Analysis of factors affecting the realization of right to adequate housing in Iran: developing an interpretive-structural model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Zarghamfard ◽  
Abolfazl Meshkini
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Access to adequate housing represents a right entitled to any individual, as has been acknowledged by all states around the world. In Iran, despite the declaration of this right as per the Article 31 of Iran’s Constitution, it is yet to be realized. The purpose of this study is to developing a model for realization of the right to the adequate housing. Design/methodology/approach The present research was performed through a guided qualitative method. Structural-interpretative modeling was performed to present the model of right to adequate housing, and Mic Mac analysis was conducted for clustering the identified factors. Statistical population was composed of housing experts, with the samples taken via purposive sampling technique. Findings Based on the findings, the following factors were found to impose the largest effects on the realization of the right to adequate housing: alignment with ideology and beliefs of society; governance structure related arrangements; social structure related arrangements; improving security of tenure; justice in tenure; and local requirements. Practical implications Findings of this research contributes to increasing the awareness of the housing officials about their policies, reminding them the necessity of revisiting their routines for policy-setting. Indeed, they must switch from centralized policymaking to localized (provincealization) policymaking. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to investigate the right to adequate housing in Iran, elaborating on the relationship between relevant theories and practical issues.

Relationship between governance mechanisms and contract performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayashankar Maurya ◽  
Amit Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Incomplete Contracts ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contract Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the variation in the relationship between governance mechanisms and the effect of the relationship on contract performance, especially in controlling partner opportunism. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a comparative case analysis of contract governance of “National Health Insurance Program” in India. The data are collected using field research through in-depth interviews and direct observation across three states in India. Findings The authors find that the governance mechanisms continue to complement and substitute, both in a dynamic manner, but until aligned with the nature of transaction, they are ineffective to mitigate opportunism, a critical dimension of contract performance. Inappropriate governance mechanisms inflate the gaps in incomplete contracts, resulting in partner opportunism. Research limitations/implications The study draws findings from healthcare context and service-based contracting; therefore, the applicability of this study may vary in other contexts. Practical implications The paper highlights the need for building flexibility in the governance structure while designing contracts. Further, managers need to combine both governance mechanisms dynamically to align with the nature of the transaction to control partner opportunism. Originality/value The authors contribute to the existing debate on the conundrum of the relationship between governance mechanisms and provide a new explanation. The authors propose that it is not the specific governance mechanisms but the alignment of the governance mix with the nature of the transaction that determines the contract performance, especially control of partner opportunism.

How to build a business

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to deconstruct entrepreneurial orientation (EO) using a business model framework. Design/methodology/approach – Develops a conceptual approach supported by illustrative case studies that show how five Swedish small-to-medium-sized enterprises identified entrepreneurial opportunities and how they then modified their business model to exploit them. Findings – What makes an enterprise enterprising? What distinguishes these firms from the conservative, steady-as-she-goes, take-no-risks company quietly supplying its chosen market and expecting to do so for many more? Intuitively you might expect that entrepreneurial activities would be better rewarded – but researchers evaluating the link between EO and firm performance have found ambiguous results. So are we asking the right questions? And are we measuring the right things? Practical implications – Shows that companies can be entrepreneurial in some parts of their business model and more cautious in their approach to other activities. Social implications – Draws attention to the way that differences in entrepreneurs’ background, skills and growth ambitions affect their firm’s activities. Originality/value – Highlights opportunities for further research clarifying the relationship between EO and firm performance.

The Interpretive Structural Model of EPC Project Risk Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3269-3272
Author(s):  
Jing Min Wang ◽  
Yan Mei Li ◽  
Yi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Contracting ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
The Relationship

Project invested with a type of Energy Performance Contracting has many stakeholders and its structure is complex. Risk factors produced from it are so widespread that its hard to control the risks of EPC project. Analyzing EPC project risks with interpretive structural model, solving reachability matrix and establishing Interpretive Structural Model to identify the relationship between factors and the surface, middle and deep risk factors affecting EPC project based on determination of risks, which provides a reference for policies and measures formulation of the relevant departments.

Effects of comparability of promotions on inaction inertia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hsien Liu ◽  
Hsuan-Yi Chou
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Current

PurposeBased on mental accounting theory, this study explored whether the comparability of missed and subsequent promotional formats/frames affects inaction inertia.Design/methodology/approachFour experiments with imaginary and incentive-compatible designs were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsConsumers are more likely to express inaction inertia after having missed a comparable promotion than after having missed a noncomparable promotion. Devaluation of the promoted target mediates the impact of comparability on inaction inertia, while referent others' actions do not moderate the comparability effect. Finally, when consumers accept a subsequent inferior promotion, they prefer using a different payment format because it reduces comparability of the two promotions.Practical implicationsCompanies should use different promotional formats/frames to reduce comparability and inaction inertia when a new promotion is relatively inferior to a recent previous one. Companies should offer different payment options to help customers actively avoid comparing a current promotion with a missed promotion.Originality/valueThis study provides a more comprehensive conceptual structure for understanding the relationship between psychological comparability and inaction inertia. It provides insights into what actions companies should take to reduce inaction inertia. Furthermore, this study empirically tests the influence of multiple comparison referents, which provides a reference point for future studies on the factors affecting inaction inertia. A new method to examine whether consumers actively avoid comparisons is used, which clarifies the internal mechanism of inaction inertia.

Perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isyaku Salisu ◽  
Norashidah Hashim ◽  
Munir Shehu Mashi ◽  
Hamza Galadanchi Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Career Success ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Achievement ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Collectivist Society

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of grit (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort) on entrepreneurial career success (career satisfaction, perceived career achievement and perceived financial attainment) through the role of resilience. Design/methodology/approach The study was cross-sectional, and the data were collected using questionnaires from 111 entrepreneurs in Nigeria who have been in business for over five years and were selected using purposive sampling technique. The study used Smart-PLS to assess the measurement and structural model. Findings The perseverance of effort was related to all the aspects of career success as well as resilience. But consistency of interest was positively related to only perceived financial attainment. It also predicted resilience. Resilience was also related to all the facets of career success. All three mediation hypotheses were supported. Research limitations/implications The study delivered fascinating understandings into the structures of grit. The Western conceptualisation of grit may not be valid in a collectivist society where consistency is not that very much considered. Practical implications The study helps to further validate grit in the entrepreneurship field; the construct is a facilitator of entrepreneurial action and an indispensable source of energy that can revitalise the entrepreneur along the arduous road to success. Originality/value The two components of grit can have a dissimilar influence on different outcomes – as prior investigations, although recognising that the two components are conceptually dissimilar, have rarely studied them so empirically.

Political advertising and voting behaviour in a nascent democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-847
Author(s):  
Raef Abdennadher ◽  
Lazhar Ayed ◽  
Bronwyn P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Political Advertising ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of political advertising on voter attitude and the processes of decision-making in the specific context of the inaugural democratic experience of post-revolutionary Tunisia. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in Tunisia, where the target respondents included Tunisian’s eligible to vote during the presidential campaign of October 2014. The study uses questionnaires for data collection using a convenience sampling technique. Findings The major findings of the study are that the persuasion power of advertising has a direct impact on voter involvement, trust and attitude towards voting. Specifically, involvement significantly influences a voter’s attitude. The hypothesis on the impact of trust on attitude, and the hypothesis related to the mediating role of trust and involvement were rejected. Research limitations/implications The study recommends specialists in political advertising and politicians themselves give consideration to the trust and involvement considerations of the Tunisian voter, to enhance and optimize the quality and credibility of political advertising in the future. Practical implications The research offers some interesting findings for professionals in political advertising, for companies operating in political research, or advertising agencies. In this context, advertising agencies need to give prescient consideration to the trust of the voter by developing a credible and believable discourse. Social implications In the context of a nascent democracy, it is very important to educate people so they become familiarized with the practices of democracy, and to give them the ability to make the right choice. The study recommends specialists in political advertising and also politicians give consideration to the trust and involvement considerations of the Tunisian voter, to enhance and optimize the quality and credibility of political advertising. Originality/value This research paper related to political advertising can be used to formulate appropriate political advertising strategies and to ameliorate and optimize the advertising discourse in the context of a nascent democracy.

Analysis of interactions among the enablers of mass customization

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Ullah ◽  
Rakesh Narain
Keyword(s):  
Mass Customization ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Effort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeCurrent dynamic and turbulent business environment calls for adopting newer strategies so that organizations can create a niche for itself in the market, mass customization (MC) being one of them. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical enablers necessary to realize the objectives of MC, study the relationship among them and prioritize them in order of their importance so that a clear roadmap can be easily prepared for successful implementation of MC.Design/methodology/approachA portfolio of enablers of MC has been elicited from a thorough review of literature and experts’ opinion. Then, contextually relevant relations are chosen for each pair. In addition, a hierarchy-based structural model is developed by using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique.FindingsThe findings classify the enablers into different groups according to their driving and dependence power. The findings show the enablers of strategic importance that need focused attention. This paper develops a structural model including hierarchy of enablers that forms a basis for the firms considering transition to MC.Practical implicationsThis paper allows the firms to differentiate the dependent and independent variables and their mutual relationships, also by identifying and establishing the connection and relationships among the enabling practices; firms can better prioritize the resources and implementation effort to successfully provide each customer exactly they want.Originality/valueThis paper happens to be one of the first of its kind in the area of mass customization research that presents a contextual model having a hierarchy of enablers.

The influence of service category, consumers' narcissism and processing mode on service customization consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Taiwen Feng ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Service Customization

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impacts of service category (utilitarian vs hedonic) on chosen degree of uniqueness (CDOU) and consumers' willingness to pay more (WTPM), as well as the moderating roles of consumers' narcissism trait (high vs low) and processing mode (rational vs experiential) on the relationship between service category and CDOU.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts one online experiment-questionnaire study and one between-subject lab experiment to test the hypotheses.FindingsThis study finds that consumers are more likely to choose unique choices in hedonic service customization. Consumers' CDOU has a positive effect on their attitudes toward WTPM. In addition, consumers' processing mode moderates the relationship between service category and CDOU.Practical implicationsThe findings provide new insights into better understanding the factors affecting the choice of service customization and have significant practical implications. First, consumers' different desire for uniqueness of different service should not be neglected when examining the values of service customization. Second, high-level CDOU is quite prevalent for hedonic (vs utilitarian) service customization, especially for consumers with experiential processing mode.Originality/valueWhile previous studies state “need for uniqueness” as a key characteristic of product customization in general, we extend it to intangible service customization and connect it with consumers' WTPM. In addition, the moderating role of individual trait and decision-making processing mode is also checked. Thus, the findings refine the existing understanding of the relationship between uniqueness and service customization.

The right to walk in cities, a comparative review of Macau, Lisbon and Las Vegas

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J.L. Balsas
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze walking activity and recent efforts at augmenting walkability conditions in the cities of Macau, Lisbon and Las Vegas. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted mostly of in-loco observations, pedestrian counts and extensive reviews of the literature, city plans and regulations. Findings The findings include the need to properly design, maintain and retrofit pedestrian facilities, while reducing safety conflicts among street users as well as the establishment and the nurturing of a culture of walking. Research limitations/implications A fivefold international walkability research agenda with implications for other cities around the world is established: the value and the need for comparative studies and best practices; the need for urban design interventions; the cultivation of attractiveness and aesthetics; the implementation of safety, construction and maintenance criteria; and responsible funding programs. Practical implications This paper has twofold implications for stakeholders with direct responsibilities in the design, planning, building and maintenance of streets and public spaces, and for those who simply use those places at their own discretion. Social implications A succinct set of recommendations include the need to augment endogeneity, the need to make cities for people and not for automobiles and commitment to resolving pedestrian safety concerns. Originality/value This paper discusses the factors affecting street vibrancy from both a stakeholder’s and a user’s perspective. The fundamental and inalienable right to walk is analyzed using the WPPFUS framework (walking levels, purposes, primacy of walking, facilities, unique features and safety concerns).

Professionalism among employees in Lebanon: the Lebanese University

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Abou Arraj
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The present paper tries to assess empirically the level of professionalism. In addition, this paper tries to analyze the factors affecting professionalism. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide an empirical assessment of professionalism in a bureaucracy, and second, to assess the relationship of age and education, on the one hand, and bureaucratic professionalism, on the other hand. Because whims make a poor basis for change, an objective empirical assessment of the level of professionalism is provided and that is where the strength of this paper lies. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study are obtained from a survey administered to employees. Findings The findings of this paper are as follows: low professionalism among civil servants in Lebanon, no relationship between professionalism and age of employees and the direct relationship between professionalism and education of employees. Practical implications It is true that the woes of the administration lie in the confessional political system of the country; however, concentrating on contextual and behavioral variables that can be controlled could alleviate the problem. Social implications Recruiting educated employees based on their competency levels may alleviate the behavioral problem and may lead to improved professionalism. Originality/value No previous work was done in this regard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document