Chinese entrepreneurship attributes: a comparative GEM data analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mine Cinar ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Tyler Hienkel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chaid Analysis ◽  
Predictor Importance ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare influential factors of entrepreneurial activities over time in China and to compare China with other selected countries. The data are collected from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The method used is decision trees and chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis, which isolates important factors and examines entrepreneurship predictor importance. Design/methodology/approach The method used is decision trees and CHAID analysis which isolate important factors and examine entrepreneurship predictor importance. The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time where artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups and used across countries for comparative purposes. It is also the first application of this model to Chinese GEM. CHAID trees and predictor importance show the value of motivations of people who have already started businesses and shed light on how public policy can be influential in promoting entrepreneurship. Findings Results indicate that solid knowledge and skills of how to start a business and knowing someone who has already started a business are the most important factors in China and in most of the selected countries. Fear of failure is becoming less important for Chinese entrepreneurs over the years from 2003 to 2012. Results show that countries, including China, have to enhance skill and knowledge education if they want to promote small business entrepreneurship as a policy. The findings support human capital theory. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study are due to using aggregated data from GEM surveys, which do not allow the authors to examine individual or household behavior. The authors do not know the variance and the distribution of responses to the questions asked and the locations in which the surveys were conducted. Another limitation is that GEM data do not report regional variations which can be modeled. For future work, the authors suggest more detailed data availability which will lead to isolating entrepreneurial problems and highlighting relevant attitudes important to entrepreneurs. Practical implications Better data collection is needed at household and regional levels to understand business starts and to promote entrepreneurship. Social implications Social implication of this research is to find out effective ways to increase entrepreneurial activities, therefore creating job opportunities and boosting economic growth. Educational programs will also decrease disparity of opportunity and incomes between different geographical regions in the country. The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups across countries. Originality/value The original contribution of this paper is that this is the first time where artificial decision trees are applied to data to isolate factors that influence business startups and used across countries for comparative purposes. It is also the first application of this model to Chinese GEM. CHAID trees and predictor importance show the value of motivations of people who have already started businesses and shed light on how public policy can be influential in promoting entrepreneurship. This research modeled the breakdown of reasons people would start a business by using GEM data surveys.

ManAGEment: the challenges of global age diversity for corporations and governments

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Mahon ◽  
Carla C.J.M. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Corporate Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Global Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the challenges, worldwide of managing an aging workforce. The paper offers suggestions for public policy and for individual organizational approaches to developing, managing and motivating an aging workforce. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews in depth international literature, public policies and corporate policies that deal with an aging workforce. Findings – In virtually every nation in the world, society is aging and the costs to society – on multiple dimensions demand organizational action and changes in public policy. For the first time in recorded history the number of people aged 65+ will exceed those 15 and under starting in 2015. It is also predicted that those 80+ will be greater than those under 15 in Europe by 2060. Originality/value – This paper explores the impact of a worldwide aging society on the management of organizations and the demands that this aging will place on public policy. It addresses the profound impacts of changing dependency ratios on nations and on their future competitiveness.

Whether analogue countries exhibit similar women entrepreneurial activities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Junaid ◽  
Zheng He ◽  
Amit Yadav ◽  
Lydia Asare-Kyire
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Gem Data

Purpose While there are many studies on the impacts of formal institutions such as government financial supporting and tax preferential policies on women entrepreneurial entry, few attempted to explore how informal institutions causes cross-country differences in women entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether countries (Pakistan and Malaysia) with similar religious belief, political system and government policies exhibits similar level of women entrepreneurial activity from an informal institutional perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study used Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data for the years 2010–2012 and employed probit regression analysis to examine the impacts of cultural-cognitive and social-normative institutions on women entrepreneurial activity. Findings The findings reveal profound differences of women’s entrepreneurial activities between Pakistan and Malaysia. While cultural-cognitive dimension shows substantial impact for both nations, social-normative dimension explains the main differences in women’s entrepreneurial activity. Practical implications This study proposes that policymakers may craft policies to enhance women skills, knowledge and networking as well as positive societal attitudes to foster women entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value This study shows that countries with the same religion and similar formal institutions can also exhibit different level of women entrepreneurial activity. In Pakistan, the negative societal attitudes in the form of deep rooted traditional beliefs as well as misinterpreted religious concepts for women role create formidable challenges and inhibit business opportunities for them. By contrast, favorable social perception and societal attitudes in Malaysia encourage women to pursue their entrepreneurial activities.

Cultural dimensions and moral reasoning: a comparative study

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 335-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Joseph Wilhelm ◽  
Panom Gunawong
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Copyright Holder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time

Purpose – Moral reasoning research in Western cultures is grounded primarily in Kohlbergian cognitive moral theory. Enumerable investigations about the psychological determinants and cultural dimensions of moral reasoning have provided significant insights about Western decision making and contributed to Western organizational behavioral theory. However, inquiry about these same constructs and how they may interact with moral reasoning in non-Western Southeast Asian trading partner countries has not provided comparable insights. The purpose of this paper is to remedy that by comparing predominant cultural dimensions to levels of moral reasoning in student and graduate populations in Thailand and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The Defining Issues Test (DIT) measurement of moral reasoning (Rest et al., 1999) and the Values Survey Module (VSM) 2013 (Hofstede and Minkov, 2013) were translated for the first time into Thai, pilot tested, and used to gather cultural and moral reasoning data in Thailand. The same English version instruments were used to gather comparable data among similarly matched US samples. Comparisons are presented in this paper, and differences in approaches to moral decision making are discussed. Findings – Findings indicate that there are both significant psychological and cultural differences between the two nations that affect moral reasoning. Predominant status quo moral reasoning predominates in Thailand, while a polarity between self-interest moral reasoning and higher level abstract idealistic moral reasoning predominates in the USA. Potential cultural influences on these moral reasoning tendencies are discussed. Research limitations/implications – While findings can be generalized to the sample populations of Thai and US undergraduate students and graduate students who are in the workplace, the considerable time required to complete the two survey instruments precluded inclusion of higher level, veteran managers and public policy administrators in the study. Alternative survey methods need to be developed for investigating these subjects in order to make the combined findings more robust and widely generalizable. Practical implications – Careful attention to cultural and linguistic variables provided for thorough and effective first-time translations of the DIT and the VSM 2013 from English into the Thai language. These two instruments are now available to other researchers who wish to investigate cultural dimensions and moral reasoning through other research designs. The Thai-version DIT can be obtained from the copyright holder, Center for the Study of Ethical Development (http://ethicaldevelopment.ua.edu/). The Thai-version of the VSM can be obtained through the Geert Hofstede website (www.geerthofstede.nl/). Social implications – These findings can help researchers in Western and non-Western countries to better understand the foundations upon which moral reasoning in the two countries is grounded, and can provide insights about how individuals in quite different cultures perceive ethical dilemmas in the workplace and public arena and attempt to solve them. The findings also serve as another entry point for business managers and public policy administrators to not only better understand organizational behavior as regards ethical decision making, but general decision making as well. Originality/value – This is the first research study comparing cultural dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede and Michael Minkov as measured by the VSM 2013 to moral reasoning as measured by the DIT.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems quality and productive entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial attitude as a mediator in early-stage and high-growth activities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mukiza Kansheba ◽  
Andreas Erich Wald
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Gem Data

PurposeThis study examines the mediation effects of entrepreneurial attitudes (EAs) on the nexus of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) quality and productive entrepreneurship for early-stage and high-growth entrepreneurial activities.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) panel data of 137 economies from 2014 to 2018. Random effect panel regressions and relative effect size estimations were used for data analysis.FindingsThe study’s findings show complementary mediation effects suggesting that EE quality steers entrepreneurial activities via the EA. However, such mediation is much more vivid towards high growth than early-stage activities. Vibrant EEs provide necessary resources that boost the attitude of potential and nascent entrepreneurs to engage in early stage and high-growth entrepreneurial activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study utilizes GEM data to explain the EEs and EA dynamics and their related effects on entrepreneurship at the macro level. Future research may study the phenomena by using micro level data.Originality/valueThe paper explores a less empirically researched question on how EEs steer entrepreneurship growth and development. It reveals a need for new perspectives/logics (e.g. mediation/moderation) for improving the explanations on the extant EEs framework. It further informs policymakers and practitioners to design entrepreneur-centred EE policies and programs.

Did the context of economic crisis affect the image of Portugal as a tourist destination?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Costa ◽  
João Gomes ◽  
Mónica Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time ◽  
Single Publication ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose – This paper aims to introduce the articles in this issue and explain the pertinence of the strategic question. Design/methodology/approach – A brief context for the strategic question is provided, as well as the issue alignment and a content analysis of the articles selected. Findings – A contextualization for the economic crisis affecting Portugal is presented and its impact on the Tourism Industry discussed. The articles range from a series of research studies on Portuguese Tourism, demonstrating its evolution over the past three years (2011-2013), and various viewpoint/position papers reflecting the perspectives of the main stakeholders of this industry and how they analyze the context of crisis that is affecting the country since 2010. Research limitations/implications – The articles selected for this issue contribute to shed light on an important phase of Portugal’s history, allowing for an understanding of the impacts of the financial crisis on domestic tourism and sectors such as restaurants and hotels, as well as the government’s perspective on the evolution of the industry over past three years. The information presented and analysed reveals some interesting lessons, namely, that a financial crisis may not affect directly the growth and development of the tourism industry. Originality/value – The present theme issue analysis the context of financial crisis that Portugal is facing and brings together, for the first time in a single publication, the views of major stakeholders of the Portuguese Tourism Industry.

Through the lens of choreographic process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Scott deLahunta ◽  
Jordan Beth Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Audience Studies ◽  
Dance Studies ◽  
Dance Company ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Reflective Study ◽  
First Time

PurposeThis article aims to bring together and demonstrate overlaps in three different areas of reflexive research concerned variously with audiences for contemporary dance. These are: 1) artists reflecting on their own creative process and engaging other researchers in doing so, generating new insights and language as a result; 2) humanities-based dance studies and a small number of dance scholars reflecting on this “process turn” in dance; and 3) the field of empirical audience studies, drawing on a single study specifically interested in access to creative process. The goal is to propose how these areas might coexist and mutually inform each other.Design/methodology/approachThe approach develops a three-fold framework where the multiple definitions and examples of reflexive research in dance-making processes coexist. It draws systematically on a detailed example of one self-reflective study conducted by a dance company into creative process, on new scholarly writing on the “process turn” in dance research and written analysis of a unique audience research project as well as related literature.FindingsIn conclusion, the article suggests that in whatever combination of different research approaches, empirical evidence is increasingly important. This risks tipping the balance towards a more utilitarian understanding, particularly in the area of audience studies. It is possible to counterbalance this with approaches from artists and scholars interested in understanding arrived at through reflexive study of creative practice.Originality/valueThe original contribution is to bring these three areas together for the first time to expose difference and overlaps and suggest that challenges of understanding (in a non-utilitarian form) could be mitigated through more systematic dialogue between them, such as presented here.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intentions: a bibliometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Ruiz-Alba ◽  
Vanesa F. Guzman-Parra ◽  
José Roberto Vila Oblitas ◽  
Javier Morales Mediano
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bibliometric Studies ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify the main authors, the main influential universities doing research on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), the main subject areas and the main productive academic journals on this topic. This paper also aims to shed light on the current knowledge and contributions to the field, in particular co-authorships, co-words, research topics and cluster of themes.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on bibliometric techniques using mapping and clustering. The study has been conducted on 377 articles published in journals indexed in the Scopus database for a period of almost 24 years, that is, from 1 January 1993 to 8 July 2016. VOSviewer software was used to conduct the analysis.FindingsFindings highlight the top authors, the ranking of the main journals and universities doing research in the field of EIs. Another relevant contribution is the identification and classification of main research streams and gaps that have been highlighted.Originality/valueThis paper is an attempt to clarify the state of the research study and to analyse the progress of the studies on EIs and to elaborate bibliometric studies that help to give some order to the variety of sources. This is helpful for new researchers approaching EIs for the first time and also for those who are familiar with the field.

Strategic innovation and entrepreneurial ownership: an analysis using GEM data and fuzzy simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamala Kannan Dinesh ◽  
Sushil
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Technology Usage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeThis paper aims to study entrepreneurial ownership and technological input on product innovation globally and in the Indian context. The data used in this study is collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).Design/methodology/approachThe study evaluates strategic innovation and entrepreneurial ownership in global and country-level data. The study was extracted from global and country-level data by the GEM. One of the methods used is ordinal regression analysis to examine the importance of entrepreneurial ownership and technology usage on product innovation. Another technique used is the fuzzy-based simulation to simulate the scenario of entrepreneurial ownership and usage of technology in business processes impacting product innovation.FindingsResults from statistical analysis indicate that entrepreneurial ownership is high in India compared to the globe. The usage of technology and its excellence is still lower than the global level and in other countries. In India, product innovation is achieved because of strong entrepreneurial ownership but, globally product innovation is achieved because of the higher level of technological excellence and technology usage in innovation activities. The fuzzy-based simulation shows that product innovation is at peak only when both technological input and entrepreneurial ownership are high.Originality/valueThis paper's original contribution is that the fuzzy-based simulations are applied to GEM data to study the relationships of entrepreneurial ownership and technological input on product innovation through simulation. The study has shed light on how entrepreneurial ownership and usage of technology are influential in product innovation.

Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
A. S. Bik-Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

[I] ‘did write this Wyll with my own hand’

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markidou
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Early Modern London ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

This article attempts for the first time to shed light on the politics of simulation and dissimulation in Isabella Whitney’s ‘Wyll and Testament’. It also argues that the poem both reflects its creator’s awareness of the celebrated English historical and topographical narratives and deviates from them by crucially omitting a seminal part of London’s history, namely its Troynovant tradition. In so doing, as well as by defining a paradoxical urban landscape, Whitney presents a tale not of the (mythic) founding of the English capital with its patriarchal and nation-building connotations, but of its (satiric) bequeathal by benevolent femininity, as such offering its reader a different angle from which to explore and interpret early modern London.

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