scintillators coupled to cameras or photomultiplier tubes. Longer-term developments include ‘high-Z’ semiconductors for detecting high-energy X-rays, photon-counting readout chips with smaller pixels and higher frame rates and pixellated avalanche photodiodes for time-resolved experiments.

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