Inequality of opportunity among Indonesian school children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
Indra Indra ◽  
Suahasil Nazara ◽  
Djoni Hartono ◽  
Sudarno Sumarto
Keyword(s):  
Basic Needs ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Inequality Of Opportunity ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the inequality of opportunity among Indonesian school-age children from 2002 to 2012. It focuses on the possibilities of accessing basic needs, such as primary education, secondary education, electricity and clean water. Design/methodology/approach This paper used three interrelated indicators, namely, coverage access rate, dissimilarity index and human opportunity index. It also applied Shapley decomposition to measure the contributions of each determinant of inequality opportunities. These data were obtained from the National Household Survey conducted in 2002-2012. Findings This study revealed that the level of access to all basic needs, except clean water, was likely to increase with even distribution during the observation period. Moreover, the decomposition results showed that the education of household heads, household income and region (rural-urban) were the main contributors to the total inequality of opportunity. Originality/value This study on the inequality of opportunity is interesting, for it is tightly related to inequality of outcome, i.e. income, expenditure and wealth. It is arguable that the inequality of outcome, nowadays, is a reflection of the past inequality in basic opportunities. Thus, the exploration of potential inequality drivers begins to be increasingly important, as it can assist the policymakers in drawing effective policies to repress the increasing trend of future inequality.

Understanding gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption in disaster-prone smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwile Khoza ◽  
Dewald Van Niekerk ◽  
Livhuwani David Nemakonde
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Purpose Through the application of traditional and contemporary feminist theories in gender mainstreaming, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to emergent debate on gender dimensions in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers in disaster-prone regions. This is important to ensure that CSA strategies are tailored to farmer-specific gender equality goals. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-sequential mixed methods research design which is qualitatively biased was applied. Key informant interviews and farmer focus group discussions in two study sites formed initial qualitative phase whose findings were explored in a quantitative cross-sectional household survey. Findings Findings shared in this paper indicate the predominant application of traditional gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA focusing on parochial gender dichotomy. Qualitative findings highlight perceptions that western gender approaches are not fully applicable to local contexts and realities, with gender mainstreaming in CSA seemingly to fulfil donor requirements, and ignorant of the heterogeneous nature of social groups. Quantitative findings establish that married men are majority adopters and non-adopters of CSA, while dis-adopters are predominantly de jure female household heads. The latter are more likely to adopt CSA than married women whose main role in CSA is implementers of spouse’s decisions. Access to education, intra-household power relations, productive asset and land ownership are socio-cultural dynamics shaping farmer profiles. Originality/value By incorporating African feminisms and intersectionality in CSA, value of this study lies in recommending gender policy reforms incorporating local gender contexts within the African socio-cultural milieu. This paper accentuates potential benefits of innovative blend of both contemporary and classic gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA research, practice and technology development in disaster-prone regions.

Socio-economic contributors to current cigarette smoking among Iranian household heads: findings from a national household survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Masjedi ◽  
Payam Roshanfekr ◽  
Seyran Naghdi ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads

Does coffee production reduce poverty? Evidence from Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Swaibu Mbowa ◽  
Tonny Odokonyero ◽  
Tony Muhumuza ◽  
Ezra Munyambonera
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Quantile Treatment Effect ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of coffee production on poverty among smallholder farmers. Design/methodology/approach National Household Survey data for Uganda were triangulated with qualitative field data. A mix of propensity score matching (PSM) and quantile treatment effect techniques was employed. Findings The results reveal a significant effect of coffee production on poverty reduction, through incremental household consumption expenditure. Households engaged in coffee production are associated with a lower incidence of poverty. The interesting evidence suggests that coffee production is a pro-poor intervention. These findings are confirmed by qualitative assessment that reveals farmers’ welfare improved to greater extent to satisfactory levels from coffee income. Research limitations/implications Econometrically robust strategies were employed to ensure minimal estimation bias; however, the authors are mindful of PSM limitation of selection on observables. Originality/value This paper is part of a limited body of literature that combines quantitative and qualitative assessment, a growing issue in contemporary research. In addition to employing one of the conventional impact evaluation techniques, the paper accounts for heterogeneity in the effects of coffee production.

scholarly journals Determinants of Long-Term Unemployment in Brazil in 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Elano F. Arruda ◽  
Daniel B. Guimarães ◽  
Ivan Castelar ◽  
Pablo U. C. Castelar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Using Data

This work analyzes the determinants of the probability of a Brazilian worker being unemployed for more than a year, using data from the 2013 National Household Survey (PNAD) and applying a probit model. The results show a lower chance of remaining jobless of males, heads of households, those who declared themselves black, younger people, those who completed higher education or are in the process of acquiring it, and residents of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil. The probabilistic scenarios show that the Brazilian workers least likely to remain unemployed for over a year are males, residents in the South or Southeast region, heads of a household, between 36 and 45 years of age, with higher education, with only a 0.6% chance of remaining in that condition. On the other hand, the workers with the highest chance of remaining unemployed are females, between 46 and 65 years old, residents in the North region, illiterate and not household heads, with a 41% probability of remaining unemployed.

Do migrants pass their work ethic to their children? Evidence from the Honduran national household survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-465
Author(s):  
Xudong Chen ◽  
Yingge Lin ◽  
Luc P Noiset
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Purpose – The scholarly literature that examines the economic assimilation of migrant families has focussed on the educational and economic achievements of the children of international migrants relative to the children of native born parents. Lower relative incomes of the children of immigrants might be attributable to discrimination, while higher relative incomes could be attributable to ambitious parents who produce more ambitious children. These potential effects have been difficult to disentangle. The purpose of this paper is to control for discrimination by examining internal migration in Honduras, allowing us to isolate evidence for or against the “ambition” effect. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to ask if the children of migrants are similar or different than their parents in their attitudes toward work and economic advancement. Findings – This study finds that migrants are relatively hard workers in the sense that they experience relatively high marginal effects on earnings from improved socio-economic characteristics, such as years of schooling. The study also finds that these migrants do not pass on this hard-work ethic to their children, who experience much smaller marginal effects from increased years of schooling and other socio-economic characteristics. Originality/value – This study demonstrates that the children of migrants do not necessarily inherit the ambitious work ethic characteristic of their migrant parents. This result has important implications for studies that examine the assimilation and economic progress of migrant families, particularly those studies that use second-generation earnings as a measure of assimilation and economic progress.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and heterogeneous vulnerabilities in the Peruvian labor market: implications for social inequalities and for gender gaps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Luz Durán
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Joint Strategy ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Individual Perspective

AbstractUsing quarterly data from the 2020 Peruvian National Household Survey (ENAHO), this paper estimates the differentiated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a set of labor market indicators, such as labor participation, occupational categories, informality, and number of hours worked. The impacts are calculated from an individual perspective (effects on the activities of the heads of household and their spouses, distinguishing them according to sex) and also from a joint strategy perspective among the partners. The results indicate that the intersectionalities of vulnerability considered (rural/urban area, and those contained in the type of households and in the situation of single-parenting or two-parenting of household heads and their spouses) determine that women, who live in rural areas, have children and do not have a partner were the most affected by the global health crisis.

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