Strategic innovation and entrepreneurial ownership: an analysis using GEM data and fuzzy simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamala Kannan Dinesh ◽  
Sushil
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Technology Usage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeThis paper aims to study entrepreneurial ownership and technological input on product innovation globally and in the Indian context. The data used in this study is collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).Design/methodology/approachThe study evaluates strategic innovation and entrepreneurial ownership in global and country-level data. The study was extracted from global and country-level data by the GEM. One of the methods used is ordinal regression analysis to examine the importance of entrepreneurial ownership and technology usage on product innovation. Another technique used is the fuzzy-based simulation to simulate the scenario of entrepreneurial ownership and usage of technology in business processes impacting product innovation.FindingsResults from statistical analysis indicate that entrepreneurial ownership is high in India compared to the globe. The usage of technology and its excellence is still lower than the global level and in other countries. In India, product innovation is achieved because of strong entrepreneurial ownership but, globally product innovation is achieved because of the higher level of technological excellence and technology usage in innovation activities. The fuzzy-based simulation shows that product innovation is at peak only when both technological input and entrepreneurial ownership are high.Originality/valueThis paper's original contribution is that the fuzzy-based simulations are applied to GEM data to study the relationships of entrepreneurial ownership and technological input on product innovation through simulation. The study has shed light on how entrepreneurial ownership and usage of technology are influential in product innovation.

Product-level profitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-237
Author(s):  
Hannu Hannila ◽  
Joni Koskinen ◽  
Janne Harkonen ◽  
Harri Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Corporate Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse current challenges and to articulate the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based product portfolio management (PPM) based on commercial and technical product structures, critical business processes, corporate business IT and company data assets. Here, data assets were classified from a PPM perspective in terms of (product/customer/supplier) master data, transaction data and Internet of Things data. The study also addresses the supporting role of corporate-level data governance. Design/methodology/approach The study combines a literature review and qualitative analysis of empirical data collected from eight international companies of varying size. Findings Companies’ current inability to analyse products effectively based on existing data is surprising. The present findings identify a number of preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM, including mutual understanding of company products (to establish a consistent commercial and technical product structure), product classification as strategic, supportive or non-strategic (to link commercial and technical product structures with product strategy) and a holistic, corporate-level data model for adjusting the company’s business IT (to support product portfolio visualisation). Practical implications The findings provide a logical and empirical basis for fact-based, product-level analysis of product profitability and analysis of the product portfolio over the product life cycle, supporting a data-driven approach to the optimisation of commercial and technical product structure, business IT systems and company product strategy. As a virtual representation of reality, the company data model facilitates product visualisation. The findings are of great practical value, as they demonstrate the significance of corporate-level data assets, data governance and business-critical data for managing a company’s products and portfolio. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature by specifying the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM as a basis for product-level analysis and decision making, emphasising the role of company data assets and clarifying the links between business processes, information systems and data assets for PPM.

Three configurations of corporate innovation programs and their interplay

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kötting ◽  
Andreas Kuckertz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Best Fit

Purpose The success of corporate innovation is based less upon the success of a single innovation program than on a holistic and overarching corporate innovation system integrating various activities. Taking this perspective, the purpose of this paper is to extend existing research on the design of innovation programs. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing an inductive theory-building case study approach, this study provides a detailed analysis of how one of the largest and most successful German technology companies structures its many innovation activities. Findings The analysis identifies key elements of innovation programs and suggests three configurations that illustrate how these generic elements can be structured so as to offer the best fit with the underlying logic of the respective innovation program. Furthermore, this study highlights how the identified configurations come together to deliver overarching strategic innovation goals. Originality/value Existing research too often focuses solely on single innovation programs. The current research is among the first to take a holistic and overarching perspective, considering different innovation programs within a single company and analyzing their configuration and their interplay.

A model of foreign direct investment flows at the municipal level in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Okeahalam ◽  
Mark Dowdeswell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between South Africa's foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic fundamentals at the municipal level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a data set and an econometric model to analyze FDI flows at the municipal level in South Africa.FindingsThe empirical results derived from municipal level data support the findings in some of the established literature (which for the most part uses country‐level data) and indicates: that FDI tends to flow to areas with high factor (capital, labour and land) productivity; and that increases in higher labour productivity lead to higher investment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has used a cross‐section of municipalities. A further area of research would be to carry out a similar exercise with panel data.Practical implicationsThese findings indicate that FDI flows can be considered at the municipal level and this justifies the need for careful selection of the geographic basis for economic policy and development planning.Originality/valueWhereas most studies on FDI use country‐level data as standard geographic units of analysis, this paper analyzes FDI flows at the municipal level.

New ventures, product innovation and business intermediaries

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiqi Wu ◽  
Shengxiao Li ◽  
Huafeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation. Product innovation is a critical strategy for new ventures’ survival and growth. However, as a result of smallness and newness, new ventures usually face considerable difficulties in product innovation and require support to help their innovation search and innovation activities. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey of 145 Chinese new ventures is used to test presented hypotheses empirically. Findings – This study finds that the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties has a positive influence on innovation, while the diversity of KIBS intermediary ties has no influence on new ventures’ product innovation. Moreover, the relationship between the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties and new ventures’ product innovation is moderated by the degree of their international venturing and ties with other firms. Originality/value – This study enriches understanding of the important roles of KIBS intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation.

The determinants of ESG in the banking sector of MENA region: a trend or necessity?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim El Khoury ◽  
Nohade Nasrallah ◽  
Bahaaeddin Alareeni
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Purpose As reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) information is not yet mandatory in all countries, it is intriguing to understand ESG’s underlying driving mechanisms. This study aims to investigate ESG determinants in the banking sector of the Middle East and North Africa countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors gather data for 38 listed banks for the period 2011–2019. The data used is threefold as follows: data related to ESG; firm-level; and country-level data. While ESG and firm’s level data are taken from Refinitiv, country-level data are extracted from the World Bank. Using panel regression, the authors test the effect of firm- and country-specific variables on the overall ESG score and its pillars. Findings Results indicate that banks’ ESG scores are negatively affected by performance and positively affected by size. The level of economic development exerts a negative impact on the environmental pillar while the social development exerts a positive impact on ESG and governance pillar. Corruption is the only country-level that gathers a homogenous effect on ESG scores. Finally, the three pillars follow heterogeneous patterns. Originality/value This study extends the scope of previous studies by introducing new country-level independent variables to contribute to the understanding of ESG antecedents.

Societal self-control and post-exit entrepreneurial intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Gem Data

PurposeThe study examines the role that societal levels of self-control – behavioral and cognitive self-control – play in shaping entrepreneurial intentions after both favorable and unfavorable prior exits.Design/methodology/approachUsing Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data set on the nature of entrepreneurial exits from 32 countries between 2007 and 2010 and supplementing this data set with country-level scores of behavioral and cognitive self-controls, the authors test five hypotheses on the effects of societal levels of self-control on post-exit entrepreneurial intentions.FindingsThe study finds that individuals who exit entrepreneurship for negative reasons (versus positive reasons) are more likely to form entrepreneurial intentions. Further, societal levels of self-control moderate this likelihood.Originality/valueThe study invokes the psychological construct of self-control in the context of entrepreneurship. The novelty lies in rendering self-control as also a higher order societal level construct and then also empirically testing the role that societal self-control plays in shaping entrepreneurial intentions after prior exits. Societal self-control accounts for cross-country variance in why individuals in some societies are better suited and capable to return to entrepreneurship despite unfavorable prior exits.

Speed leaders and quality champions

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongyang Leng ◽  
Zhiying Liu ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jiangang Pang
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Product Innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a concept of an alignment between market and technology orientations (MTs) and investigates the difference in new product innovation activities and performance among the four groups of high-tech firms which are classified into four categories labeled as MT, technology orientation (TO), market orientation (MO) and conservative (CO) firms. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 360 high-tech firms in China. MANOVA was used to identify whether or not new product innovation activities (i.e. timing of market entry and product quality) and performance vary across the four groups. Findings – The results indicate that the four groups of firms significantly differ with respect to new product performance and with new product innovation activities pertaining to timing of market-entry strategy and product quality. Further, the results show that first, MT firms have highest new product performance; second, TO firms are speed leaders which have first-to-market with new product; and third, MO firms are quality champions which are best for the perceived new product quality. Originality/value – This paper responds to call for synthetic studies of multiple orientations and cross-disciplinary research, especially in the areas of marketing and strategic management. This paper is the first to integrate MO and TO and examine the interactive effects of these two orientations on new product innovation. Against prior study believing the combination of strategic orientations play an important role in innovation management, the findings that TO firms are speed leaders and MO firms are quality champions suggest that the combination of different strategic orientations is not beneficial to all respects of new product innovation, such as timing of market-entry strategy and product quality.

Chinese entrepreneurship attributes: a comparative GEM data analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mine Cinar ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Tyler Hienkel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chaid Analysis ◽  
Predictor Importance ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare influential factors of entrepreneurial activities over time in China and to compare China with other selected countries. The data are collected from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The method used is decision trees and chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis, which isolates important factors and examines entrepreneurship predictor importance. Design/methodology/approach The method used is decision trees and CHAID analysis which isolate important factors and examine entrepreneurship predictor importance. The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time where artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups and used across countries for comparative purposes. It is also the first application of this model to Chinese GEM. CHAID trees and predictor importance show the value of motivations of people who have already started businesses and shed light on how public policy can be influential in promoting entrepreneurship. Findings Results indicate that solid knowledge and skills of how to start a business and knowing someone who has already started a business are the most important factors in China and in most of the selected countries. Fear of failure is becoming less important for Chinese entrepreneurs over the years from 2003 to 2012. Results show that countries, including China, have to enhance skill and knowledge education if they want to promote small business entrepreneurship as a policy. The findings support human capital theory. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study are due to using aggregated data from GEM surveys, which do not allow the authors to examine individual or household behavior. The authors do not know the variance and the distribution of responses to the questions asked and the locations in which the surveys were conducted. Another limitation is that GEM data do not report regional variations which can be modeled. For future work, the authors suggest more detailed data availability which will lead to isolating entrepreneurial problems and highlighting relevant attitudes important to entrepreneurs. Practical implications Better data collection is needed at household and regional levels to understand business starts and to promote entrepreneurship. Social implications Social implication of this research is to find out effective ways to increase entrepreneurial activities, therefore creating job opportunities and boosting economic growth. Educational programs will also decrease disparity of opportunity and incomes between different geographical regions in the country. The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups across countries. Originality/value The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time where artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups and used across countries for comparative purposes. It is also the first application of this model to Chinese GEM. CHAID trees and predictor importance show the value of motivations of people who have already started businesses and shed light on how public policy can be influential in promoting entrepreneurship. This research modeled the breakdown of reasons people would start a business by using GEM data surveys.

How does the globalization of firms affect corruption in developing economies?

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokyeong Park ◽  
Onon Khanoi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms’ characteristics related to globalization affect their perception on corruption and actual experiences in bribery. It focuses on two indicators of globalization, namely, foreign ownership and export, and confines the scope to developing economies. Design/methodology/approach This analysis uses firm-level data with observation over 60,000 collected from 94 developing economies. The paper employs the probit model to examine how firm characteristics related to globalization affect corruption perception (CP) and incidence. Findings The empirical results reveal that for foreign-invested companies, there is a substantial discrepancy between the perceived corruption and the actual. Although they are involved in bribery as frequently as, or less frequently than local firms, they have greater CPs. Exporting firms are more frequently solicited for bribes, but the effect disappears when time spent for government contact is controlled for. Consequently, foreign investment partly contributes to the corruption control, but the export orientation of firms rather aggravates corruption due to regulative environments in developing economies. Practical implications This study provides policy implications that the corruption control through globalization requires streamlining of administration procedure related to foreign investment or trade and, thus, shortening time to deal with public officials. In addition, governments need to emphasize the importance of foreign investment and prevent unethical practices mediated by local partners. Originality/value The greatest novelty of this paper lies in using firm level data instead of country level unlike most of the literature. Moreover, the authors focus on firms only in developing economies. As well, unlike most studies using only perception indicators as the proxy of corruption, this paper considers both CPs and actual incidence, and compares each other.

Innovation performance of Chilean firms, a bivariate probit analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naqeeb Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Patent Application ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Micro Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the innovation activities of Chilean firms by using micro-level data. Design/methodology/approach Micro-level data have been obtained from the World Bank, Enterprise Survey on 696 Chilean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Bivariate probit estimation method has been used. Findings The results showed that SMEs are less likely to apply for patents and introduce product innovations. This outcome indicates that Chilean SMEs face resource constraint in terms of introducing product innovations and applying for patents. In addition, SMEs undertaking research and development (R&D) and making network ties with other research institutions are more likely to introduce patents and product innovations. Similarly, SMEs that are engaged in quality programs are more likely to spend on patents. Lastly, SMEs with public support for innovation activities positively influence the patent application. Research limitations/implications Findings imply that SMEs investment in knowledge-based assets (e.g. R&D, networks and quality methods) accelerate their innovation output. Policy makers should not only provide financial incentives (R&D subsidies) to SMEs but also encourage their strong ties with research institutions for higher innovation output. Originality/value Previous studies showed research gap related to micro-level analysis of the Chilean SMEs. For the first time, multiple proxies have been used as dependent variables (product/process innovations and patent application/spending), which is neglected by the past studies.

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