scholarly journals Deep learning for improving non-destructive grain mapping in 3D

IUCrJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fang ◽  
E. Hovad ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
L. K. H. Clemmensen ◽  
B. Kjaer Ersbøll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Forward Simulation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Deep Learning Neural Network ◽  
Non Destructive

Laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT) is a novel imaging technique for non-destructive 3D characterization of grain structures. An accurate grain reconstruction critically relies on precise segmentation of diffraction spots in the LabDCT images. The conventional method utilizing various filters generally satisfies segmentation of sharp spots in the images, thereby serving as a standard routine, but it also very often leads to over or under segmentation of spots, especially those with low signal-to-noise ratios and/or small sizes. The standard routine also requires a fine tuning of the filtering parameters. To overcome these challenges, a deep learning neural network is presented to efficiently and accurately clean the background noise, thereby easing the spot segmentation. The deep learning network is first trained with input images, synthesized using a forward simulation model for LabDCT in combination with a generic approach to extract features of experimental backgrounds. Then, the network is applied to remove the background noise from experimental images measured under different geometrical conditions for different samples. Comparisons of both processed images and grain reconstructions show that the deep learning method outperforms the standard routine, demonstrating significantly better grain mapping.

Three Dimensional Characterization of Grain Structures by EBSP and 3DXRD

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer Hannesson ◽  
Dorte Juul Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Non Destructive

Grain structures in polycrystalline materials are typically three dimensional (3D) structures, but by far the most characterizations of grain structures are done by microscopy and are thus limited to 2D. In the present work 3D grain structures in a well-annealed cylindrical aluminium (AA1050) sample is characterized and analyzed. The characterization is done by 2 methods i) by non-destructive 3-dimensional x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) ii) by serial sectioning and subsequent EBSP mapping of entire circular 2D sample sections; 50 sections are mapped In total 333 grains are reconstructed. It is found that the 3D grain morphologies can be quite complex in particular for the larger grains, the number of neighbours varies significantly and values above 20 are not unusual. When the results from the 2 methods are compared, it is found that the crystallographic agreement is very good and within experimental uncertainties. Slightly more significant differences are found when the reconstructed grain morphologies are compared. Reasons for this are discussed.

scholarly journals A flexible and standalone forward simulation model for laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fang ◽  
D. Juul Jensen ◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Forward Simulation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Input Structure ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Non Destructive

Laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT) has recently been developed as a powerful technique for non-destructive mapping of grain microstructures in bulk materials. As the grain reconstruction relies on segmentation of diffraction spots, it is essential to understand the physics of the diffraction process and resolve all the spot features in detail. To this aim, a flexible and standalone forward simulation model has been developed to compute the diffraction projections from polycrystalline samples with any crystal structure. The accuracy of the forward simulation model is demonstrated by good agreements in grain orientations, boundary positions and shapes between a virtual input structure and that reconstructed based on the forward simulated diffraction projections of the input structure. Further experimental verification is made by comparisons of diffraction spots between simulations and experiments for a partially recrystallized Al sample, where a satisfactory agreement is found for the spot positions, sizes and intensities. Finally, applications of this model to analyze specific spot features are presented.

Non-destructive thickness characterization of Si based heterostructure by X-ray diffraction and reflectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Chao Liu ◽  
M. Myronov ◽  
A. Dobbie ◽  
Van H. Nguyen ◽  
D.R. Leadley
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Improved grain mapping by laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography

IUCrJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fang ◽  
D. Juul Jensen ◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Shape Reconstruction ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Forward Simulation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Iron Sample ◽  
Non Destructive

Laboratory diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT) is a novel technique for non-destructive imaging of the grain structure within polycrystalline samples. To further broaden the use of this technique to a wider range of materials, both the spatial resolution and detection limit achieved in the commonly used Laue focusing geometry have to be improved. In this work, the possibility of improving both grain indexing and shape reconstruction was investigated by increasing the sample-to-detector distance to facilitate geometrical magnification of diffraction spots in the LabDCT projections. LabDCT grain reconstructions of a fully recrystallized iron sample, obtained in the conventional Laue focusing geometry and in a magnified geometry, are compared to one characterized by synchrotron X-ray diffraction contrast tomography, with the latter serving as the ground truth. It is shown that grain indexing can be significantly improved in the magnified geometry. It is also found that the magnified geometry improves the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the reconstructed grain shapes. The improvement is shown to be more evident for grains smaller than 40 µm than for larger grains. The underlying reasons are clarified by comparing spot features for different LabDCT datasets using a forward simulation tool.

Non-Destructive Micro-Chemical and Micro-Luminescence Characterization of Jadeite

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mitrani Viggiano ◽  
José Luis Ruvalcaba Sil ◽  
Mayra D. Manrique Ortega ◽  
Victoria Corregidor Berdasco
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Nuclear Microprobe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractJadeite was greatly appreciated by pre-Hispanic cultures in Mesoamerica. Despite its importance, knowledge of its mining sources was lost after the Spanish conquest. In the 1950s the only confirmed jadeite deposits in Mesoamerica were found in the Motagua River Fault (MRF), Guatemala. The aim of this study is to present a methodology that is appropriate for the study of archeological jadeite objects using non-destructive spectroscopic and micro-ion beam analysis techniques. This methodology has been applied to perform mineral, elemental, and luminescence characterization of five jadeite samples from the MRF, with white, lilac, and green colors. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of jadeite, albite, and omphacite as the main mineral phases in the samples. Elemental maps using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) with a nuclear microprobe and elemental concentration analysis from individual mineral grains using micro-PIXE coupled with micro-ionoluminescence (IL) allowed the detection of minor feldspar, titanite, and grossular mineral contents. Distinctive features from the mineral, elemental, and luminescence characterization have been found that allow the identification of these five jadeite samples.

Local Orientation Measurements in 3D

2005 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Juul Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Kinetics Of

The 3 Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction (3DXRD) method is presented and its potentials illustrated by examples. The 3DXRD method is based on diffraction of high energy X-rays and allows fast and nondestructive 3D characterization of the local distribution of crystallographic orientations in the bulk. The spatial resolution is about 1x5x5 µm but diffraction from microstructural elements as small as 100 nm may be monitored within suitable samples. As examples of the use of the 3DXRD method, it is chosen to present results for complete 3D characterization of grain structures, in-situ “filming” of the growth of one interior grain during recrystallization, recrystallization kinetics of individual grains and crystallographic rotations of individual grains during tensile deformation.

Box-Scan: A Novel 3DXRD Method for Studies of Recrystallization and Grain Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 518-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Lyckegaard ◽  
Henning Friis Poulsen ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
Richard W. Fonda ◽  
Erik M. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Far Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Non Destructive

Within the last decade a number of x-ray diffraction methods have been presented for non-destructive 3D characterization of polycrystalline materials. 3DXRD [1] and Diffraction Contrast Tomography [2,3,4] are examples of such methods providing full spatial and crystallographic information of the individual grains. Both methods rely on specially designed high-resolution near-field detectors for acquire the shape of the illuminated grains, and therefore the spatial resolution is for both methods limited by the resolution of the detector, currently ~2 micrometers. Applying these methods using conventional far-field detectors provides information on centre of mass, crystallographic orientation and stress state of the individual grains [5], at the expense of high spatial resolution. However, far-field detectors have much higher efficiency than near-field detectors, and as such are suitable for dynamic studies requiring high temporal resolution and set-ups involving bulky sample environments (e.g. furnaces, stress-rigs etc.)

scholarly journals Multi-Approach Study Applied to Restoration Monitoring of a 16th Century Wooden Paste Sculpture

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Auxiliadora Gómez-Morón ◽  
Pilar Ortiz ◽  
Rocio Ortiz ◽  
Francesco Colao ◽  
Roberta Fantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectral Difference ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Restoration Monitoring ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Non Destructive

A multi-approach study has been designed to evaluate the mannerist-style masterpiece of the Christ of the Expiration (Museum Brotherhood, Seville, Spain), a polychrome wooden paste sculpture of the 16th Century that was restored in the Andalusian Historical Heritage Institute (IAPH). During its intervention, a combination of two non-destructive prototypes were used to evaluate the different color in its feet regarding its legs and torso and its cause. A portable equipment that combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to analyze chemical composition and mineralogical characterization of pigments. This equipment allowed obtaining simultaneously XRF and XRD at the same point without sampling. X-ray techniques identified cerussite, hydrocerussite and barite in different layers. The presence of zinc oxide from a recent restoration was also detected. Additionally, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was employed to assess the presence of different fluorescent compounds on the surface. This technique showed the use of acrylic products in the feet, loincloth and torso of Christ from previous restoration and allowed to detect spectral difference on the feet and a high ration of the acrylic product on feet, both could be the cause of the differential degradation between the feet and torso. This multi-approach study based on portable and non-destructive techniques allowed restoration monitoring and helped restorers to take decisions without sampling.

scholarly journals FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS X POR DISPERSÃO DE ENERGIA APLICADA À CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE TIJOLOS DE SÍTIOS HISTÓRICOS DE PERNAMBUCO

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Helen Jamil Khoury ◽  
Roberto Araújo ◽  
Sandra De Brito Barreto ◽  
Viviane Khoury Asfora
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Non Destructive

No presente trabalho são 1 apresentados os resultados de estudos por fluorescência de raios X de tijolos brasileiros. Neste estudo foram avaliados 22 tijolos, sendo sete de Igarassu, dois do Forte do Brum e 13 de Olinda. Um equipamento portátil de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia foi desenvolvido para este estudo. Análises por difração de raios X também foram efetuadas para determinar as fases cristalinas presentes nos tijolos. Os resultados mostraram a existência de fases minerais, como quartzo, em todos os tijolos avaliados. A Análise da Componente Principal foi aplicada aos dados dos espectros de fluorescência de raios X obtidos. Os resultados mostraram que a partir do gráfico de scores das componentes principais CP1 e CP3, respectivamente representadas pelo Fe e Ca, foi possível separar os tijolos de Igarassu e do Forte do Brum em cinco grupos, que estavam associados com o século de fabricação. Por sua vez, os tijolos de Olinda foram separados em dois grupos, sendo um formado por um único tijolo e o outro grupo pelos demais tijolos. Estes resultados sugerem que os tijolos foram produzidos com diferentes matérias primas ou em diferentes locais. ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE APPLIED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BRICKS OF PERNAMBUCO HISTORICAL SITESABSTRACTThis work presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of Brazilian bricks, collected from several historical sites of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. In this study, twenty two bricks were analyzed; seven from Igarassu, two from Forte do Brum in Recife, and thirteen from Olinda. A portable X-ray fluorescence system was assembled and used for the qualitative determination of the chemical elements present in the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the crystal mineral phases in the bricks. All the bricks studied showed several minerals, such as quartz A Principle Component Analysis was applied to the full X-ray fluorescence spectra. In the score plot of principal components PC1 and PC3, represented by Fe and Ca respectively, it can be seen that the results for the bricks from Igarassu and Forte do Brum may be grouped in five clusters corresponding to the bricks´ century and manufacture locations. The analysis of the Olinda bricks yielded two separate groups, one with a single brick and the second group with the other eleven bricks. These results suggest that the bricks were produced with different raw-materials or manufactured in different locations.KEYWORDS: non-destructive analysis; X-ray fluorescence; cultural heritage; bricks; X-ray diffraction.

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