scholarly journals Cooperation in R&D, firm size and type of partnership

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Raquel Badillo ◽  
Francisco Llorente Galera ◽  
Rosina Moreno Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Simultaneous Choice ◽  
External Actors ◽  
National Governments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse cooperation in R&D in the automobile industry in Spain. It first examines to what extent firms cooperate with external actors in the field of technological innovation, and if so, with what type of cooperation partner, paying special attention to the differentiation according to the size of the firms. Second, it aims to study how the firm’s size may affect not only the decision of cooperating but also with which type of partner. Design/methodology/approach The data in this study came from the surveys done in 2010 and 2013 by the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) for firms in the automotive industry. The paper estimates a bivariate probit model that takes into account the two types of cooperation mostly present in such an industry, vertical and institutional, explicitly considering the interdependencies that may arise in their simultaneous choice. Findings The empirical study confirms that small firms cooperate less frequently than big firms and that giving more importance to information publicly available and having public financial support from local and national governments are important determinants of collaboration agreements, mainly in the case of customers and suppliers. Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of the motivations of the automotive industry for engaging in R&D cooperation agreements. The authors study how the firm’s size may affect not only the decision of cooperating but also with which type of partner.

Maruti’s Nexa – enhancing customer experience beyond buying

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-512
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Kaushik ◽  
Geetha Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Store Environment

Research methodology The case collates secondary data pertaining to Maruti’s current position, Nexa, the premium retail sales channel of Maruti, and recent developments in the Indian automobile industry. It presents the facts and data published on websites, newspapers and magazines in the form of a case study. Case overview/synopsis Nexa was launched by Maruti in 2015 to enhance the buying experience of its premium customers and to re-position itself as a premium brand. It started offering customized services to car purchasers through its well-trained employees, attractive store environment and omni channel experience. Through all these facilities, though Nexa had a bumpy ride for selling its first product, it managed to pace up and perform better in the next few years. It remained to be seen how Maruti would handle competitor and cost challenges and how it would strategize its efforts to strengthen its footprint in the Indian automotive industry. Complexity academic level This case can be used in retail management, sales and distribution management, marketing management and related courses/modules at the master’s level.

Was it worth it? An empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Doctoral Graduates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Econometric Analyses

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of factors associated with over-education among PhD graduates in Italy. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation is based on recently released data collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics by means of interviews with a large sample of PhD recipients, carried out a few years after they obtained their PhD degree. The author measured the mismatch between the current job and previous PhD studies using two direct subjective evaluations of over-education, which distinguish between the usefulness of the PhD title to get the current job position and to perform the current work activities. Even if the incidence of over-education varies according to the measurement applied, the author found that it is highly widespread among PhD recipients. The econometric analyses are aimed at identifying factors associated with over-education and are based on the standard probit model and the bivariate probit model with sample selection which allows to control for self selection into employment. Findings – The results show that over-education is significantly correlated with: first, a number of PhD-related variables, such as the scientific field of study, having attended courses or visiting periods abroad; second, some job-related characteristics, such as working in the academia or being mainly involved in research-related activities; third, the channel of access to the job; and fourth, residential location. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature focusing on job-education mismatch by providing, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy; moreover, it provides some useful insights to evaluate the professional doctoral graduates in Italy.

scholarly journals Capital market penalties to radical and incremental innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stefan Hain ◽  
Jesper Lindgaard Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Negative Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how access to financing for incremental as well as radical innovation activities is affected by firm-specific structural and behavioral characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Deploying a two-stage Heckman probit model on survey data spanning the period 2000–2013 and covering 1,169 firms, this paper analyzes the effect of a firm’s engagement in incremental and radical innovation on its likelihood to get constrained in their access to external finance, and how this effect is moderated by the firm’s age and size. Findings In line with earlier research, it is confirmed that the type of innovation matters for the access to external finance, but in a more nuanced way than generally portrayed. While incremental innovation activities have little negative effect on the access to external finance, radical innovation activities tend to be penalized by capital markets. This effect appears to be particularly strong for small firms. Originality/value This paper provides nuanced insights into the interplay between types of firm-level innovation activities, structural characteristic and access to external finance.

Employment and skill mismatch among youth in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1438-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan Dibeh ◽  
Ali Fakih ◽  
Walid Marrouch
Keyword(s):  
Probit Model ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Mismatch Problem ◽  
Work Transition

PurposeEmployment and skill mismatch among youth constitute a major obstacle for access to the job market in the Middle East and North African region. The purpose of this paper is to explore factors explaining employment and the perception of the skill-mismatch problem among the youth in Lebanon using a novel data set covering young people aged from 15 to 29. The paper provides a set of empirical insights that help in the design of public policy targeting school-to-work transition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors control for a rich set of youth and household characteristics to jointly estimate the probability of being employed and the likelihood of reporting a skill-mismatch problem. The empirical analysis uses a bivariate probit model where the first equation estimates the employment status while the second estimates the determinants of skill-mismatch perceptions. The bivariate probit model considers the error terms in both equations to be correlated and the model tests for such a correlation. The authors estimate the model recursively by controlling for the employment dummy variable in the skill-mismatch equation since employed youth could be more or less likely to perceive the skill mismatch. The estimation is conducted first over the whole sample of youth, and then it is implemented by gender and region.FindingsThe authors find that youth employment is mainly correlated with age, being male, being single, having received vocational training and financial support from parents, living with parents and receiving current education. The skill-mismatch perceptions are mainly driven by being male, being single, having received post-secondary education and belonging to upper and middle social classes. The authors also find that employability level and skill-mismatch problems are jointly determined in the labor market for males and in the core region only.Originality/valueThe paper covers a country that is neglected in the literature on the employment-skill mismatch nexus in the context of school-to-work transition. The study also uses a novel data set focusing on youth. The paper contributes to our understanding of the school-to-work transition in particular and to the youth-to-adulthood transition in general.

Influence of technological innovation on performance of small manufacturing companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 838-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davinder Singh ◽  
J.S. Khamba ◽  
Tarun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine various technological innovation influencers (TIIs) in small manufacturing firms. It introduces a study framework of technological innovation and evaluates the relevance of four TIIs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Indian firms. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on an in-depth survey of 135 firms located in India’s Northern region. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between TIIs and manufacturing firm performance (MFP) for these firms. Findings The findings verify that entrepreneurial capability, technology infrastructure capability and government initiatives are the most important TIIs for small firms. The findings are also validated by using statistical t-test and canonical correlation analysis. Research limitations/implications This study uses a single informant as the source of information on each firm. The study is limited to small-scale firms in the Northern region of India. Also, the study has been conducted excluding the service sector. Originality/value Recent studies have advocated various TIIs and discussed their impact on MFP. This paper examines the determinants of technological innovation in small manufacturing firms. It introduces a study framework of technological innovation and examines the relevance of four TIIs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Indian firms.

Stock price discreteness and clustering: decimals and ordered probit model

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Haksoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Ordered Probit Model ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to revisit the ordered probit model of Hausman et al. after the NYSE decimalization. Design/methodology/approach – The changed ordered probit model. Findings – The model can somewhat capture the different impact of trading-related “explanatory” variables on price changes among three different decimals but does not explain much about price discreteness and irregular transaction intervals among the existing models of stock price discreteness. Overall 1/16th and 1/24th range of the dependent variable is better explained by trading-related explanatory variables than 1/8th range of the dependent variable for small firms and there is not much difference in large firms among three decimals. The results imply that finer specification in decimalization and smaller firm size matters in trading after the decimalization project. Originality/value – First paper to revisit the ordered probit model of Hausman et al. after the NYSE decimalization.

Job satisfaction: how crucial is participative decision making?

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Pacheco ◽  
Don Webber
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the role of perceived ability to participate in decision making in the workplace, with respect to job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Data from the fourth wave of the European Value Survey, is utilised, and a bivariate probit model is employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Findings – Empirical analysis comparing univariate and bivariate probit models reveals that the results from the former are negatively biased; potentially indicating that prior research may have underestimated the impact of participative decision making (PDM) on job satisfaction. Additionally, it appears clear that the magnitude of the marginal effects for both socio-demographic and work characteristics do not differ when comparing workers with above and below average participation. More importantly, the authors find a substantial negative marginal effect of below average participation on job satisfaction (close to three times the magnitude of the next largest marginal effect estimated in the model), indicating how crucial it is for employers to actively pursue programmes that enhance PDM. Originality/value – This study contributes to the growing literature aimed at understanding drivers of satisfaction in the workplace. Adding to the scant empirical investigation of the influence of PDM on job satisfaction, the authors find strong evidence of a direct and positive impact, which is further amplified after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity.

Nigeria’s automotive policy and the quest for a viable automotive industry: a lesson for the developing economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-603
Author(s):  
Cornelius Ogbodo Anayo Agbo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automobile Manufacturing ◽  
Local Content

Purpose It is of concern that several attempts at making Nigeria an automobile producing country have not yielded much success. This paper aims to re-examine the history of automobile manufacturing and the consequences of auto policies of successive governments towards having a viable automotive industry in Nigeria and the lessons therefrom. Design/methodology/approach Dispersed data were assembled from both primary and secondary sources on the automobile industry activities in Nigeria. The historic data cover Nigeria’s vehicles need, production levels, importations and local content developments. Time series data on Nigeria’s crude oil prices and the devaluation of the local currency were obtained and analyzed to elucidate effects and provide the trajectory. A comparative analysis of the policies of successful countries with initial status with Nigeria was carried out to elucidate the policy pitfalls in Nigeria’s industrial policies. Findings The automotive policies in Nigeria are not self-sustaining. It has been curiously observed that the automotive policy on import substitution and local content development approach did not include the key components in automobile manufacturing, making it a footloose industry. Nigeria’s crude petroleum mono-economy affects the manufacturing sector negatively. A fall in international crude oil price causes free fall of the country’s currency in the international market, the cost of imported new vehicles and parts become prohibitively high, consequently, individuals, as well as corporate organizations, resorted to imported fairly used vehicles and parts for their transportation needs. Capacity utilization dropped abysmally. Originality/value Nigeria’s experience has demonstrated the critical role the government can play in safeguarding the automobile industry in the developing economies. Apart from diversification of the economy, there is a need, therefore, for a more refined and pragmatic approach in the formulation of policies to enable only genuine investors to operate in the automobile industry which hitherto has been an all-comers affair with many taking advantage of unguarded and unguided government incentives.

How do transaction costs, capabilities and networks influence the procurement strategies of small agri-food firms? Evidence from the wine industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Varella Miranda ◽  
Brent Ross ◽  
Jason Franken ◽  
Miguel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Procurement Strategies

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to disentangle the drivers of adoption of procurement strategies in situations where small agri-food firms deal with constrained organizational choices. More specifically, the authors investigate the role of transaction costs, capabilities and networks in the definition of feasible “make-or-buy” choices in emerging wine regions.Design/methodology/approachThis article analyzes a unique dataset of small wineries from five US states: Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York and Vermont. The reported results derive from both a hurdle model (i.e. a probit model and a truncated regression model) and a tobit model.FindingsThe results suggest the importance of trust as a replacement for formal governance structures whenever small firms deal with highly constrained sets of organizational choices. On the other hand, the level of dependence on a limited mix of winegrape varieties and the perception that these varieties are fundamental in building legitimacy help to explain higher rates of vertical integration.Originality/valueThis study is important because it sheds light on organizational constraints that affect millions of farmers across the globe. The study of “make-or-buy” decisions in agri-food supply chains has mostly relied on the implicit assumption that all organizational choices are available to every firm. Nevertheless, limited capabilities and the participation in low-density networks may constrain the ability of a firm to adopt a governance mechanism. Stated organizational preferences and actual organizational choices may thus differ.

Role of safety in declining public transport use: Empirical evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Saigal ◽  
Arun Kr Vaish ◽  
N.V.M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
The Impact

PurposeUsing primary survey data from an urban area in Global North, this study aims to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on perception of usefulness of public transport and the importance of safety in preferring private modes of transport over public.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses stratified random sampling technique to collect data on travel behavior and socioeconomic characteristics. Descriptive statistics complemented with bivariate probit model and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model is implemented on the data obtained.FindingsThe study finds that women, unmarried individuals, the youngest age group, least educated individuals and those who are working are expected to finding public transport more useful as compared to their respective counterparts. Despite finding the mode most useful, women are more likely to find it unsafe to travel.Research limitations/implicationsThe study calls attention to not only dealing with the infrastructural changes in system but also with those attached insecurities which limit its use.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a comprehensive evaluation of the demands and challenges for transportation services faced by different segments of the society is carried out in this section of the developing world.

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