Scientific or technological driving force? Constructing a system of national innovative capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Shu-Hao Chang ◽  
Chin-Yuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patent Quality ◽  
Innovative Capacity

Purpose Innovation plays a pivotal role in a national economy and in the research and development of science and technology. Because the elements, capability and development direction of innovation in various countries are dissimilar, national innovative capacity also varies by country. However, previous studies have predominantly measured national innovative capacity through empirical studies by using a single index of innovation output, ignoring that the forms of innovation are heterogeneous across countries and failing to examine the influence exerted by various innovation models on economic development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap by using scientific driving force and technological driving force to present the influence of national innovative capacities on economic development. Design/methodology/approach This study used regression models to test the influence of different national innovative capacities (i.e. scientific and technological driving forces) on economic development and stability. Findings Using the data of 60 countries, this study determined that both scientific and technological driving forces influenced economic development; specifically, scientific driving force affected economic development through technological driving force. Moreover, both research paper quality and patent quality positively influenced economic stability, but patent quality was the mediator. Originality/value This study examined scientific output from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to determine their influence on economic growth and particularly on economic stability, which lacks dedicated studies. This study strives to bridge this gap in the literature by asserting, from the concept of economic resilience, that high-quality science and technology can strengthen the stability of a country’s economy.

Driving forces and structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqi Feng ◽  
Tianshu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the driving forces and structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea. This paper gives the answers for the following questions: How do China’s final demands trigger the growth of its imports from Korea? And what’s the impact of China’s final demands on the import in different industries? Design/methodology/approach Based on the Multi-Regional Input-Output model and World Input-Output Table database, this paper constructs the non-competitive imports input-output (IO) table of China to Korea. According to this table, we can calculate the induced imports coefficient and comprehensive induced import coefficients of China’s four final demands for imports from Korea in the 56 industries in China. Findings Among the four driving forces, the strongest one is changes in inventories and valuables. The impact of final consumption expenditure and fixed capital formation is much lower than that of changes in inventories and valuables, but they have a broader impact for the 56 industries. This paper finds out the China’s import induction of the final demands to Korea peaked in 2005 and 2010 and decreased greatly in 2014, so the position of China as market provider for Korea will no longer rise substantially, contrarily it will be in a steady state. Originality/value First, this paper constructs the non-competitive IO table to analyze the market provider issues between two countries and provides practical ways and methods for studies on the issues of imports and market provider. Second, this paper investigates the different roles of four final demands on driving force of China as market provider for Korea and the structural changes of China as a market provider for Korea among 56 industries from 2000 to 2014.

Role and Contribution of Corporate Information Centers toward KM Initiatives: An Analysis of Managers' Perceptions

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Marouf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Library Development ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Innovative Capacity ◽  
Corporate Information

Knowledge, since the late 1990s, has been increasingly seen as a primary business asset, while knowledge management (KM) has been perceived to be the key differentiator between firms in terms of their sustainability, profitability, innovative capacity, and change management. The reason for this interest in knowledge management is the belief that knowledge and its applications are the means by which creativity can be fostered (Nonaka and Nishiguchi, 2000), innovation enabled (Hargadon, 1998), and competencies leveraged so as to improve overall organizational performance. Since knowledge has become the driving force for economic development, attention to the organization and management of information and knowledge has increased tremendously. The knowledge management discourse has also captured the attention of professionals working in the library and information sector. In recent years, a body of literature has emerged that explicitly addresses knowledge management from the perspective of library and information professionals (Broadbent, 1997; Nicholson, 1997; Loughridge, 1999). This literature carries a key assumption that library and information professionals have an important role to play in knowledge management. KM is also assumed to be an instrument in enhancing professional image and role of the information professionals. Yunhua (1999) makes a clear case for library development from the perspective of knowledge management.

A quadruple helix model of entrepreneurship, innovation and stages of economic development

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Galvão ◽  
Carla Mascarenhas ◽  
Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Susana Marques ◽  
Carmem Teresa Leal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the role of entrepreneurship in economic development based on the four dimensions of the quadruple helix model (Government, University, Enterprise and Society) in relation to the three stages of economy defined by the GEM (innovation-, efficiency- and factor-driven economies). In this context, the authors considered a set of variables that allowed them to measure and verify the stimulus that the four helixes represent in economic development. Design/methodology/approach This study was supported on secondary data from the GEM platform for 58 countries, for 2015. SPSS software was used to analyze data, which allowed the use of the ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests, as well as the generalized linear regression. Findings The results show that in the factor-driven economies, there is a greater influence by the industry, while in the efficiency-driven economies, there is homogeneity among the four dimensions, highlighting only the variables “R&D transfer” and “Entrepreneurial Intention”. Because of the constant need for innovation to become more competitive, in the innovation-driven economies, business and government are the most important dimensions. Research limitations/implications Both in the scientific community with future empirical studies that can confirm the relevance of this model to better understanding which dimensions of quadruple helix improve economic development, and in the governmental community, to serve for policies and strategies that stimulate entrepreneurship to foster the transition from one stage of economic development to another. Originality/value Proposal and test of a quadruple helix model, using the variables available in the GEM database, to the three stages of economic development of the economies that were involved in the GEM.

Numerical investigations on delaminated Glare under uni-axial tension

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-570
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhat ◽  
S. Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Purpose – Since failure of laminated composites by delaminations is common, the purpose of this paper is to present a numerical procedure to check the stability of delaminations in fiber metal laminate (Glare), with different possible damage configurations, under uni-axial tension. Deformation behavior of the laminate is also examined. Influence of the type and the extent of damage, represented by varying sizes and number of delaminations, on delamination driving force and laminate deformation is found. Design/methodology/approach – Delaminated Glare is modeled by finite element method. Interface cohesive elements are used to model the delaminations. Finite element results provide the deflection/deformation characteristics of the laminate. Driving forces of delaminations are estimated by J integrals that are numerically obtained over cyclic paths near delamination tips. Laminates with different types of delaminations are also fabricated and externally delaminated for measurement of their interlaminar fracture toughness. The delamination is considered to be stable if its driving force is less than corresponding interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminate. Findings – Delaminations are found to be stable in laminates with lower number of delaminations and unstable in laminates with higher number of delaminations. Increase in size of delaminations increases the deformations but reduces the delamination driving force whereas increase in number of delaminations increases both deformations and driving forces. The trends change in case of laminates with symmetrical damage. Shape of delamination is also found to influence the deformations and driving forces. The finite element model is validated. Research limitations/implications – There is scope for validating the numerical results reported in the paper by theoretical models. Practical implications – Checking the stability of delaminations and their effect on deformation behavior of the laminate helps is assessment of safety and remaining life of the laminate. If failure is predicted, preemptive action is taken by using repair patch ups at identified critical locations in order to avoid failures in service conditions. Originality/value – The paper offers the following benefits: use of cohesive zone method that is readily possible in finite element procedures and is relatively simple, fast and reasonably accurate is demonstrated; suitability of using J integrals over paths crossing non-homogeneous and property mismatched material layers is tested; and influence of the type and the extent of damage in the laminate on its deformation behavior and delamination driving forces is found. This type of work has not been reported so far.

On the relation between knowledge management and university-industry-government collaboration in Brazilian national institutes of science and technology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Xavier Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Seido Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Collaborative Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
University Industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how knowledge management and university-industry-government collaboration – including the triple helix – relate with each other in influencing organizations’ performance. In the competitive environment nowadays, an organization’s ability to create and use knowledge becomes ever more essential in the search for sustainable competitive advantage, even leading to the search for new forms of inter-organizational arrangements. Design/methodology/approach The representatives of such collaborations selected for this study are the National Institutes of Science and Technology. The categorical content analysis technique was used for the qualitative analysis of the data. Findings The principal contribution was the proposal of an analytical model relating the knowledge management and triple helix theories and the proposed dimensions (namely, structural, relational, cognitive and the context), considering the peculiarities of the Brazilian context. The findings show that the organizational structure (structural) influences not only the relationship among members (relational) but also the flow of knowledge (cognitive), as well as how relational elements (collaborative culture, trust and leadership) facilitate knowledge sharing. Moreover, the context affects these three other dimensions. The main obstacles identified were cultural differences, bureaucracy and the socio-economic reality, while facilitators were the existence of technology parks and incubators, government incentives and geographical proximity between universities and industry. Originality/value This topic was chosen as there are few empirical studies that comprehensively relate the topics of knowledge management and university-industry-government cooperation focusing on the Brazilian context.

Effects of supply chain position on the motivation and practices of firms going green

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Driving

Purpose – The aim of this study is to understand the effect of a firm's position in a supply chain in its industry on the attitude of the firm toward green strategies through empirical data analysis. This study aims to answer the following research questions: Do the environmental uncertainties a firm faces differ with the firm's position in the supply chain when going green?, Would the motivation of a firm for going green vary with uncertainties it faces in the supply chain? and Would green-related practices a firm accepts or executes vary with the firm's position in the supply chain? Design/methodology/approach – The case study method was utilized in this study. The main objects are firms in the high-tech industry of Taiwan, and 12 firms were selected for in-depth investigation. The unit of analysis was a firm. Face-to-face in-depth interviews, approximately 90-105 minutes for each, were conducted with each of the 12 cases. The respondents were middle- to high-level managers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Additionally, second-hand information was acquired regarding each case through channels such as firm web sites, documents, and media reports. These integrated data were later utilized in the single-case and cross-case analysis stages. Findings – In this study, firms of Taiwan's high-tech industry are divided into the upstream (raw material supplier), midstream (original design manufacturers/original equipment manufacturer), and downstream (brand company) categories. It is first found the uncertainties a firm encounters when implementing green practices are related to its position in the supply chain. The closer a firm is to the upstream of the supply chain, the higher the competitive uncertainty. In contrast, the closer a firm is to the downstream, the higher the demand uncertainty. Furthermore, the internal and external driving forces of firms in promoting green practices are related to the types of uncertainties the firms encounter in the supply chain. A firm's internal driving force is positively associated with the demand uncertainty it faces, however, negatively with the competition and supply uncertainties. On the other hand, a firm's external driving force is positively associated with the competition and supply uncertainties it faces, however, negatively with the demand uncertainties. Additionally, the association between firm willingness to promote green practices and its position in the supply chain is explored. It is found that, for firms located in the downstream of supply chain, it emphasizes more on the practices of green design, purchase, and internal environmental management. If a firm is located in the midstream of supply chain, it will focus more on the practice of green manufacturing and logistics. Originality/value – This study has expanded the discussion of green supply chain management. It establishes the relationship between the uncertainties and the major driving forces of firms for implementing green practices. This approach is rare in previous literature. Furthermore, past literature has suggested that a specific relationship exists between driving factors and firm practices. The author believes that such a relationship must be based on the position of firms in the supply chain; thus, the author has identified the relationship between supply chain position and green practices.

Can technological innovation spur economic development? The case of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Junarsin ◽  
Mamduh Mahmadah Hanafi ◽  
Nofie Iman ◽  
Usman Arief ◽  
Ahmad Maulin Naufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Innovation in digital technologies has been the main force in promoting growth and inclusion. However, the impact of such innovations remains ambiguous. Within this context, this study aims to analyze the distribution of digitally empowered peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach to estimate the impact of technological innovation in promoting economic development. In particular, this study employs empirical panel data from 135 financial technology (FinTech) companies from 2015 to 2019 and use the dynamic panel threshold regression approach. This study collects secondary data to build the estimated model. Findings Contrary to conventional wisdom, this study’s evidence suggests that there is a delayed effect between the contribution of P2P lending by FinTech firms on economic growth in the country. While the immense growth of FinTech seems promising, the findings indicate that FinTech is far from its optimal point. This study calculates the optimal combination between productive and consumptive lending and between Java and non-Java. In view of this finding, this study proposes strategies to effectively distribute lending and bring about the expected benefit to the economy. Practical implications Since the contribution of P2P lending on economic development has not reached its optimum, the findings expose the limitation of current technological innovation in the financial sectors. In this sense, P2P penetration on the financing market needs encouragement. The calculations for optimal allocation between productive and consumptive and between Java and non-Java provide guidance to policymakers. This study helps practitioners to shape strategy and to begin experimenting with different approaches to distribute loans effectively. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no empirical studies that examine the impact of emerging FinTech companies in promoting economic growth and financial development. The findings close this research gap, especially in regard to innovation management literature, and provide insights for practitioners, policymakers and regulators.

scholarly journals Tax Structure and Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Lumnije Thaçi ◽  
Arbnora Gërxhaliu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Public Revenue ◽  
Negative Link

Abstract The main source of public revenue compared to other sources are Taxes, as in developed countries and developing countries, therefore the tax system has an extraordinary role in sustainable economic development and employment growth. Also, tax policy that acts in a complementary way to monetary policy is of vital importance also due to the preservation of economic stability by limiting the level of inflation and balancing the equilibrium on the market. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the tax structure in developing countries and their comparison with developed countries. In this paper some tax theory will be discussed. It will also be shown for impractical research and their effects on economic development and the growth of social welfare. Although there is no consensus among researchers, most empirical studies show a negative link between public spending and economic growth. However, in order for the tax effects to be the highest in the economy in developing countries, the international trade tax and the VAT should be replaced rather within the country.

Researchers’ competencies in the coming decade: attitudes towards and expectations of the Russian innovation system

foresight ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shmatko
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Competencies ◽  
Innovation Study ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the necessity and sufficiency of researchers’ and engineers’ competencies in the area of science and technology, given oncoming technological changes. Five key questions are addressed concerning the skills and abilities of PhD holders: What competencies do researchers have at present? What competencies are currently used? How valuable are they at the present time? Will they be in demand in 10-15 years? And how relevant are these competencies for working on projects in priority areas of science and technology development? Design/methodology/approach The analysis was based on data collected by two empirical studies conducted in 2010-2013. A survey of researchers and engineers described the issues with competencies related to the areas of science, technology and innovation. Study among 1,884 PhD holders employed in research institutes, universities and enterprises was carried out. In addition, 30 in-depth interviews were also conducted with experts representing the most promising areas of science and technology development in Russia – nanotechnology, biotechnology and the power engineering sectors. Findings The results from quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that general competencies such as fundamental theoretical knowledge, ability to work on projects, teamwork and creativity will be in demand in 10-15 years, rather than highly specialized skills. Employers tend to develop needed skills of researchers involved in innovations directly on the workplace, during the realization of a project. Originality/value This is the first paper to use solid broad statistical evidence to outline a clear idea of the technological and scientific research competencies that would be required in the future.

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