Empowerment or exposure? Ethical dilemmas of visual methods with vulnerable migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Melissa Hauber-Özer ◽  
Meagan Call-Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Participatory Inquiry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a typology of the treatment of ethical issues in recent studies using visual participatory methods with immigrants and refugees and provide insights for researchers into how these issues can be more adequately addressed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of a scoping study as a typology of ethical considerations, from standard IRB approval to complete ethical guidelines/frameworks for research with refugee/migrant populations.FindingsThe review reveals that there is a broad spectrum of ethical considerations in the use of visual participatory methods with migrants, with the majority only giving cursory or minimal attention to the particular vulnerabilities of these populations.Originality/valueThis paper encourages university-based researchers conducting participatory inquiry with migrant populations to engage in deeper critical reflection on the ethical implications of these methods in keeping with PAR's ethico-onto-epistemological roots, to make intentional methodological choices that are congruent with those roots and to be explicit in their description of how they did this as they disseminate their work.

BSAS Ethical Policy British Society of Animal Science Ethical guidelines for research in animal science

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jarvis ◽  
J.E.L. Day ◽  
B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
British Society ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Animal science research is important in relation to our understanding of animals, their function and performance, and their relationships with their social and physical environments. Animal science research covers a wide range of disciplines and so can lead to the use of a variety of experimental techniques on animals for many different purposes. This has the potential to lead to a multitude of diverse ethical issues. Members of the British Society of Animal Science and authors of papers submitted to the Society for publication come from countries around the world and therefore are subject to differences in legislative requirements and recommendations regarding animal experimentation. These legal requirements, along with the ethical implications of the research must be fully considered before any experimental work is undertaken.

scholarly journals Epistemic and ethical considerations in the direct-to-consumer health and ancestry genetic testing process

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Huerne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
The Cost

Background: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is a popular and fast-growing field within the healthcare industry. Consumers often pursue DTC-GT without a clear understanding of its epistemic and medical limitations. This report will present the current state of DTC-GT technology, and highlight the ethical, legal and social issues of DTC-GT. Methods: Quantitative methods such as systematic reviews were used to evaluate the field of DTC-GT. Experimental data was taken from randomized control trials and case studies of 23andMe. Qualitative methods such as newspaper articles and surveys were also used. Relevant policies and regulatory information were analyzed in the context of 23andMe. Broader ethical issues are analyzed from the social disability model and feminist ethics frameworks. Results: Several aspects of direct-to-consumer genetic testing are outlined: (i) regulatory and legal distinctions of DTC-GT that separate its use from conventional genetic testing, (ii) epistemic issues of the genetic testing process within the direct-to-consumer context, and (iii) ethical considerations of DTC-GT in regard to genetic health and genetic ancestry. Conclusion: This report does not take a position for or against the use of DTC-GT; rather, it highlights the key ethical issues often missed in the DTC-GT process. There is no perfect method for understanding genetic health and race. DTC-GT offer consumers the ease and power of taking genetic data ‘in their own hands’, at the cost of exacerbating geneticization and race essentialism. Until further work is done to address the epistemic, regulatory and legal issues, ethical implications of DTC-GT usage will continue to exist.

Participant Photography as a Research Tool: Ethical Issues and Practical Implementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-399
Author(s):  
Leeanne O’Hara ◽  
Kathryn Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Research Drug

Participatory methods for engaging children and young people in research are becoming more popular and innovative in social research. One example of this is the inclusion of participant photography. Drawing on an ethnographic study conducted in Northern Ireland, this article explores the application of participant photography to research drug use and antisocial behavior among youth. Findings highlight issues surrounding implementation when in the field, building on the existing knowledge base and focusing on recruitment, continuous engagement, image presentation, and analysis. This is followed by an overview of ethical considerations including specific issues relating to researcher and participant safety.

Ethics in Neonatal Pain Research

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Axelin ◽  
Sanna Salanterä
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Neonatal Pain ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Parental Informed Consent

A literature review of 98 articles concerning clinical pain research in newborn infants was conducted to evaluate how researchers report the ethical issues related to their studies and how journals guide this reporting. The articles were published in 49 different scientific journals. The ethical issues most often mentioned were parental informed consent (94%) and ethical review approval (87%). In 75% of the studies the infants suffered pain during the research when placebo, no treatment or otherwise inadequate pain management was applied. Discussion about benefits versus harm to research participants was lacking. A quarter of the journals did not have any ethical guidelines for submitted manuscripts. We conclude that ethical considerations did not play a significant role in the articles studied. Missing and superficial guidelines enable authors to offer studies with fragile research ethics.

Ethical Considerations for Mental Health Providers Responding to Disasters and Emergencies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel B. Thielman ◽  
Glenn Goss
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Dual Agency

Ethical considerations in psychiatry may have spiritual dimensions that are not always apparent to mental health providers. The ethical issues faced by responders to disasters and emergencies can be particularly thorny because ethical guidelines from professional bodies frequently do not address particular situations that arise in disaster settings. This chapter discusses the issue of dual agency in disaster situations. It also addresses concerns about psychiatric competencies in disaster response, especially where no guidelines exist. It addresses concerns raised by the need for documentation and confidentiality and discusses the limits of psychiatric explanatory models during times of disaster. Additionally, the chapter reviews ethical and spiritual dimensions of specific psychosocial interventions when used with the general public affected by disasters in non-Western cultural settings.

Qualitative research ethics on the spot

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Øye ◽  
Nelli Øvre Sørensen ◽  
Stinne Glasdam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Review Boards

Background: The increase in medical ethical regulations and bureaucracy handled by institutional review boards and healthcare institutions puts the researchers using qualitative methods in a challenging position. Method: Based on three different cases from three different research studies, the article explores and discusses research ethical dilemmas. Objectives and ethical considerations: First, and especially, the article addresses the challenges for gatekeepers who influence the informant’s decisions to participate in research. Second, the article addresses the challenges in following research ethical guidelines related to informed consent and doing no harm. Third, the article argues for the importance of having research ethical guidelines and review boards to question and discuss the possible ethical dilemmas that occur in qualitative research. Discussion and conclusion: Research ethics must be understood in qualitative research as relational, situational, and emerging. That is, that focus on ethical issues and dilemmas has to be paid attention on the spot and not only at the desktop.

The legal, governance and ethical implications of involving service users and carers in research

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-831
Author(s):  
Virginia Minogue ◽  
Mary Cooke ◽  
Anne-Laure Donskoy ◽  
Penny Vicary
Keyword(s):  
Service User ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Ethical Implications

Purpose Service user and carer involvement in all aspects of the health and care research process, from co-applicant on funding applications to active engagement in a research study, is now a requirement for most research funders. However, as co-production increases and service users and carers take on more responsibilities, this involvement has legal, governance and ethical implications. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the issues and consider potential solutions. Design/methodology/approach Experiences of engagement as co-applicants in research funding applications, of involvement as research study team members, and as co-researchers were gathered from a range of service user and carer experts. Consultation and a workshop gathered further evidence from a range of stakeholders across the research management community. Findings Service users and carers, who contribute to the research protocol and process, feel a strong sense of responsibility to ensure the high quality of a research study. However, they may be new to their roles, status and key responsibilities when acting as project team members, co-researchers or co-applicants engaging in funding applications. The responsibility of sponsors, grant holding organisations, funders and other members of the research community is to communicate with and support service users and carers in those roles. More needs to be done to understand the contractual, a legal and governance issues and responsibilities that are specific to service user and carer co-applicants, project team members and co-researchers, from both an organisational and individual service user and carer perspective. Practical implications The implications of the findings are to raise awareness of the practical, legal and ethical issues arising from this type of involvement and the potential risks arising from lack of cohesion or understanding. The review also highlights the concerns and barriers service users and carers may find in becoming involved. Originality/value The findings highlight a range of issues for research regulators, sponsors and investigators to consider to ensure service users and carers can fulfil their responsibilities and be supported in doing so.

New employee onboarding – psychological contracts and ethical perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Caldwell ◽  
Ray Peters
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Employee ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical implications of treating new employees with high consideration and respect for their needs and to explain how this expectation honors the psychological contract between employers and their incoming employees. By providing a specific model for improving the onboarding process, this paper also provides helpful information for practitioners in addressing this important task. Design/methodology/approach The process for onboarding and assimilating new employees in the modern organization is often ineffective – despite the fact that this important task is acknowledged to be vital to the success of those employees and important to their organizations. This conceptual paper addresses the problems of new employee orientation from an ethical and psychological contract perspective and suggests a ten-step model to improve the onboarding process. Findings The paper confirms that onboarding is not done well by organizations, that employees expect that they will be treated with appropriate concern for their interests as part of their assumptions in coming into a new organization, that onboarding new employees is fraught with ethical implications, and that the process can be greatly improved by following the ten-step model provided. Research limitations/implications The paper provides opportunities for practitioners to apply their proposed model and enables scholars to test the impact of incorporating the steps of the ten-step onboarding model. Practical implications Ineffective onboarding has significant ramifications not only for the efficiency of organizations but also for the effectiveness of incoming employees. Understanding the implicit ethical issues in the onboarding process enables organizations to improve the employer-employee relationship and honor their responsibilities to incoming employees. Social implications In a world where trust in leaders and organizations has declined, understanding the implications of the psychological contract expectations of incoming employees and honoring an organization’s obligations to those employees is likely to increase employee trust and commitment while benefiting the organizations that apply the proposed model. Originality/value The topic of onboarding employees has not been fully understood by busy organizations and this paper addresses the ethical and psychological implications of effective onboarding and its contributing value for both the organization and the new employees affected by the onboarding process. The ten-step model provides a useful checklist for human resources staff and for the organizational leaders who oversee them.

Outing autoethnography: an exploration of relational ethics in queer autoethnographic research

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Kerri Mesner
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Relational Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Scholarly Discussion

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to open up a deeper, more complex discussion about ethical issues in queer autoethnography, by moving beyond either an outline of seminal autoethnographic thinkers, instigators, and writers, or a simple rearticulation of the key issues currently under discussion within the field of autoethnographic ethics. Design/methodology/approach – The author’s intention is to queer autoethnographic ethics – that is, to employ queering as a verb, and to queerly examine autoethnographic scholars through the problematizing lenses of unexamined privilege, and of potential ethical violence to the researcher. After this, the author turns to theological writers to help us to queer the notions of ethical certainty, challenging our fear of ideological uncertainty, our fear of the body, and our fear of ambiguity. Findings – This paper offers a more expansive and challenging approach to traditional autoethnographic ethical guidelines. It also raises several significant questions for ongoing scholarly discussion in the field. Originality/value – It is hoped is that this paper will open up new possibilities and trajectories in the ongoing debates about autoethnographic ethics.

Ethical Considerations in Using Social Media to Engage Research Participants: Perspectives of Australian Researchers and Ethics Committee Members

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Hokke ◽  
Naomi J. Hackworth ◽  
Shannon K. Bennetts ◽  
Jan M. Nicholson ◽  
Patrick Keyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Human Research Ethics ◽  
Additional Support

Researchers increasingly use social media (SM) to recruit, retain, and trace participants, yet empirical literature investigating the ethics of engaging participants via SM is lacking. We conducted a survey of 401 Australian researchers and human research ethics committee (HREC) members to examine their experience, attitudes, and ethical concerns toward engaging participants via SM. Data revealed that researchers and HREC members share similar concerns and attitudes about using SM in general and in research. We identified a strong demand for additional support, training, and guidance on SM research ethics. This need reflects researchers’ and HREC members’ limited confidence and knowledge of ethical issues in this context and a lack of awareness of available SM-specific ethical guidelines.

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