Prediction of bursting strength of the nylon parachute fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kirubakar Raj ◽  
Renuka Devi
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeParachutes are equipment that is repeatedly used as and when needed. Some of them are used for as many as 60 jumps. The property of the canopy fabric gets deteriorated with use. It is evaluated by destructive tensile and bursting strength. This study aims to focus on the nondestructive evaluation of the canopy fabric's fitness by testing air permeability and relating it with bursting strength. Predictor equations were developed to determine bursting strength from air permeability values.Design/methodology/approachANOVA techniques and statistical regression equations were formed.FindingsA series of samples containing five parachutes fabrics was used seven times, and their air permeability and bursting strength were determined to find the extent to the effect of reuse of parachute fabrics on their bursting strength and air permeability determination. It was found that there was a progressive drop in bursting strength and an increase in air permeability. An investigation of the extent of determination in terms of bursting strength and an increase in air permeability following the sense of five different types of parachute fabrics is reported.Research limitations/implicationsThe work focuses on the prediction of bursting strength to textile materials only and may not apply to other materials like membranes and sheets. The process of determining air permeability is relatively simpler and faster.Practical implicationsThe bursting strength can be predicted for used parachutes, which are otherwise subjected to destructive testing.Social implicationsThe men using the parachutes can be assured of the superior flawless performance of the parachute as equipment and also contribute to the saving of resources due to nondestructive testing, 100% evaluation of all parachutes is possible.Originality/valueThis article describes the nature of the test procedure and discusses the means of introducing it to users of parachutes. It is accepted that the method must undergo field evaluation and possible modification before it can become a routine tool of parachute using organizations.

Performance analysis of the mechanical behaviour of seams with various sewing parameters for nylon canopy fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vijay Kirubakar Raj ◽  
M. Renuka Devi
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fabric Strength ◽  
Twill Weave

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make available to the parachute industry tools to predict behaviour of certain textile materials. In addition to this, it is desired to reveal and explain the basic requirement criteria for proper textile material selection. The strength of an assembly as a whole is directly dependent on the strengths of the various joints and seams required to assemble the larger structure. Keeping in mind the complex problem of parachute construction, this research seeks to enlighten the industry about the performance of seams in nylon woven canopy fabrics. Five factors have been studied: different types of weave (plain, rip-stop and twill), density (number of stitches per centimetre), different rows of stitches with lapped seams, different types of stitches (lock stitch, chain stitch and zig-zag) and seam direction (warp, weft and bias direction). Two responses have been analysed, the seam breaking force and the seam efficiency (per cent ratio of seam strength to fabric strength). The test results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the seam strength proved to vary significantly not only with the primary parameters, but with the interactions of the primary parameters as well. That is seam strength (and seam efficiency) changes with each primary parameter but it changes in a different manner when other parameters change. Multiple regressions have been used to construct preliminary predictor equations for seam strength and efficiency, and investigations to provide better equations are in progress. Design/methodology/approach ANOVA techniques and statistical regression equations were formed. Findings The work has concluded that twill weave 9 with chain stitch has the maximum seam strength, which makes canopies made with 2/1 twill weave and stitched with lapped seam with four rows of chain stitch optimum for heavy supply droppings with a single use parachute(s). It is evident from the results that twill weave with lock stich has the maximum seam efficiency. This makes the canopies stitched with twill fabric, constructed with lapped seams and four rows of stitches ideal for parachutes to be used multiple times. The brake parachutes on aircrafts and parachutes used by sky divers and air combat soldiers can use parachutes whose canopies can be used many times made out of the above mentioned weave and stitch specification. Originality/value Original work was conducted from the woven fabrics.

Mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruits preserves without added sugar: the effect of bodying agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 1969-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taísa Rezende Teixeira Farias ◽  
Maria Cecília Evangelista Vasconcelos Schiassi ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Rios de Souza ◽  
Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the bodying agents (erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol and polydextrose) and their mixtures on the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves (marolo, soursop and sweet passion fruit). Design/methodology/approach The simplex mixture design was used for product optimization and the preserves evaluated by physical, physicochemical and sensory properties. The research data were analyzed using regression equations on SAS University and exploratory analysis by principal component analysis and parallel factors techniques on Sensomaker software. Findings The results show that erythritol and polydextrose bodying agents should not be used as pure components because they provoked changes in the properties of the final product and negatively influenced the sensory attributes. While the high concentrations of xylitol and sorbitol provided better sensorial acceptance, being considered, therefore, good substitutes for sucrose. Practical implications This research has shown it is feasible to use bodying agents in the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves without added sugar. Social implications The development of mixed preserves could increase population access to the Brazilian Cerrado fruits. In addition, sugar-free preserves are a viable alternative for adding value to the product and satisfy all the consumers. Originality/value The combination of properties of two or more fruits and use of bodying agents can improve sensory, physical and physicochemical characteristics of the final product. However, there are technological challenges to evaluate in the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves without added sugar.

Analysis of thermal comfort properties of jacquard knitted mattress ticking fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Terliksiz ◽  
Fatma Kalaoğlu ◽  
Selin Hanife Eryürük
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Comfort Parameters

Purpose – Sleep is a vital and a basic activity of human life and it is a physiological need for human body. Sleep quality is directly influenced by the comfort conditions of sleep environment. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of textile materials utilized as bed fabrics on air and mass transfer from the human body. Design/methodology/approach – Thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thickness, water vapour permeability and air permeability properties of fabrics were analyzed and statistically evaluated. Thermal conductivity and resistance measurements were performed in Alambeta test instrument. Water vapour permeability tests were done according to the Rotating Platform method, and air permeability was measured in FX 3300 Textest air permeability tester. Relationships between comfort parameters were statistically evaluated with correlation analysis. Findings – Comfort is a major concept in the determination of overall life quality as well as sleep quality of a resting person. Therefore academic studies about thermal comfort prediction of sleep environment and bed surface fabrics are of great importance. This study investigates conventional mattress ticking fabrics in terms of comfort parameters and defines the important fabric properties on comfort parameters. Originality/value – Sleep comfort is a promising area in textile comfort studies with its dynamics different from body thermal comfort during daily life. However, in general comfort studies are about garment materials which are in direct contact with the skin. This study tries to define the comfort status of textile materials which have indirect contact with the human body surface during sleep duration.

Analysis of the performance properties of knitted fabrics containing elastane

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Hanife Eryuruk ◽  
Fatma Kalaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Air Permeability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Apparel Production ◽  
High Level

Purpose – Knitted fabrics containing elastane provide high level of comfort and ease of usage because of the elastic and drape properties over the body. Knitted fabrics respond to every movement of the body and return back to its original shape easily so they are used widely for apparel production. The most important properties required from the elastic knitted garments are wear comfort, fit, breathability and durability. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of elastane yarn count and ground yarn count on the performance properties of 12 single jersey knitted fabrics were analysed after dying. Design/methodology/approach – The research design for this study consists an experimental study. In all, 12 fabrics containing half plating and full plating elastane were produced using 30/1-40/1 Ne yarn counts. Bursting strength, stretch recovery, residual extension, air permeability, spirality and drape properties of fabrics were evaluated. Findings – As a result of study it was found a certain effect as the elastane amount and count changed. For all types of knitted fabrics, bursting strength values increased and fabric spirality values decreased as the elastane amount and elastane yarn count increased. Also it was found a significant relationship between elastane amount and count with air permeability, spirality, bursting strength and drape. Originality/value – As a result of the literature review, it was seen that the effects of elastane amount, elastane yarn count and fabric yarn count on the performance properties of knitted fabrics has not been studied broadly.

Journal benchmarking for strategic publication management and for improving journal positioning in the world ranking systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 82-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Moskovkin ◽  
Emilia A. Bocharova ◽  
Oksana V. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
World Ranking ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce and develop the methodology of journal benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach – The journal benchmarking method is understood to be an analytic procedure of continuous monitoring and comparing of the advance of specific journal(s) against that of competing journals in the same subject area, together with the application of best practices defined in order to improve a journal's own advance and gain a position among leading scientific journals. Findings – As a realization of this method, it is suggested to build up a journal scoreboard, which is a matrix of journal indicators, distributed for different journals. For the journal scoreboard on the subject of lasers and optics (36 journals, five indicators) a series of regression equations was built up that allow forecasts to be made for journals’ impact factor levels, depending on the International Collaboration and Reference per Document indicators included in the SCIMAGO database. Practical implications – The detailed journal scoreboard and prediction calculations allow elaborating strategies and policies for the promotion of journals in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Originality/value – The research presents the building up of a journal scoreboard in combination with prediction calculations that can be helpful for improving journal positioning in international Scientometric databases.

Voluntary helpful organizational behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall P. Bandura ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
Paul R. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Contextual Performance ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Voluntary Behavior ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine employee-helpful behavior that is voluntary and given freely without anticipation of reward or recognition. The authors have labeled this voluntary behavior in all its forms as v-hob, or voluntary helpful organizational behavior. They seek to define and explain the behavior and attempt to discern measures that will help to discover individual’s predispositions to offer v-hob. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine current theory/constructs and offer a detailed empirical study in identifying measures that may provide some means for assessing employee predisposition toward helpful, voluntary behavior on the job. The format of the work is reflective of a typical research study with hypotheses. Findings – The authors learned that, within limits, it is possible and practical to identify direct measures to discover one’s predisposition toward v-hob. They also have identified regression equations that use several variables to help predict one’s predispositions toward this valued behavior. Practical implications – This study brings to the manager and/or human resource (HR) practitioner the substance of contextual performance, that is, behavior that goes beyond task performance in the support of individual and organizational goal attainment. This research demonstrates several means by which trainers, managers and HR professionals may assess an employee’s or a recruit’s predisposition to offer voluntary, helpful behavior. Originality/value – This research, unlike most of the empirical, academic research in the domain of contextual performance, speaks directly to practitioners. The authors' definitions, explanations and study clearly demonstrate the practical features of contextual performance.

Prediction of the water evaporation rate of wet textile materials in a pre-defined environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-365
Author(s):  
Song-Rui Liu ◽  
Xiao-Qun Dai ◽  
Yan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The water evaporation rate (WER) is not only crucial for fabric drying, but also an important parameter affecting cooling from a body wearing sweat wetted clothing. The purpose of this paper is to predict the WERs of wet textile materials in a pre-defined environment. Design/methodology/approach The maximum water evaporation rate (WERmax) from a saturated surface in a pre-defined environment was first predicted based on the Lewis relationship between the evaporative and the convective heat transfer in this paper. The prediction results were validated by the comparisons with experimental measurements in various environments obtained in this paper and reported in the literature. Findings Experiment results show that the ratios of WERs to WERmax are lower than 100 percent but higher than 50 percent, which confirmed that the prediction of WERmax is reliable. The temperature decrease of the wet material surface due to evaporation was considered to account for the difference between measured WERs and the WERmax, and the WER variation among materials. The lower ratios of WERs to WERmax in the higher wind condition were speculated to be due to the greater temperature decrease caused by the increased evaporation. Practical implications It provides a reliable way to obtain both WERmax and WER (WERmax multiplied by a proper ratio), which can be useful in clothing physiological modeling to predict clothing comfort. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of the evaporation process of textile materials.

An investigation on performance optimization of r-PET/cotton and v-PET/cotton knitted fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Sarıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Single Jersey

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the bursting strength, bursting distension, air permeability and wale wise wicking rate properties of recycled polyester (r-PET) and virgin polyester (v-PET) raw materials from which single jersey knitted fabric samples are manufactured. Meanwhile, numerical optimization method was used in predetermined parameters to determine the optimum r-PET and v-PET blend ratio and yarn manufacturing technology. In the optimization analysis, the average values of the important yarn and fabric properties inspected were taken as a target according to the 50 percent proportion of r-PET and v-PET fiber for both compact and ring yarn manufacturing technology. Design/methodology/approach To encourage the use of value-added textile products produced from recycling PET bottle with the focus of social responsibility is a condition that should be evaluated within the scope of waste management. The recycling of PET bottles and finding new opportunities for the uses in different field are crucial for both contributing environmental economy and conserving natural energy resources. The most important alternative ways is to use the r-PET fiber from recycling PET bottle in textile industry. In this study, 19.7 tex r-PET/cotton and v-PET/cotton-blended compact and ring spun yarns were produced at different blending ratios at the same production parameters. Findings Results showed that blend type, blend ratio and yarn manufacturing technology have statistical significance effect on bursting strength and air permeability. Besides, it was found that blend type has no significance on wale wise wicking rate unlike other parameters. Optimization analysis indicated that single jersey knitted fabric with v-PET/CO 58.62/41.38 percent compact yarn had higher desirability with the value of 0.72. Originality/value At the present time, r-PET fiber is blended in small amount (approximately 5–15 percent blend ratio) with both cotton and polyester together. In addition, it is possible using different fiber blend types instead of cotton and polyester according to the usage area. The most important question is to determine the amount of r-PET proportion. In other words, both optimum yarn/fabric quality parameters should be ensured and at the same time life cycle of the apparels should not be short when the optimum r-PET proportion is taken into consideration.

The influence of manufacturing flexibility on strategic behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1028-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Tamayo-Torres ◽  
Vanesa Barrales-Molina ◽  
Maria Nieves Perez-Arostegui
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Manufacturing Flexibility ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the influence of manufacturing flexibility on firms’ exploration/exploitation differs between firms that possess Certified Quality Management Systems (CQMS) and firms that do not. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyze a sample of 231 Spanish manufacturing firms, 131 of which had received some form of Quality Certification. The data were collected through a structured telephone questionnaire addressed to company CEOs. The relationships are modelled using regression equations, including interaction terms, in order to test for the existence of a moderating effect. Findings – The results show that certified companies exploit their own abilities, whereas uncertified firms tend to explore new knowledge. The authors also justify the importance of manufacturing flexibility for both options, exploration and exploitation. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this research include the fact that the authors study a variety of forms of certification, not only ISO, and the fact that all companies belong to the same country. Practical implications – This study contributes to developing empirical knowledge of the benefits of CQMS in the firm. Originality/value – The paper develops a new model to improve manufacturing flexibility and Quality Management.

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