Researchers’ competencies in the coming decade: attitudes towards and expectations of the Russian innovation system

foresight ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shmatko
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Competencies ◽  
Innovation Study ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the necessity and sufficiency of researchers’ and engineers’ competencies in the area of science and technology, given oncoming technological changes. Five key questions are addressed concerning the skills and abilities of PhD holders: What competencies do researchers have at present? What competencies are currently used? How valuable are they at the present time? Will they be in demand in 10-15 years? And how relevant are these competencies for working on projects in priority areas of science and technology development? Design/methodology/approach The analysis was based on data collected by two empirical studies conducted in 2010-2013. A survey of researchers and engineers described the issues with competencies related to the areas of science, technology and innovation. Study among 1,884 PhD holders employed in research institutes, universities and enterprises was carried out. In addition, 30 in-depth interviews were also conducted with experts representing the most promising areas of science and technology development in Russia – nanotechnology, biotechnology and the power engineering sectors. Findings The results from quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that general competencies such as fundamental theoretical knowledge, ability to work on projects, teamwork and creativity will be in demand in 10-15 years, rather than highly specialized skills. Employers tend to develop needed skills of researchers involved in innovations directly on the workplace, during the realization of a project. Originality/value This is the first paper to use solid broad statistical evidence to outline a clear idea of the technological and scientific research competencies that would be required in the future.

Policies for Science, Technology, and Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Li He ◽  
Xukun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Although there is plenty of research in the science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy studies, the trend and process of government regulations in a transition economy is underexplored. Empirical data such as central government laws, regulations, and policies for STI are collected from 1978 to 2018. Qualitative analysis software is adopted to facilitate the documentary analysis process. After a temporal examination of the government policies, the authors unearthed four stages in the evolution of STI policy: recovery and reconstruction of science and technology, transformation and market-led science and technology development, adjustment and innovation of science and technology, and promotion of science and technology and development of independent innovation. They found that the policy system has gradually changed and improved in continuous exploration and practice. First, the focus of the national policies has changed from science and technology to innovation. Second, the regulations are closely relevant to the political economy environment and central objectives.

The regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Cluster

Purpose This paper aims to discuss and present the regional-innovation cluster policy for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. In particular, the R&D efficiency and creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. In this research, the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization are presented as policy proposals for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the universities, research institutes and enterprises of Daedeok Innopolis were studied. Thirty people from the universities in the area, 30 from the research institutes and 30 from the enterprises were surveyed through the quota sampling of the non-probability sampling method for this research. These survey respondents were science and technology policy specialists for the R&D, industrialization and entrepreneurial activities of Daedeok Innopolis. The methodological material is a questionnaire. The study’s investigation factors were the government’s role, knowledge creation and the network. Also, F-test, ANOVA and chi-square independence test were utilized for the survey data analysis. Findings Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. This research was found through the analysis that the government policy is very useful for innovation ecosystem development. The knowledge capability has been enhanced in connection with knowledge creation. Also, the network has been vitalized. New-dimension industry–university–institute collaboration and a human resource management system are needed for R&D efficiency and the creative economy. Daedeok Innopolis needs consistent support for industrialization and foundation. Social implications Movement of and cooperation among humans, goods, knowledge, technologies, etc., occur in many areas (science, the economy, culture, arts, etc.) because of the compression of time and space through informatization and globalization. This has brought about changes in cross-border, regional and national relations and has stimulated competition in the aforementioned areas. To date, a state-dominated system has been operated to deal with these changes, but it has been shown to be inefficient because it cannot reflect the conditions in the region and does not allow quick reaction. The advantages of the region must be identified and utilized to boost the survival and development of the region. Regional-innovation cluster construction is a representative method of realizing regional development and competition enhancement. Originality/value The innovative feature of the study is proposed the science and technology policy (the region cluster policy change, the creative innovation system construction, the manpower system construction and the support unification for R&D and commercialization) for the R&D regional-innovation cluster through the survey data analysis. In this paper, the R&D efficiency and the creative economy of Daedeok Innopolis are discussed for the science and technology policy of the R&D regional-innovation cluster. The science and technology policy for the R&D regional-innovation cluster development is examined for the first time in this paper. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the establishment of a development strategy for the regional-innovation cluster, and to the decision-making regarding the science and technology policy.

Outcomes of talent management: the role of perceived equity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina R. Malik ◽  
Parbudyal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Employee Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Perceived Equity ◽  
Employee Equity ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeTo date, the effects of two approaches – inclusive and exclusive – to talent management (TM) on employee outcomes are largely unexplored. This paper explores the role of perceived equity and theoretically examines the process through which these TM programs impact employee outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on the job demands-resources model and equity theory and proposes a typology of employee outcomes in the context of different approaches to TM.FindingsBased on the theoretical framework, the paper argues that in the context of both inclusive and exclusive TM, perceived equity is a valuable resource that motivates employees and results in favourable outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsFuture empirical studies should test the propositions put forth in this paper. The multilevel research design would allow for an in-depth analysis of organisational contexts, and qualitative studies using in-depth interviews can provide greater insights into employees' experiences and perspectives of TM programs.Practical implicationsThe paper presents implications for managers and human resource (HR) and TM professionals regarding how to get the most out of their TM programs. These implications are important since employee equity perceptions can influence the effectiveness of TM programs.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors add to the literature by examining the role of employee equity perceptions in the context of inclusive and exclusive TM and to highlight how perceived (in)equity could lead to negative consequences, even among high potential (HiPo) employees.

A competency framework for contractual workers of manufacturing sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musarrat Shaheen ◽  
MD Sikandar Azam ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Soma ◽  
T. Jagan Mohan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a competency dictionary and model for contractual workers of the steel manufacturing sector of India.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews with 30 supervisors and behavioral events interviews (BEIs) with 40 contractual workers were conducted to identify and validate the competencies of the contractual workers.FindingsThe competencies identified are arranged according to the similarity and dissimilarity between it under three broad categories of competencies, i.e., knowledge, skills and attitudes. These categories are used to develop a competency dictionary which has behavioral indicators, and a framework that can be used to map and evaluate the competencies.Practical implicationsThe competency dictionary and the framework developed in the present study will assist human resource practitioners in implementing competency-based human resource processes such as recruitment and selection, training and development and performance management for the contractual workers in the manufacturing sector.Originality/valueThe present study is among the few empirical studies that provide a competency dictionary and a framework of contractual workers in the manufacturing sector of India.

Scientific or technological driving force? Constructing a system of national innovative capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Shu-Hao Chang ◽  
Chin-Yuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patent Quality ◽  
Innovative Capacity

Purpose Innovation plays a pivotal role in a national economy and in the research and development of science and technology. Because the elements, capability and development direction of innovation in various countries are dissimilar, national innovative capacity also varies by country. However, previous studies have predominantly measured national innovative capacity through empirical studies by using a single index of innovation output, ignoring that the forms of innovation are heterogeneous across countries and failing to examine the influence exerted by various innovation models on economic development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap by using scientific driving force and technological driving force to present the influence of national innovative capacities on economic development. Design/methodology/approach This study used regression models to test the influence of different national innovative capacities (i.e. scientific and technological driving forces) on economic development and stability. Findings Using the data of 60 countries, this study determined that both scientific and technological driving forces influenced economic development; specifically, scientific driving force affected economic development through technological driving force. Moreover, both research paper quality and patent quality positively influenced economic stability, but patent quality was the mediator. Originality/value This study examined scientific output from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to determine their influence on economic growth and particularly on economic stability, which lacks dedicated studies. This study strives to bridge this gap in the literature by asserting, from the concept of economic resilience, that high-quality science and technology can strengthen the stability of a country’s economy.

Procedural characteristics of the 4th Korean technology foresight

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonjung Choi ◽  
Han-Lim Choi ◽  
Heyoung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Future Technologies

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to describe procedural characteristics of the 4th technology foresight (TF) using search engines to discover emerging issues; analytic framework development to discover future needs; future technologies considering future needs as well as technology development; detailed description of future technology; analytical discussions of Delphi survey results; developing spatial-specific scenarios and illustrations; and examining possible adverse effects of future technologies. Korea performs TF every 5 years to establish science and technology policy and strategies. In the 4th TF, future technologies that might be developed by 2035 were discovered and Delphi survey was conducted to examine current development status, anticipated times of technology development and public use, plans to secure these technologies, etc. Design/methodology/approach – This paper divides procedure employed in the 4th TF into three steps and explains seven characteristics related to its procedure. Findings – Improvement of the TF procedure will increase the reliability and applicability of its results. Originality/value – This paper consists of original results which include improved procedure and its implication by researchers who participated in the 4th TF. It will provide a useful example for other nations, hoping to introduce TF to set up national science and technology policy.

On the relation between knowledge management and university-industry-government collaboration in Brazilian national institutes of science and technology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Xavier Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Seido Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Collaborative Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
University Industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how knowledge management and university-industry-government collaboration – including the triple helix – relate with each other in influencing organizations’ performance. In the competitive environment nowadays, an organization’s ability to create and use knowledge becomes ever more essential in the search for sustainable competitive advantage, even leading to the search for new forms of inter-organizational arrangements. Design/methodology/approach The representatives of such collaborations selected for this study are the National Institutes of Science and Technology. The categorical content analysis technique was used for the qualitative analysis of the data. Findings The principal contribution was the proposal of an analytical model relating the knowledge management and triple helix theories and the proposed dimensions (namely, structural, relational, cognitive and the context), considering the peculiarities of the Brazilian context. The findings show that the organizational structure (structural) influences not only the relationship among members (relational) but also the flow of knowledge (cognitive), as well as how relational elements (collaborative culture, trust and leadership) facilitate knowledge sharing. Moreover, the context affects these three other dimensions. The main obstacles identified were cultural differences, bureaucracy and the socio-economic reality, while facilitators were the existence of technology parks and incubators, government incentives and geographical proximity between universities and industry. Originality/value This topic was chosen as there are few empirical studies that comprehensively relate the topics of knowledge management and university-industry-government cooperation focusing on the Brazilian context.

Children’s relationships with brands: intergenerational and transgressions

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Monica Chaudhary ◽  
Alberto Lopez ◽  
Rachel Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intergenerational Transfer ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bonding Technology ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand and explore how young children relate to brands. The paper specifically attempts to explore their favourite and everyday brands with which they interact, understand the phenomenon of intergenerational transfer of brands, and study how child consumers experience and cope with brand transgressions. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study where 20 in-depth interviews were conducted among young Indian children in the age-group of 8–12 years. For data analysis “iterative method” is used. Inspiration was taken from Spiggle’s (1994), Ereaut’s (2002) and Holt and Thompson (2004). Findings Children’s relationships with brands are mainly characterised by four categories: their favourite brands, everyday brands, intergenerational brands and brand transgressions. Children’s favourite brands can be categorised in fantasy, yummy, identity construction, social bonding, technology and trusted brands. Parents have a big influence on kids’ lives leading to intergenerational brand-transfer. Children consumers also reveal having experience brand transgressions, more importantly, they also show signs of brand forgiveness. Originality/value This qualitative study has addressed the pressing need to understand child understands of brands. This is one of the very few empirical studies that have investigated child consumer behaviour regarding their association with brands.

Assessment of knowledge economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Parisa Alizadeh ◽  
Reza Salami
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the current status of the knowledge-based economy (KBE) in Iran in comparison to Turkey, the challenges encountered and the appropriate policies toward Iran’s Outlook 2025 based on which the country is expected to be ranked first in science and technology within the Middle East region. Design/methodology/approach – This study is a descriptive research. The methodology used for this study is qualitative/quantitative secondary research. The method will be used for two main goals. First, we used the World Bank’s Knowledge Assessment Methodology, and the data are mostly collected from secondary sources such as the World Bank’s Development Indicators for Iran and Turkey. Second, desktop research will be used to summarize and synthesize available studies on the consideration of policy-making toward KBE, especially among developing economies. Findings – The paper provides policy considerations around four pillars: information and communications technology (ICT), innovation system, education and human resources development and economic incentives and institutional regime. It suggests that regarding ICT indicators, Iran has to join international programs to attract senior public authorities’ involvement and accountability. Regarding its innovation system, lessons for policymakers are implementing development plans and coordinating science and technology policies in the country. Moreover, the quality of education, in-company training, post-secondary technical education and scientific and technological workforce need to be improved. Finally, considering the weak macroeconomic circumstances, legislative measures are needed in addition to, establishing a promotion agency for foreign direct investment to coordinate the inflow and to grant incentives for attracting more investment. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen research approach, the research results have not been confirmed by an experts group. Therefore, using some group decision-making methods, such as panel of experts, could be proposed to further test the findings. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for public policymakers, especially in developing countries, and for moving toward a KBE. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to learn from similar countries experiences in policymaking about the same problem.

scholarly journals A construção do Sistema Nacional para a Inovação e o Desenvolvimento: a importância de políticas públicas de ciência, desenvolvimento e inovação

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Luiz De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Academic Production ◽  
Basic Resource ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
National System Of Innovation ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Na era do conhecimento o recurso básico da economia não se restringe unicamente ao capital ou aos recursos provindos da natureza, muito menos somente à mão de obra: é o conhecimento o recurso e os detentores ou desenvolvedores desse conhecimento são a matéria-prima do desenvolvimento e da riqueza das nações. Assim, procuramos relacionar a produção acadêmica de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, com as demandas da sociedade empresarial, sugerindo diretrizes lógicas para atualizar as políticas públicas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação no Brasil, para alinhar nosso país com a vanguarda mundial do setor e a desenvolver ciência e tecnologia, com consequente inovação de processos e produtos. Procuramos identificar oportunidades de financiamento para a produção cientifica e formas de documentar sua produção para que o conhecimento fundamente a continuidade e a dinâmica do desenvolvimento de ciência e tecnologia no país. Apresentamos uma revisão do comportamento da inovação no Brasil em comparação com outros países, destacamos marcos históricos das políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, a participação das universidades públicas nesse processo e registramos a essencialidade de que o país possua um robusto e maduro Sistema Nacional de Inovação e Desenvolvimento.Palavras-Chave: ciência, tecnologia e inovação; Sistema Nacional de Inovação; organizações ambidestras; política pública.In the age of knowledge, the basic resource of economics is not restricted solely to capital or resources derived from nature, much less to labor alone: knowledge is the resource and the holders or developers of that knowledge are the raw material of development and of the wealth of nations. Thus, we seek to link the academic production of science, tech-nology and innovation with the demands of business society, suggesting logical guidelines for updating Brazil's science, technology and innovation public policies, in order to align our country with the industry's global vanguard and to de-velop Science and technology, with consequent innovation of processes and products. We seek to identify financing opportunities for scientific production and ways of documenting its production so that knowledge is based on the con-tinuity and dynamics of the development of science and technology in the country. We present a review of the behav-ior of innovation in Brazil in comparison with other countries. We highlight historical milestones of science, technology and innovation policies, the participation of public universities in this process and we note the essentiality of the coun-try having a robust and mature National System of Innovation and Development.Keywords: Science technology and innovation, National Innovation System, Ambidextrous organizations, Public policy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document