scholarly journals Bringing ethics into governance: the case of the UK COVID-19 contact tracing app

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Federica Lucivero
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
App Development ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Governance Processes

PurposeIn April 2020, it was announced that NHSX, a unit of the UK National Health Service (NHS) responsible for digital innovation, was developing a contact tracing app that would offer a digital solution to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the urgency with which the app was developed, a clear commitment was made to designing the technology in a way that enshrined key ethical principles, and an ethics advisory board (EAB) was established to provide timely advice, guidance and recommendations on associated ethical issues. Alongside this, there were extensive criticisms of how NHSX adhered to ethical principles in the handling of the app development-criticisms that require empirical exploration. This paper explores how ethics was incorporated into decision-making during governance processes associated with the development of app.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with those involved in the app's development/governance, those with a consulting role associated with the app, or those who sat on the EAB.FindingsThe EAB fulfilled an important role by introducing ethical considerations to app developers. Though at times, it was difficult to accommodate key ethics principles into governance processes, which sometimes suffered from little accountability.Originality/valueWhile several articles have provided overviews of ethical issues, or explored public perceptions towards contact tracing apps, to the best the authors, knowledge this is the first empirical piece analysing ethics governance issues via stakeholder interviews.

Ethical Considerations for Psychophysiology Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Roger A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
British Psychological Society ◽  
The Uk

All psychology research should strictly adhere to ethical principles outlined by the researcher's local governing body. In the UK, this is the British Psychological Society (BPS). However, in papers advising on methodology used in psychophysiology (a research area within psychology), issues linked to ethics are rarely mentioned despite the invasive nature of this type of research. Guidelines published by local governing bodies are never mentioned. In this paper, important ethical issues in psychophysiology research are discussed with respect to BPS guidelines. Recommendations are made for ensuring ethical practice when conducting psychophysiology research. This paper is intended for those new to psychophysiology research (postgraduate and undergraduate students) and should be read in conjunction with the BPS ‘Code of ethics and conduct’.

Ethical Issues at Work: A Comparative Study between UK and Indian Managers

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Seema Sanghi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
The Uk

The objective of the paper is to study ethical stances taken by Indian managers on issues related to redundancy and to compare them with those of UK. The responses of Indian and UK managers to ethical issues are assessed using a research instrument called ‘Redundancy’ against eight ethical stances. The findings suggest that Indian managers in comparison to UK managers take ethical puzzle stance less frequently when responding to ethical issues at work. The UK managers tend to look at the issue with a systematic approach collecting enough data for identifying the most suitable answer whereas the Indian managers experience a tension between their ethical beliefs and those they are required to apply at work. Nevertheless, Indian managers show important ethical considerations from family and other social connections.

Empowerment or exposure? Ethical dilemmas of visual methods with vulnerable migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Melissa Hauber-Özer ◽  
Meagan Call-Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Participatory Inquiry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a typology of the treatment of ethical issues in recent studies using visual participatory methods with immigrants and refugees and provide insights for researchers into how these issues can be more adequately addressed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of a scoping study as a typology of ethical considerations, from standard IRB approval to complete ethical guidelines/frameworks for research with refugee/migrant populations.FindingsThe review reveals that there is a broad spectrum of ethical considerations in the use of visual participatory methods with migrants, with the majority only giving cursory or minimal attention to the particular vulnerabilities of these populations.Originality/valueThis paper encourages university-based researchers conducting participatory inquiry with migrant populations to engage in deeper critical reflection on the ethical implications of these methods in keeping with PAR's ethico-onto-epistemological roots, to make intentional methodological choices that are congruent with those roots and to be explicit in their description of how they did this as they disseminate their work.

scholarly journals Lebanese Doctors Facing the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Practical and Ethical Issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gebara ◽  
Georges Dabar ◽  
Roland Eid ◽  
Fady Ghassan Haddad ◽  
Hampig Raphael Kourie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of health care providers is essential to maintain the functioning of the health care system. Physicians accept a primary ethical duty to place the wellbeing and health of their patients above their own welfares. However, does the duty to patient well-being have any limit? Two ethical concerns are debated: public health’s ethical principles and medical ethics values. We aimed in this study to assess Lebanese physicians’ attitudes, practice and ethical considerations when treating their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods: It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2020 among a random sample of Lebanese physicians, using a questionnaire based mainly on a five-point Likert numerical scale to make the answers more reliable and valid. The questionnaire focused on the medical practice during the pandemic and the ethical considerations in public health and in medical practice. It also evaluates the physicians’ point of view toward the management of the pandemic in Lebanon. Results: A total of 318 physicians responded, with a mean age of 40 years. Five doctors of the total were affected by the COVID-19 infection (1.6%). 51.4% of medical specialists considered themselves to be at a higher risk of contracting the infection, while 52.3% of surgeons stated that they were at a lower risk. Doctors were neutral regarding treating patients according to any priority and discontinuing the ventilation of any patient with bad prognosis. The majority of doctors disagreed regarding the respect of the patient’s autonomy in refusing COVID-19 treatment with a mean score of 1.7/5. Finally, doctors expressed a neutral opinion regarding the ability of the country to manage such a pandemic with a mean score of 3.1/5. Conclusion: Although physicians recognize that they are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, they assume their responsibilities and their duty to treat, and they were neutral against any prioritization in treatment approach. However, applying the four ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice) may become challenging. Hence, more medical and ethical recommendations are required to guide physicians during this pandemic.

The entrepreneur: a new breed of health service leader?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Exton
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Service Leader ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThis paper aims to critically examine the notion of entrepreneurship in the UK National Health Service (NHS), promoted by government ministers and senior civil servants as part of the rhetoric of the modernisation agenda.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores literature on entrepreneurship in the private and public sector and qualitative case study evidence on the emergence (and non‐emergence) of “entrepreneurs” who led the improving working lives (IWL) initiative in the UK National Health Service and discusses the issues involved.FindingsThe rhetoric serves an essentially ideological function, obscuring the real difficulty of securing effective and sustainable change, in organisations with deeply engrained power structures and as complex and intransient as the NHS in particular and health services more generally.Practical implicationsA “new breed of entrepreneurial leaders” may eventually appear but they face the challenge of surviving in the hierarchical NHS culture and in a climate of turbulent change created by the volatility of government policy.Originality/valueThe paper shows that efforts to pursue entrepreneurship in the UK NHS have to overcome obstacles involving the interplay of power, gender and language.

Ethical Issues in Rural Nursing Practice in Botswana

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A Akinsola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Professional Misconduct ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Rural Nursing ◽  
The Uk

The concern for ethical principles and values is not limited to health professionals alone. However, ethical principles in nursing act as safety valves for social control to prevent professional misconduct and abuse of the rights of clients. As a result of colonial experience, developing countries like Botswana usually follow the European lead, especially examples from the UK. This article examines the ethical problems and dilemmas associated with rural nursing practice in Botswana, a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa. The major ethical problems identified are related to the distribution of and access to health resources in rural communities. It is proposed that nurses must assume responsibility in the field of access and allocation by working collaboratively with governments and other professional bodies, and that nurses as a global community must work together as a team to support each other.

Ethical considerations in doing and disseminating project management research

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A. Lundin
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Journal Editor ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
Good Research ◽  
Rules Of The Game

PurposeThe purpose of this research note is to provide some guidance on the ethical issues surrounding submitting academic papers for publication.Design/methodology/approachThis is a reflective paper based upon the author's experience as an author, reviewer, journal editor and chair of research tracks in conference proceedings.FindingsThe contention is that there are many temptations and potential pitfalls for researchers in action as well as in publishing. At the same time there are many written and unwritten rules for such instances and the boundaries of the acceptable are not always clear.Research limitations/implicationsThe publish or perish ideology is at the root of many temptations. Without good research results and without publishing there is no way for a researcher to survive in academia and as a researcher. The concerns in project research do not appear too different from any kind of management research, however. Hence, the attempt here is to cover management research in general and to outline what might be specific for project management.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is that it clarifies the “rules of the game” in academic publishing, especially where authors are concerned about the acceptable degree of content overlap and specialization to meet specific themes between similar papers they submit for publication.

scholarly journals Failure demand: a concept evaluation in UK primary care

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Walley ◽  
Pauline Found ◽  
Sharon Williams
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess failure demand as a lean concept that assists in waste analysis during quality improvement activity. The authors assess whether the concept’s limited use is a missed opportunity to help us understand improvement priorities, given that a UK Government requirement for public service managers to report failure demand has been removed. Design/methodology/approach The authors look at the literature across the public sector and then apply the failure demand concept to the UK’s primary healthcare system. The UK National Health Service (NHS) demand data are analysed and the impact on patient care is elicited from patient interviews. Findings The study highlighted the concept’s value, showing how primary care systems often generate failure demand partly owing to existing demand and capacity management practices. This demand is deflected to other systems, such as the accident and emergency department, with a considerable detrimental impact on patient experience. Research limitations/implications More research is needed to fully understand how best to exploit the failure demand concept within wider healthcare as there are many potential barriers to its appropriate and successful application. Practical implications The authors highlight three practical barriers to using failure demand: first, demand within the healthcare system is poorly understood; second, systems improvement understanding is limited; and third, need to apply the concept for improvement and not just for reporting purposes. Originality/value The authors provide an objective and independent insight into failure demand that has not previously been seen in the academic literature, specifically in relation to primary healthcare.

scholarly journals Agency and empowerment in consumption in relation to a patriarchal bargain

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1652-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lindridge ◽  
Lisa Peñaloza ◽  
Onipreye Worlu
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This research aims to explore how female immigrants use consumption to challenge and support their husband's position within the context of their patriarchal bargain. Design/methodology/approach The sample group (n = 20) consisted of ten first-generation Nigerian immigrant married couples living in Britain, who were interviewed together, with the married female then re-interviewed separately. Findings This paper demonstrates how women transition from being a wife in a consanguine family in Nigeria, which they describe as patriarchal, to becoming one within a nuclear family in the UK, a society to which they attribute gender equality. Nigerian immigrant women alter their ways of thinking and consuming, with implications to their agency and empowerment. In particular, consumption choices demonstrated the limits of these women’s willingness to challenge their patriarchal bargain and instead often colluded with their husbands to maintain his position as the head of the family. Practical implications Immigrant women should not be seen as passive receptors of their male partner’s wishes or demands, but instead active participators in purchasing and consumption decisions. Although marketing encourages direct targeting of customers, this approach raises a number of ethical issues for female African immigrants. Originality/value Previous research on the consumption behaviour of immigrants is limited in scope and tends to focus on male immigrants, with female immigrants either invisible or stereotyped. Compounding this problem are disciplinary, geographical and linguistic barriers that hinder social scientists' research into the consumption of female migration. This paper works to address these omissions.

Principlism in paramedicine: an examination of applied healthcare ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Ebbs ◽  
Hamish Carver ◽  
Dominique Moritz
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Healthcare Ethics ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

Principlism is arguably the dominant recognised ethical framework used within medicine and other Western health professions today, including the UK paramedic profession. It concerns the application of four principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. This article examines the theory and practice of principlism, and shows how it is used in daily paramedic practice and decision-making. Practical guidance on applying ethics in paramedicine, illustrated with scenarios, is also provided. This is the first in a series of three articles on paramedic ethics. This series complements the Journal of Paramedic Practice's concurrent CPD˚series on paramedic law in the UK. Later articles in this series will examine the complex ethical issues that can accompany end-of-life care, and ethical considerations relating to treatment of vulnerable persons including children.

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