scholarly journals Flexible sample cell for real-time GISAXS, GIWAXS and XRR: design and construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berlinghof ◽  
C. Bär ◽  
D. Haas ◽  
F. Bertram ◽  
S. Langner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Sample Cell ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Since the properties of functional materials are highly dependent on their specific structure, and since the structural changes, for example during crystallization, induced by coating and annealing processes are significant, the study of structure and its formation is of interest for fundamental and applied science. However, structure analysis is often limited to ex situ determination of final states due to the lack of specialized sample cells that enable real-time investigations. The lack of such cells is mainly due to their fairly complex design and geometrical restrictions defined by the beamline setups. To overcome this obstacle, an advanced sample cell has been designed and constructed; it combines automated doctor blading, solvent vapor annealing and sample hydration with real-time grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The sample cell has limited spatial requirements and is therefore widely usable at beamlines and laboratory-scale instruments. The cell is fully automatized and remains portable, including the necessary electronics. In addition, the cell can be used by interested scientists in cooperation with the Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics and is expandable with regard to optical secondary probes. Exemplary research studies are presented, in the form of coating of P3HT:PC61PM thin films, solvent vapor annealing of DRCN5T:PC71BM thin films, and hydration of supported phospholipid multilayers, to demonstrate the capabilities of the in situ cell.

An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Study of Block Copolymer Thin Films During Solvent Vapor Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Gu ◽  
Ilja Gunkel ◽  
Alexander Hexemer ◽  
Weiyin Gu ◽  
Thomas P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

scholarly journals Pathways of cylindrical orientations in PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymer thin films upon solvent vapor annealing

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 7753-7761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bhoje Gowd ◽  
Tadanori Koga ◽  
Maya K. Endoh ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar ◽  
Manfred Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Force Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Scanning Force ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Pathways that control the orientations of cylindrical microdomains formed in PS-b-P4VP thin films upon annealing in different solvent vapors were clarified using time-resolved in situ GISAXS and ex situ scanning force microscopy.

Feasible tuning of barrier energy in PEDOT:PSS/Bi2Te3 nanowires-based thermoelectric nanocomposite thin films through polar solvent vapor annealing

Nano Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 104207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Sik Kim ◽  
Gopinathan Anoop ◽  
Il-Seok Jeong ◽  
Hye Jeong Lee ◽  
Hyun Bin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Barrier Energy ◽  
Nanocomposite Thin Films ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

scholarly journals Widely Tunable Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films Through Solvent Vapor Annealing Using Mixtures of Selective Solvents

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3057-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Chavis ◽  
Detlef-M. Smilgies ◽  
Ulrich B. Wiesner ◽  
Christopher K. Ober
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Selective Solvents ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

scholarly journals Effects of Solvent Vapor Annealing on Morphology and Charge Transport of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Films Incorporated with Preformed P3HT Nanowires

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Mingu Jang ◽  
Yang-Il Huh ◽  
Mincheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Charge Carrier Mobility ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Molecular Ordering ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing ◽  
Influence Of Solvent

We systematically studied the influence of solvent vapor annealing on the molecular ordering, morphologies, and charge transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films embedded with preformed crystalline P3HT nanowires (NWs). Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with chloroform (CF) was found to profoundly impact on the structural and morphological changes, and thus on the charge transport characteristics, of the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films. With increased annealing time, the density of crystalline P3HT NWs was increased within the resultant films, and also intra- and intermolecular interactions of the corresponding films were significantly improved. As a result, the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films annealed with CF vapor for 20 min resulted in a maximized charge carrier mobility of ~0.102 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than that of pristine P3HT films by 4.4-fold (μ = ~0.023 cm2 V−1 s−1).

scholarly journals Temperature-Controlled Solvent Vapor Annealing of Thin Block Copolymer Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Cheng ◽  
Alexander Böker ◽  
Larisa Tsarkova
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Copolymer Films ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Solvent vapor annealing is as an effective and versatile alternative to thermal annealing to equilibrate and control the assembly of polymer chains in thin films. Here, we present scientific and practical aspects of the solvent vapor annealing method, including the discussion of such factors as non-equilibrium conformational states and chain dynamics in thin films in the presence of solvent. Homopolymer and block copolymer films have been used in model studies to evaluate the robustness and the reproducibility of the solvent vapor processing, as well as to assess polymer-solvent interactions under confinement. Advantages of utilizing a well-controlled solvent vapor environment, including practically interesting regimes of weakly saturated vapor leading to poorly swollen states, are discussed. Special focus is given to dual temperature control over the set-up instrumentation and to the potential of solvo-thermal annealing. The evaluated insights into annealing dynamics derived from the studies on block copolymer films can be applied to improve the processing of thin films of crystalline and conjugated polymers as well as polymer composite in confined geometries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document