Keterkaitan Antar Sektor dan Antar Wilayah dalam Perekonomian Provinsi Lampung: Analisis Data Tabel Inter Regional Input Output (IRIO) Tahun 2016

Provinsi Lampung merupakan provinsi yang memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dalam perekonomiannya, Provinsi Lampung memiliki potensi terutama di sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan serta industri pengolahan. Analisis ekonomi secara lebih komprehensif tidak hanya mengamati keterkaitan antar sektor ekonomi melainkan juga perlu mempertimbangkan keterkaitan antar wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perekonomian Provinsi Lampung bukan hanya dengan menganalisis keterkaitan antar sektornya, tetapi juga menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan wilayah lain di Indonesia. Model yang digunakan adalah analisis tabel Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO). Tabel IRIO yang digunakan berukuran 17 industri x 34 provinsi diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor kunci di Provinsi Lampung adalah industri pengolahan (C) serta pengadaan listrik dan gas (D). Sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas (D) memiliki nilai pengganda output terbesar baik terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Lampung maupun terhadap perekonomian nasional. Sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan (A) memiliki nilai pengganda NTB yang relatif paling besar baik terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Lampung maupun terhadap perekonomian nasional. Jika dilihat dari pola perdagangan input antaranya, perdagangan input antara Provinsi Lampung secara umum lebih didominasi oleh perdagangan dengan wilayah Pulau Jawa dibandingkan dengan Pulau Sumatera. Selanjutnya, apabila dilihat menurut provinsinya, Provinsi Lampung memiliki keterkaitan ke depan (forward linkage) dan keterkaitan ke belakang (backward linkage) paling erat dengan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan serta provinsi-provinsi di Pulau Jawa.

Analisis sektor unggulan perekonomian Indonesia: Model input-output

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan sektor ekonomi termasuk bagaimana keterkaitan masing-masing sektor tersebut mempengaruhi ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Tabel Input-Output Indonesia menurut Harga Dasar Klasifikasi 17 Sektor yang diagregasi menjadi 9 sektor. Metode analisis dilakukan menggunakan input-output model yang penghitungannya dibantu dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel. Dari penelitian, didapatkan bahwa sektor industri pengolahan memperlihatkan keterkaitan langsung kedepan dengan nilai tertinggi. Hal ini dapat ditafsirkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan sektor industri pengolahan dan memberikan makna bahwa basis perekonomian Indonesia saat ini bertumpu pada sektor industri pengolahan. Lebih jauh lagi, sektor industri pengolahan memiliki hubungan besar dengan sektor pertanian dimana sektor ini merupakan penyumbang input antara terbesar bagi sektor pertanian. Dengan demikian, kemajuan pada sektor industri pengolahan akan serta merta memajukan sektor pertanian sebagai multiplier efeknya.This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the forward and backward linkages of the any sector with others. The data used in this study were data from Indonesia Input-Output Table Domestic Transaction on the Basic Prices Classification of 17 sectors aggregated into 9 sectors obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics Republic of Indonesia (BPS). The method of analysis data was using the input-output model whose calculations assisted by Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that processing industry sector was a greatest total forward linkage. For that, we can say that economics growth in Indonesia still having processing industry as a leading sector. Further, this sector was having a big relationship with agricultural sector which contributed as a bigest input for agriculture. In conclusion, any development in processing industri sector will be develop agricultural sector as multiplyer effect.

Were the US workers in “essential” sectors well paid?

PurposeWhen the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seriously hit the USA, a lot of cities/states announced their lockdowns, in some cases forbidding employees to go to work. But workers in the so called “essential sectors” were exempt from the order, and on the contrary were required to remain on the job in order to maintain the services and functions considered vital to the community. If they have not been paid well in comparison to those in the other sectors, there would be a stronger case for granting them a special hazard pay during the pandemic. This paper aims to design a way to measure the “importance” or being “essential” of the different sectors in the economy, and then investigates whether the actual pay of the workers in these sectors is consistent with the measured importance.Design/methodology/approachAt least two policy issues emerged from such an arrangement: (1) How can one define the “essential sectors” objectively instead of the authorities preparing a list according to their administrative procedure? (2) How well have been the workers in the essential sectors paid before the pandemic strike? The concept of a revised Leontief forward linkage effect will be used in an input–output model to gauge the relative “importance” of the different sectors in the US economy. Then the measured importance will be compared with the average compensation of the employees in these sectors.FindingsIt is found that for some sectors such as agriculture, retail trade, and repair and installation of machinery and equipment the ratio of workers' compensation relative to the national average is substantially lower than the relative importance of the sectors employing them. That is, many of them have been substantially underpaid in spite of their importance.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of this study is limited to one country, the USA, but the methodology can be applied to other countries as well.Originality/valueThis study is an original research that contributes to an improved understanding of the importance of the workers engaged in different sectors in the USA during COVID-19.

Mining sector in the economic structure of South Kalimantan Province: direct and indirect impacts

Supporting sectors for sustainable economic development in a region can have a direct impact on GRDP and indirectly have an impact through strong backward and forward linkage to other economic sectors. Analysis of backward and forward linkages can be performed using input-output tables that describe the role of each sector in the regional economy. The abundance of coal resources in South Kalimantan Province makes the mining sector the largest contributor to GRDP. Coal is an export commodity that has a very large percentage of the total regional export value. The enormous impact on GRDP, both in terms of business fields and final demand, is not accompanied by strong linkages to other economic sectors. The existence of the mining sector is unable to stimulate production growth in the backward sector and is unable to fulfill the final demand of the forward sector. Restrictions on coal exports to fulfill domestic energy resource needs are able to make the mining sector of South Kalimantan Province a key sector to support sustainable regional economic development.

A Study to Compare the Production and Productivity of Rice Crop Between the BGREI Beneficiary Farmers and Non-Beneficiary Farmers in Odisha

India is marching ahead to face the enormous triple challenges of sustainable increased agriculture and allied sector productivity, maintaining environmental sustainability and mitigating poverty. More than 70% rural households depend on agriculture and the contribution of Agriculture and allied sectors to total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is 17%. The agriculture and allied sector not only meet the food and nutritional requirements of 1.3 billion Indian, it contributes significantly to production, employment and demand generation through various backward and forward linkage. To extend the benefit of first green revolution (1966-67) and to reduce the yield gap Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India programme was launched under RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) in 2010-11 comprising seven states namely Bihar, Eastern UP, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Chhatisgarh and West Bengal. There was a need for a second green revolution to feed the growing population. The present study was conducted during 2020-21 in two blocks namely Jamankira and Jujomura in Sambalpur district of Odisha to compare the production and productivity of rice crop between the BGREI beneficiary and non beneficiary farmers. During 2012-13 and 2013-14, the BGREI programme was extended to 22 districts of Odisha and National Rice Research Institute (previously CRRI), Cuttack, Odisha is the nodal agency to guide, supervise, monitor and supervise technical interventions. BGREI consists of the following interventions such as (i) Block demonstration (ii) Asset building (iii) Site specific activities (iv) Marketing support including post harvest management (v) Seed production and distribution (vi) Subsidy on need based inputs (vii) Training programme on cropping system based demonstration etc.

Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: Analysis of Policy Framework, Impact, and Potential

The paper examines the policy framework toward FDI including monetary and non-monetary incentives offered to attract FDI, analyzes the trend and sources of and the sectors attracting FDI inflows, and the potential for FDI in Bangladesh. The analysis is based on data collected both from primary and secondary sources. Major sectors attracting FDI include RMGs, power, textile and wearing, telecommunications, banking, gas, and petroleum. The analysis shows that fiscal/nonmonetary incentives alone and competitive advantage in factor endowment (cheap labor) are not enough to attract additional FDI into Bangladesh. The key is to adopt proactive policies for creating and maintaining an FDI-friendly business environment in the country Bangladesh. For attracting more FDI into Bangladesh, the efforts need to include, among others, increased infrastructure spending especially in digital architecture, creating functional one-stop investment service center, emphasis on skill training to facilitate technology transfer, targeted measures to attract FDI into backward and forward linkage industries, participation in regional and global value chains.

Economic Impact of Sugarcane in Inodonesia: An Input-Output Approach

Sugarcane revitalization is both a challenge and an opportunity in Indonesia. Demand for sugar tends to increase from year to year that fulfilled by domestic production and imports. Thus, it is necessary to increase domestic sugarcane competitiveness to balance national sugarcane production and consumption. This study’s objectives were (1) to determine the forward linkage and backward linkage of sugarcane in Indonesia, and (2) to know the output, income, and employment multiplier. The linkages and multipliers of sugarcane were calculated by the input-output analysis of 66 sectors from 1975 to 2005 by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Estimation values for 2010, 2015, and 2020 are obtained from the linear forecasting method. T-test was used to compare linkages and multipliers between sugarcane and the average of all sectors in the economy. The results showed that the backward linkage, output, and employment multiplier of sugarcane were lower than the average of all sectors in the economy. Besides, the forward linkage of sugarcane was equal, and the income multiplier was higher than the average of all sectors in the economy.

A Study of Linkage Effects and Environmental Impacts on Information and Communications Technology Industry between South Korea and USA: 2006–2015

This study examined the relationship among carbon dioxide emissions and linkage effects using Input–Output (IO) data of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry between South Korea and the USA. As we wanted to find out if the ICT industry, which the world is passionate about, is a sustainable industry. The linkage effects are analyzed to determine the impact of ICT industry on the national economy, and CO₂ emissions of the industry are analyzed to determine how much influence it has on air pollution. In addition, we classify ICT industry by ICT service and manufacturing industries as the key industries in Korea and the US. Data were collected from OECD ranging from 2006 to 2015 in order to quantitatively estimate backward linkage, forward linkage effect, and carbon dioxide emissions. The results indicated that ICT manufacturing industry in Korea has high backward and forward linkage effects. CO₂ emissions from ICT service is more than from ICT manufacturing in both Korea and the US. We wanted to find out if the ICT industry, which the world is passionate about, is a sustainable industry. As a contribution, ICT manufacturing and service industries in Korea and the United States are directly compared, and CO₂ emissions over 10 years are analyzed in a time series.

Measuring the contribution of specific cultural festival to growth of Nigeria’s GDP through average tourists spending

Tourists spending behaviours play major role in the potential of cultural festival to create forward linkage with other indicators of the gross domestic product (GDP). This study focused on evaluating tourists spending behaviour on the different types of cultural festivals in Nigeria to determine their direct, indirect and induced effect on each naira of direct sales and number of jobs supported. A total of 9,984 respondents were surveyed across six states (1,664 in each state). We employed Stynes fairly complete micro-computer-based system for estimating economic impacts of recreation and tourism; and the money generating model (MGM) in the data analysis, to estimate the direct and total sales, marginal earning on each naira (income) and employment effects of tourists’ spending on state and local government revenues. At α = 0.79 we found that earning on each naira of tourist spending at the Igue cultural festival Benin city, the Riye musical festival Abeokuta, the Ofala cultural festival Onitsha, Calabar carnival, Calabar, the Kwagh hir Masquerade festival Makurdi and the Arugungun fishing festival Gusau in that order added 61 kobo, 61 kobo, 62 kobo, 89 kobo, 30 kobo and 30kobo respectively in secondary effect or induced effect. In the same order, the multiplier effect of the spending supported 2 local jobs; 2,700 local jobs; 400 local jobs; 27,000 local jobs; 15 local jobs and 21,850 local jobs respectively in the respective states. The study recommends the need to measure tourists spending within well defined categories to identify not only the kinds of products and services being purchased and the types of businesses directly receiving these funds but to also identify the sectors receiving the spending. This is important as it ties changes in tourists spending to a regional economic model.