DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION OF PP 20% TALC ADDITIVE FILTER WITH PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE

In the paper, the design optimization of the food-contact water tank filter used in industrial kitchen products was made and produced in plastic injection molding machine with different parameters. The effects of production parameters on product weight, fabric filter strength (tearing), production time and surface quality (burrs and gas gap) were investigated experimentally and statistically. The design of the experiments was prepared with the Taguchi L[Formula: see text] orthogonal array. Experiment parameters are determined as injection speed (A), holding press (B), holding speed (C), mold temperature (D), melting temperature (E) and compression waiting time (F). As a result, 154% improvement was achieved in the fabric strength as a result of design optimization. As a result of the optimization of the injection parameters of the product, when the response tables were examined, it is determined that the greatest value of filter fabric strength is 298[Formula: see text]N in A2B2C2D1E1F3 parameters. When ANOVA results are analyzed, the most effective parameter for fabric strength and surface quality was determined as mold temperature with 36.38% and compression waiting time with the lowest effective parameter as 0.08%.

Investigating the Performance of Sewn Seams from Woven Fabrics

Seam performance ensures the durability, attractiveness, strength etc. of the sewn garments. Fabric types, fabric densities, fabric strength, seam types, sewing thread count, thread strength, stitch densities and stitch types influence the performance of a sewn seam. This paper investigates the performance of sewn seam of various structure of woven fabric. The variables of this research are stitch densities (SPI), sewing thread count, seam types and woven structures. We conduct our research over plain, twill 2/1, twill 2/2, oxford and poplin woven structure. Firstly, we apply lockstitch (301) to produce superimposed, lapped and bound seam on the woven sample by using thread count 27 Tex, 30 Tex, 20/2 Tex, 40 Tex, 40/2 Tex, 40/3 Tex having stitch densities (SPI) 8, 10 and 12. Then according to ASTM D1683 standard, we measured the tensile strength test and recorded the seam breaking strength (N). We apply error bars over each diagram to investigate the standard deviation. Finally, we discuss four hypothesis to conclude our research work. We found higher seam breaking strength with the increase of thread count and SPI. The bound seam samples has shown superior seam breaking strength than superimposed and lapped seam; poplin structure surpassed to others. The seam efficiency of the samples varies from 60–90% and do not exceeds 100%. Finally, we found some significant alternatives hypothesis of the population since F values exceeded F critical values for the sewn seam.

Twin induced attenuation of seismic anisotropy in lawsonite blueschist

<p>Lawsonite is an important mineral to understand seismic anisotropy in subducting oceanic crust because of its large elastic anisotropy and prevalence in cold subduction zones. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how lawsonite twinning affects seismic anisotropy despite previous reports showing the existence of twins in lawsonite. We thus investigated the effect of twins in lawsonite on crystal preferred orientation (CPO), fabric strength, and seismic anisotropy of lawsonite using the lawsonite blueschists from Alpine Corsica (France) and Sivrihisar Massif (Turkey). CPOs of minerals were measured by using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) facility attached to scanning electron microscope. The EBSD analyses of lawsonite revealed that {110} twin in lawsonite is developed and [001] axes are strongly aligned subnormal to the foliation and both [100] and [010] axes are aligned subparallel to the foliation. It is found that the existence of twins in lawsonite could induce a large attenuation of seismic anisotropy, especially for the maximum S-wave anisotropy up to 18.4 % in lawsonite and 24.3 % in the whole rocks. Therefore, lawsonite twinning needs to be considered in the interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the subducting oceanic crust in cold subduction zones.</p>

Polarimetric radar-sounding to infer and quantify shear margin ice fabric anisotropy

<p>Glaciers and ice streams channel the majority of ice mass discharge into the ocean, and are modulated by basal slip at the ice-bed interface, deformation within the ice interior, and lateral shear at the margins separating fast- and slow-moving ice. The anisotropy of glacier ice (i.e. ice that deforms preferentially in certain modes and directions) at shear margins greatly facilitates streaming ice, however it is still poorly understood due to a lack of in-situ measurements and is usually incorporated into models as a simple scalar enhancement factor. The resurgence of polarimetric radar techniques to detect bulk fabric anisotropy through exploiting the birefringence of ice crystals has greatly aided quantification of the ice crystal orientation fabric (COF) across the Antarctic Ice Sheet. In our study, we invert these techniques to infer the azimuthal fabric strength at the Eastern Shear Margin of Thwaites Glacier from non-polarimetric airborne radargrams collected during the 2018-19 field season. From these results, we infer the evolution of the crystal orientation fabric across the shear margin, where ice is subjected to varying levels of both pure and simple shear. Our findings suggest the potential of the upper reaches of the ESM having undergone recent inward migration. Together with compatible ground-based polarimetric radar experiments, our study highlights the potential of radar sounding to observe and infer variations in fabric strength from regions of complex flow at multiple spatial scales. Because the bulk COF of ice sheets records the past history of ice sheet deformation and influences present-day ice flow dynamics, accurate measurements of ice fabric strength and orientation not only places constraints on present and past ice flow history, but also aids in the incorporation of anisotropic rheology in ice flow models.</p>

Strength predictions of single-lap woven fabric Kenaf composites bolted joints

Application of woven fabric kenaf fibers in production of polymeric composites (known as woven fabric kenaf reinforced composite (WKRP)) were readily available in the literatures due to excellent tensile strength and elongation at break. Nevertheless, there are less reported work and information regarding to performance of these materials in bolted joints problem. Bolted joints demonstrate complicated damage morphologies either net-tension, shear-out or bearing failure modes dependence upon combination arrays of lay-up/joint variables. XFEM approach has been reported in the literature, yet the agreements are limited to net-tension failure resulting from stress concentration problem. The aim of this paper to carry out strength prediction work of single-lap WKRP/aluminium bolted joints by using Hashin formulation within 3D finite element framework. Hashin formulation which based on ply-by-ply basis seen to perform better prediction to bearing failure modes. The material properties incorporated within Hashin formulation was taken from a single-ply of woven fabric. Strength prediction from Hashin formulation showed a difference of less than ±25% in net tension-bearing failure mode, but less good predictions (some lay-up showed discrepancies of 50%) in smaller W/d to give net-tension mode. Good prediction in net-tension-bearing failure were exhibited in Hashin formulation than XFEM approach as bearing failure is based on ply-by-ply basis due to fiber kinking and matrix compression.

Deformation microstructure of amphibole peridotite from Aheim, Norway and its implication for the seismic anisotropy of the mantle wedge

<p>The microstructures of amphibole peridotites from the Åheim, Norway were studied to understand the evolution of microstructures of olivine through the Scandian Orogeny and the subsequent exhumation process. The Western Gneiss Region, Norway had undergone UHP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression associated with the Scandian Orogeny. The Åheim amphibole peridotite shows clear porphyroclastic texture, abundant hydrous minerals such as tremolite or chlorite, and much evidence of localized deformation. LPOs of olivine and amphibole were determined by using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) system attached to the scanning electron microscope (SEM).</p><p>Detailed microstructural analysis on the Åheim amphibole peridotites revealed the evidence of the multiple stages of deformation during the Scandian Orogeny. The coarse grains of olivine including porphyroclasts showed the A-type LPO of olivine (Jung & Karato, 2001), which is interpreted as an initial stage of deformation. The recrystallized-fine grains of olivine showed the B-type LPO of olivine (Jung & Karato, 2001), which is interpreted as a late-stage deformation in amphibolite facies condition. Observation of abundant hydrous minerals, hydrous inclusions in olivine, as well as high dislocation density of olivine in the fine-grained olivines suggest that fabric transition of olivine from the A-type to B-type LPO was resulted from the deformation in a water-rich condition during the exhumation process. The B-type LPO of olivine is important because it is the one of the possible mechanisms for causing the trench-parallel seismic anisotropy in the mantle wedge. A partial fabric transition from the A-type to the B-type LPO of olivine associated with the localized deformation in a water-rich condition might explain a weak seismic anisotropy observed in NE Japan or Mexico. Amphiboles in the amphibole-rich layer showed the Type-III LPO of amphibole (Ko & Jung, 2015). It is found that strong fabric strength and the resultant seismic anisotropy of amphibole can perform a similar role as other hydrous minerals such as serpentine or chlorite on the trench-parallel seismic anisotropy with the flow dipping along the subducting slab in the mantle wedge.</p><p> </p><p>Jung, H., Karato, S., 2001, Science, 293, 1460-1463.</p><p>Ko, B., Jung, H., 2015, Nature Communications, 6: 6586.</p>

Extracting fiber length distributions from dual-beard fibrographs with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm

Fiber length is a critical cotton fiber property that impacts yarn strength, yarn evenness, and ultimately fabric strength and appearance. In this paper, a new fiber fibrograph method was presented for accurate measurements of fiber length distributions (FLDs). The method, called the dual-beard fibrograph (DBF), was based on the transmission image of a combed sample with two tapered fiber ends/beards, and the approximation of the fibrograph with a series of triangular base functions. A desktop scanner was used to generate the transmission image of a dual-beard sample, and essential image-processing algorithms were utilized to mitigate image differences originating from variations in the scanning condition (e.g., brightness, resolution) and the sample condition (e.g., weight, orientation). The fibrograph approximation was implemented by minimizing a cost function that contains the sum of squared errors between the DBF and the ensemble of the weighted triangular base functions, and the regularization term that stabilizes the optimization with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The minimization eventually determined the optimal weights of the triangular base functions, which defined the FLDs of the scanned image. Important length measurements currently used in the industry can be easily calculated from the FLD. It was found that the DBF could correctly detect fiber lengths cut from 5 to 10 mm, respectively, and it could measure the short fiber content change after a known number of short fibers was added to an existing sample. When compared with an existing fiber testing instrument, the DBF was able to output more reasonable cotton length distributions.

TRADITIONAL TEXTILE OF INDIA AND VALUE ADDITION

VALUE ADDITION is the process where we enhance the salability of the product by adding some incentives to it. . A great deal of emphasis is given to the details of the designs and many new colours are introduced in the production of traditional textiles viz., dress materials and shirting’s incorporating traditional motifs like- kantha, kasuti ,worli etc during weaving by Jacquard and dobby mechanism. Thus this study is taken up to revive the traditional textiles. Polycot union woven sareese attained excellent Structural and physical properties viz dimensional stability, better cloth count, cloth stiffness, crease recovery, cloth weight, cloth thickness properties respectively. Polycot union sample had better Abraision Resistance and fabric strength and elongation. Overall respondents opined that pallu designs with compactly woven traditional motifs can also be used to produce toppers, dupatta, stoles and other madeups.The total cost of poly cot pattern sarees was relatively less because of Jacquard shedding mechanism adopted for producing these patterns not only assisted in creating new designs but also saved time, money and labour

Strength nature of two-dimensional woven nanofabrics under biaxial tension

Woven nanostructures have been acknowledged as a platform for solar cells, supercapacitors, and sensors, making them especially of interest in the fields of materials sciences, nanotechnology, and renewable energy. By employing molecular dynamics simulations, the mechanical properties of two-dimensional woven nanofabrics under biaxial tension are evaluated. Two-dimensional woven nanostructures composed of graphene and graphyne nanoribbons are examined. Dynamic failure process of both graphene woven nanofabric and graphyne woven nanofabric with the same woven unit cell initiates at the edge of interlaced ribbons accompanied by the formation of cracks near the crossover location of yarns. Further stress analysis reveals that such failure mode is attributed to the compression between two overlaced ribbons and consequently their deformation under biaxial tension, which is sensitive to the lattice structure of nanoribbon as well as the density of yarns in fabric. Systemic comparisons between nanofabrics with different yarn width and interval show that the strength of nanofabric can be effectively controlled by tuning the space interval between nanoribbons. For nanofabrics with fixed large gap spacing, the strength of fabric does not change with the ribbon width, while the strength of nanofabric with small gap spacing decreases anomalously with the increase in yarn density. Such fabric strength dependency on gap spacing is the result of the stress concentration caused by the interlace compression. The outcomes of simulation suggest that the compacted arrangement of yarns in carbon woven nanofabric structures should be avoided to achieve high strength performance.

INVESTIGATING ANTI CORROSION PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN POLYESTER LAYER FINISHED BY GRAPHENE

Despite technological progress, the corrosion phenomenon has caused many problems and dangers, which are possible to control and decrease by coating metal surfaces and reducing their contact with the environment. The article presents the results of a research, where graphene is used as a key matter due to its unique characteristics: mechanical, electrical, anti-bacterial, flexibility and high resistance to chemicals. Polyester is also used for its good elastic properties, high strength, and water repellency. In the course of the study nonwoven polyester was coated with resin and graphene powder of different percentage and different thickness. Then, the iron was coated with the prepared composite, and finally, the prepared samples were examined for corrosion, fabric strength, anti-bacterial properties and fabric resistance against water penetration. The results show that the effective coating greatly improves the sample parameters. According to analysis of the tests results, the presence of resin with graphene improves properties of polyester. The composite tested is recommended to use as an antibacterial coating material against corrosion for industrial needs.