scholarly journals Comparison of elegance of Japanese and European jackets

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Asako Nozawa ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the impression of elegance of a jacket’s appearance. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey on the impression of jacket appearance was conducted using images of jackets of Japanese and European brands. A paired comparison and sensory test were carried out for four Japanese and European jackets. To explain different jacket appearances, the jacket patterns and silhouettes were investigated from an engineering point of view. Findings – Most Japanese subjects responded that European jackets in images were more elegant and characteristic of European style. In a comparison of jacket silhouettes, Jacket 1 (European brand) was evaluated as the most elegant. The waist and bust parts of Jacket 1 had three-dimensional shape whereas the Japanese jackets had planar and rectilinear shapes. This was due to the difference in the waist darts and curved lines in the patterns. Jacket appearance in terms of elegance is thus mainly affected by the waist and bust shapes, which are affected by darts and lines in the patterns. Originality/value – This is pioneering research on the elegance of garment appearance from an engineering point of view, using actual clothing. The comparison results for commercial jackets will be valuable to the apparel industry.

Comparison of the reluctance laminated and solid rotor synchronous machine operating at high temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lefik ◽  
Krzysztof Komeza ◽  
Ewa Napieralska-Juszczak ◽  
Daniel Roger ◽  
Piotr Andrzej Napieralski
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synchronous Machine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thermal Phenomenon ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between reluctance synchronous machine-enabling work at high internal temperature (HT° machine) with laminated and solid rotor. Design/methodology/approach To obtain heat sources for the thermal model, calculations of the electromagnetic field were made using the Opera 3D program including effect of rotation and the resulting eddy current losses. To analyse the thermal phenomenon, the 3D coupled thermal-fluid (CFD) model is used. Findings The presented results show clearly that laminated construction is much better from a point of view of efficiency and temperature. However, solid construction can be interesting for high speed machines due to their mechanical robustness. Research limitations/implications The main problem, despite the use of parallel calculations, is the long calculation time. Practical implications The obtained simulation and experimental results show the possibility of building a machine operating at a much higher ambient temperature than it was previously produced for example in the vicinity of the aircraft turbines. Originality/value The paper presents the application of fully three-dimensional coupled electromagnetic and thermal analysis of new machine constructions designed for elevated temperature.

Oligosaccharide branching of glycoproteins: biosynthetic mechanisms and possible biological functions

1982 ◽  
Vol 300 (1099) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sugar Residue ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentation ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

One of the most striking features of N - and O -glycosyl oligosaccharides and of lipid-linked oligosaccharides is the high degree of branching of these complex structures. Both proteins and nucleic acids are essentially linear structures and are synthesized by template mechanisms. The branched nature of complex carbohydrates dictates a totally different mechanism of biosynthetic control. Although there are undoubtedly many factors controlling this assembly (e.g. subcellular compartmentation, availability of substrates, cations), our laboratory has studied primarily the enzymatic factors that control the assembly of branched N -glycosyl (Asn-GlcNAc type) and O -glycosyl (Ser[Thr]-GalNAc type) oligosaccharides. There are three basic types of control points that appear to direct biosynthesis, ( a ) There may be two or more enzymes capable of acting on a single common substrate. Control at this juncture is exerted by the relative activities of these enzymes in a particular tissue. ( b ) Addition of a specific sugar to the growing oligosaccharide may shut off one or more subsequent enzyme steps, thereby ‘freezing* the structure at a certain stage in its synthesis, ( c ) Progression of the pathway may be impossible until a certain key sugar residue is inserted into the growing oligosaccharide chain. Examples of all three types of control occur in the assembly of both N - and O -glycosyl oligosaccharides. This paper discusses our work on the N -acetylglucosaminyl transferases, which initiate branches in N -glycosyl oligosaccharides, as well as some studies on glycosyltransferases that control the assembly of the four basic Ser(Thr)-GalNAc cores. Important features at all stages of control are the three-dimensional shape of the oligosaccharide, the effect of certain key sugar residues on this three-dimensional shape and the stereochemistry of the interaction of oligosaccharides with proteins. From a functional point of view, protein-oligosaccharide interaction is of vital importance not only to enzyme control mechanisms but to a variety of biological problems such as malignancy and cell-cell interactions, differentiation and development, and susceptibility of cells to hormones, drugs and toxins.

scholarly journals Exploration of Mobility Modes Arising From the Breakdown of a Basic Regular Tetrahedron

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin M. Chen ◽  
David Cappelleri
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regular Tetrahedron ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Mobility Problem ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

One of the most important considerations in the design of robots is mobility. How does the system traverse the terrain and environment where it is expected to operate? In past efforts, engineers and scientists have received inspiration from man-in-the-loop vehicles and modes of mobility used by animals. While amazing advancements have been achieved, this top-down approach tends to focus on one specific solution to a problem which may cause other solutions to be overlooked. This paper approaches the mobility problem from a different point of view. Starting with the most basic three dimensional shape, a regular tetrahedron, we explore seven different modes of mobility arising from simple modifications of the initial shape. These resultant modes are then resolved into corresponding, existing mechanisms that are already widely applied. By using this bottom-up approach, we are able to explore available mobility modes in a much more comprehensive manner. Instead of starting with a complex system in mind, engineers will be able to use simple building blocks to enable different desired mobility behaviors.

scholarly journals Quantifying the appearance of jackets with adhesive interlinings

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Sho Sonehara ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Dimensional Shape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effect of adhesive interlining on the appearance of tailored jackets with different rigidity. Design/methodology/approach – Four tailored jackets having the same pattern and fabric and three different adhesive interlinings or no adhesive interlining were prepared as experimental samples. Criteria and characteristics for assessing jacket appearance were investigated in sensory tests. A paired comparison of the jacket appearance was conducted using a ranking method. Smoothness and constriction values were proposed and obtained using three-dimensional shape data. The smoothness value refers to the degree of wrinkling on the jacket surface and the constriction value refers to the degree of constriction of the waistline. A quantitative assessment model of jacket appearance was proposed using multiple regression analysis. Findings – The sensory test reveals that the number of wrinkles, acceptability of wrinkling and degree of constriction of the waist are important criteria in the assessment of jacket appearance. The smoothness value for the front body and the constriction value of the waist partially agreed with the normal scores of sensory test results. Sensory evaluation values for the entire jacket appearance were estimated employing multiple regression analysis with the constriction and smoothness values. The values of jacket appearance estimated using multiple regression analysis were in good agreement with the sensory test results. Originality/value – Criteria and characteristics to be used in the assessment of the appearance of a jacket with adhesive interlining were clarified. Employing the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict jacket appearance for different adhesive interlinings, quantitatively.

The Drawing Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Shape Domain

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Function Space ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Interaction Space ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Through the research of the visualization of the human-based three-dimensional shape domain, establish the three-dimensional spatial extent of human’s function space. And coordinate the difference of function space between individuals and groups. It is based on the morphological characteristics, physical features and psychological characteristics of human. Then achieve the match of the data of body and design parameters of products. Thus integrate ergonomics into the early process of design. And complete the change of the mode of space design from dimension driven to 3D human body model-driven. The research of human body’s domain will definite the way and standards of interaction space between men and machines. Thus the parameters of human body become precise, three-dimensional and instrumental. Solve the discord of relationship between people and objects, people and environment, performance and environment. To realize the expression of man’s functions in the product itself and the interaction with them.

scholarly journals A Description of Three-Dimensional Shape of the Posterior Torso Comparing Those with and without Scoliosis

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Gardner ◽  
Fiona Berryman ◽  
Paul Pynsent
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
3D Elements ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Scoliosis results in a 3D asymmetry of the spine and torso. It is not clear what the variability in 3D shape is in a non-scoliotic population, how much that is altered by scoliosis and what surgery does to that. This study is a 3D analysis of the shape of the torso in a cohort of non-scoliotic children that is then compared with a cohort of those with scoliosis both pre- and post-operatively. Procrustes analysis is used to examine the mean 3D shape. There is variability in shape in the non-scoliotic cohort. Scoliosis increases this asymmetry, particularly around the most prominent areas of the torso. Surgery alters the torso asymmetry but increases the difference in height between the right and the left with regard to the most prominent points on the torso. There is a degree of asymmetry seen in a non-scoliotic cohort of children. Scoliosis increases that asymmetry. Surgery alters the asymmetry but causes an increase in some of the 3D elements of the most prominent areas of the torso.

Four Dimensions of Diamond T: Combination Trade Marks of Colours And Shapes

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Michael McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Trade Mark Law ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

This article examines the relatively new fields of colour and shape trade marks. It was initially feared by some academics that the new marks would encroach on the realms of patent and copyright.  However, the traditional requirements of trade mark law, such as functionality and descriptiveness, have meant that trade marks in colour and shape are extremely hard to acquire if they do not have factual distinctiveness. As colour and shape trade marks have no special restrictions, it is proposed that the combination trade mark theory and analysis from the Diamond T case should be used as a way to make them more accessible. The combination analysis can be easily applied because every product has a three dimensional shape and a fourth dimension of colour.

Acoustic Analysis of Detailed Three-Dimensional Shape of the Human Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kitamura ◽  
Hironori Takemoto ◽  
Hisanori Makinae ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Kotaro Maki
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape
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