Matrix form of interval multivariable gray model and its application

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandang Guo ◽  
Yaqian Jing ◽  
Bingjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Matrix Form ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
Interval Numbers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Number Sequences ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make multivariable gray model to be available for the application on interval gray number sequences directly, the matrix form of interval multivariable gray model (IMGM(1,m,k) model) is constructed to simulate and forecast original interval gray number sequences in this paper.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the interval gray number is regarded as a three-dimensional column vector, and the parameters of multivariable gray model are expressed in matrix form. Based on the dynamic gray action and optimized background value, the interval multivariable gray model is constructed. Finally, two examples and comparisons are carried out to verify the effectiveness of IMGM(1,m,k) model.FindingsThe model is applied to simulate and predict expert value, foreign direct investment, automobile sales and steel output, respectively. The results show that the proposed model has better simulation and prediction performance than another two models.Practical implicationsDue to the uncertainty information and continuous changing of reality, the interval gray numbers are used to characterize full information of original data. And the IMGM(1,m,k) model not only considers the characteristics of parameters changing with time but also takes into account information on lower, middle and upper bounds of interval gray numbers simultaneously to make better suitable for practical application.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is to propose a new interval multivariable gray model, which considers the interaction between the lower, middle and upper bounds of interval numbers and need not to transform interval gray number sequences into real sequences. According to combining different characteristics of each bound of interval gray numbers, the matrix form of interval multivariable gray model is established to simulate and forecast interval gray numbers. In addition, the model introduces dynamic gray action to reflect the changes of parameters over time. Instead of white equation of classic MGM(1,m), the difference equation is directly used to solve the simulated and predicted values.

Service quality function deployment by the C-shaped QFD 3D matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3386-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassani ◽  
Arash Shahin ◽  
Manouchehr Kheradmandnia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Matrix ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of C-shaped QFD 3D Matrix in comparing process characteristics (PC), performance aspects (PA) and customer requirements, simultaneously and to prioritize the first two sets, respectively. Design/methodology/approach A three dimensional matrix has been developed with three sets of PC, PA and customers’ requirements and C-shaped matrix has been applied for simultaneous comparison of the dimensions and prioritization of the subsets of PC and PA. The proposed approach has been examined in a post bank. Findings Findings confirm the possibility of simultaneous comparison and prioritization of the three sets of dimensions of this study in post bank services. In addition, “growth and learning” and “bilateral relationship with suppliers” had the first priorities among PA and PC, respectively. Research limitations/implications While the proposed approach has many advantages, filling the matrixes is time-consuming. Since illustrating the 3D matrix was not possible, the matrix was separated into five two-dimensional matrixes. Originality/value Compared to the studied literature, the proposed approach is practically new in the post bank services.

Comparison of Two Approaches to Model Cure-Induced Microcracking in Three-Dimensional Woven Composites

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Tsukrov ◽  
Michael Giovinazzo ◽  
Kateryna Vyshenska ◽  
Harun Bayraktar ◽  
Jon Goering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resin Curing

Finite element models of 3D woven composites are developed to predict possible microcracking of the matrix during curing. A specific ply-to-ply weave architecture for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy is chosen as a benchmark case. Two approaches to defining the geometry of reinforcement are considered. One is based on the nominal description of composite, and the second involves fabric mechanics simulations. Finite element models utilizing these approaches are used to calculate the overall elastic properties of the composite, and predict residual stresses due to resin curing. It is shown that for the same volume fraction of reinforcement, the difference in the predicted overall in-plane stiffness is on the order of 10%. Numerical model utilizing the fabric mechanics simulations predicts lower level of residual stresses due to curing, as compared to nominal geometry models.

scholarly journals Lapping modeling of looped warp knitted jacquard fabrics based on web

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502097930
Author(s):  
Haisang Liu ◽  
Gaoming Jiang ◽  
Zhijia Dong
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Design Time ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pattern Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Pattern Information

In this paper a mathematical model of looped warp knitted jacquard fabric is proposed. The technology parameters cover chain notation, threading, jacquard pattern grid and so on are defined based on the matrix. A basic pattern matrix is derived from chain notation and threading using the block matrix. Then combined with the displacement data of jacquard girds, the jacquard pattern matrix is calculated. Finally, the stitch type and stitch position are obtained analyzing the pattern information in the previous matrix. Special stress is laid on the difference between two different displacement data of jacquard girds, RT = 0 and RT = 1, which results in inconsistent lapping for the same jacquard bitmap. The pattern models are implemented and the jacquard lapping bitmap and three-dimensional simulation are generated by a calculating program via Visualstudio2015 using C# and JavaScript. The results show that this model can distinguish two types displacement jacquard information. The parameter input process is simplified and the run time for calculation is also shortened. In addition, with the help of CAD system via the web, priorities including resource sharing, design-time saving, and efficiency improving are achieved.

Effects of plasma nitriding interlayer on adhesion and tribological behaviors of AlTiSiN coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Mengjuan Yin ◽  
Wenping Liang ◽  
Qiang Miao ◽  
Shiwei Zuo ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Narrow Width ◽  
Glow Plasma ◽  
Excellent Adhesion ◽  
Ta15 Alloy

Purpose This study aims to the service life of TA15 alloy by solving the problem of the binding force between the matrix and AlTiSiN coating. The effect of a plasma nitriding (PN) interlayer on the magnetron-sputtered AlTiSiN coating was also investigated in detail. Design/methodology/approach The double-glow plasma alloying (DGPA) and magnetron sputtering (MS) techniques were combined as a new approach to realize a bilayer on TA15 consisting of an AlTiSiN layer with a PN interlayer. A TiN interlayer was formed via co-diffusion during the PN conducted at 1050°C for 3 h. Findings The PN interlayer can effectively improve the adhesion between coating and matrix; the PN/AlTiSiN coating presented excellent adhesion (80.1 N) and anti-wear property with a nano-hardness of 18.62 GPa. The resulting three-dimensional wear-track morphology exhibited a shallow depth and a narrow width. Originality/value The novel combination of the DGPA and MS technologies, using an infiltration layer rather than a coating one as the intermediate layer, can effectively enhance the adhesion between AlTiSiN coating and TA15 matrix. Meanwhile, the gradient layer can effectively improve both surface bearing and wear resistance.

scholarly journals Comparison of elegance of Japanese and European jackets

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Asako Nozawa ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the impression of elegance of a jacket’s appearance. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey on the impression of jacket appearance was conducted using images of jackets of Japanese and European brands. A paired comparison and sensory test were carried out for four Japanese and European jackets. To explain different jacket appearances, the jacket patterns and silhouettes were investigated from an engineering point of view. Findings – Most Japanese subjects responded that European jackets in images were more elegant and characteristic of European style. In a comparison of jacket silhouettes, Jacket 1 (European brand) was evaluated as the most elegant. The waist and bust parts of Jacket 1 had three-dimensional shape whereas the Japanese jackets had planar and rectilinear shapes. This was due to the difference in the waist darts and curved lines in the patterns. Jacket appearance in terms of elegance is thus mainly affected by the waist and bust shapes, which are affected by darts and lines in the patterns. Originality/value – This is pioneering research on the elegance of garment appearance from an engineering point of view, using actual clothing. The comparison results for commercial jackets will be valuable to the apparel industry.

Chemotherapeutic trials on human malignant astrocytomas in organ culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben J. Saez ◽  
R. Jean Campbell ◽  
Edward R. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Malignant Astrocytomas ◽  
The Matrix

✓ A technique of organ culture based on a three-dimensional porous matrix was employed for chemotherapeutic trials on human malignant astrocytomas. This method allows neoplasms to retain the morphological identity and the histological characteristics they possess in vivo. Success in culture was greatest with high-grade astrocytomas, the majority of which showed definite infiltration of the matrix. Lowgrade tumors, if viable, did not display active penetration. Drug trials on eight malignant astrocytomas included BCNU, methyl CCNU, VP 16–213, and Solu-Medrol. Cyanide and luciferase were used as experimental metabolic toxins. Evidence of cytotoxicity was assessed qualitatively by histological changes on microscopic preparations of treated and control cultures. Microfluorometric determinations of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were applied to these trials in an effort to detect a quantitative biochemical index of drug effects. A variable rise in mean NADH levels above controls was recorded from the majority of treated cultures although correlation with microscopic changes was inconsistent. Because of its potential merits, organ culture may be a valuable tool for further work on pharmacological management of malignant gliomas.

Energy-based optimal darted pattern for garment design

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-183
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Fang ◽  
Yu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iterative Optimization ◽  
Contour Deformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
Garment Design

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find the pattern with minimal deformation energy while developing from 3D designed garments. Moreover, darts are generated to further reduce deformation energy. The aims of the energy-based flattening method are to reduce the difference between 3D designed garments and 2D flattened patterns in an accurate and efficient way. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a mass spring method and iterative optimization to analyze pattern contours with minimal contour deformation while flattening three dimensional draping designs into a plane. Darts are generated to further reduce distortion during surface flattening and the energy method is introduced to verify that the analysis results obtained match the garment darts provided by the Bunka formula which is currently widely used in East Asia. Findings – An efficient method for generating optimal darted pattern is presented. It compares the important factors of darts, including position, length and amount. After iterative optimization and darts generation, the maximum energy reduction is about 30 percent. Originality/value – This study provides an aggregate to analyze and compare the differences between different patterns and conduct a verification comparison with traditional pattern formula.

Solving the coupled Sylvester-like matrix equations via a new finite iterative algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1446-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Hajarian
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Iterative Algorithm ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Matrix Form ◽  
Matrix Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Number Of Iterations ◽  
Finite Number Of Iterations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain an iterative algorithm to find the solution of the coupled Sylvester-like matrix equations. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the matrix form of the conjugate direction (CD) algorithm to find the solution X of the coupled Sylvester-like matrix equations: {A1XB1+M1f1(X)N1=F1,A2XB2+M2f2(X)N2=F2,with fi(X) = X, fi(X) = X¯, fi(X) = XT and fi(X) = XH for i = 1; 2 has been established. Findings It is proven that the algorithm converges to the solution within a finite number of iterations in the absence of round-off errors. Finally, four numerical examples were used to test the proficiency and convergence of the established algorithm. Originality/value The numerical examples have led the author to believe that the generalized CD (GCD) algorithm is efficient and it converges more rapidly in comparison with the CGNR and CGNE algorithms.

Finite element prediction of stress transfer in h-BN sheet nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Spanos ◽  
Androniki Tsiamaki ◽  
Nicolaos Anifantis
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Solid Finite Elements ◽  
Heterogeneous Region

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to implement a micromechanical hybrid finite element approach in order to investigate the stress transfer behavior of composites reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets. Design/methodology/approach For the analysis of the problem, a three-dimensional representative volume element, consisting of three phases, has been used. The reinforcement is modeled discretely using spring elements of specific stiffness while the matrix material is modeled as a continuum medium using solid finite elements. The third phase, the intermediate one, known as the interface, has been simulated by appropriate stiffness variations which define a heterogeneous region affecting the stress transfer characteristics of the nanocomposite. Findings The results show a good agreement with corresponding ones from the literature and also the effect of a number of factors is indicated in stress transfer efficiency. Originality/value This is the first time that such a modeling is employed in the stress transfer examination of h-BN nanocomposites.

Architecture Earthquake Disaster Simulation Based on Three-Dimension GIS Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Guo Li Pang ◽  
Dan Qi Chen ◽  
Meng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Embedded Gis ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

GIS geographic information system algorithm are able to be used in the disaster initialization period, middle and rescue stage for the advanced two-dimensional simulation technology with its geographical model as well as providing us with accurate and quick geographical indicators, with the estimation of building distribution and mountain damaged condition, can bring us extremely high value in use. But the traditional GIS algorithm also has tremendous convenience, namely we can't form accurate analysis of the buildings and streets form three dimensional regions, we cannot tell the difference between topographic change quantities as well, resulting in certain circumstances that the algorithm is no practical. This article puts forward 3d and 2d embedded GIS algorithm according to the satellite remote sensing technology, which can be used to cope with buildings and streets for disaster situation simulation and analysis, through this algorithm we are able to obtain the original data before a disaster, disaster failure scene and the distribution of post-disaster construction. With verification, this algorithm has high practical value and can shorten the fitting time of data.

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