scholarly journals The integration of young workers into the labour market in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Stephen Bazen ◽  
Khalid Maman Waziri
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
The Unemployed

Purpose Using a representative survey of young persons having left full-time education in France in 1998 and interviewed in 2001 and 2005, the purpose of this paper is to examine the process of their integration into normal employment (a stable job with a standard employment contract) and the extent to which job matches are inefficient in the sense that the pay in a job is below an individual’s potential earnings. The latter are determined principally by diploma level and educational specialisation, although other forms of training and labour market experience are relevant. Design/methodology/approach A stochastic earnings frontier approach is used in order to examine workers’ ability to capture their full potential earnings in labour markets where there is inefficient job matching (due to the lack of information, discrimination, over-education or the process of integration). Findings The results suggest that young workers manage to obtain on average about 82 per cent of their potential earnings three years after leaving full-time education and earnings inefficiency had disappeared four years later. The results are robust to the treatment of selectivity arising from the exclusion of the unemployed in the estimation of the frontier. Originality/value The stochastic earnings frontier is a useful and appropriate tool for modelling the process of labour market integration of certain groups (young persons, migrants and the long-term unemployed) where over-education due to inefficient initial job matches occurs. Over time this situation tends to be rectified as job mobility leads to improved matching and less inefficiency.

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Adolfo Cosme Fernández Puente
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
The One ◽  
Term Labour

PurposeThe phenomenon of overeducation and the magnitude and persistence of the imbalance impact are analysed for the Spanish labour market from 2006 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present random-effects probit estimations comparing individuals and their short-term and long-term labour mismatches.FindingsThe results support the existence of long-term persistence (status in the previous year) and short-term persistence (status at the beginning of the observed period) in overeducation. Precariousness in the labour market, measured by temporality or by the strong destruction of employment, could force individuals to choose a job below their qualification. Additionally, the phenomenon of overeducation is shown to have increased in the period 2010–2013 in relation to the period 2006–2009 independently of the region considered, though those regions with higher unemployment rates display greater imbalances.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results come from two different samples, it is possible to conclude that overeducation is a phenomenon that tends to perpetuate over time in Spain.Practical implicationsOne of the issues of greatest interest that is crucial to assess the relevance of the spreading of overeducation is whether overeducation can be considered as a temporal mismatch, in which case the seriousness of the problem would not be so important, or, on the contrary, as a persistent one, in which case, governments should take it into account in their education reform programmes.Originality/valueOvereducation persistence has been studied in countries such as the United States, Canada, Switzerland or Germany; however, in Spain, there are hardly any studies. Spanish labour market has certain specificities that make the analyses relevant: the high unemployment rates and high elasticity of employment with respect to the economic cycles. Under these circumstances, workers could opt for more stable positions that require a lower qualification than the one they have. This option could be even more convenient during crisis. Additionally, the article includes a disaggregated analysis by Spanish regions. The differences in the unemployment rates within and between regions are significant (some of them had at the beginning of the crisis an unemployment rate close to 7%, while in others it exceeded 12%) which allows the authors to study the phenomenon in different contexts.

scholarly journals How does labour market history influence the access to hiring interviews?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-533
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Duguet ◽  
Rémi Le Gall ◽  
Yannick L’Horty ◽  
Pascale Petit
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Sales Assistants

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of the effect of labour market status on the current probability to be invited to a hiring interview. The authors compare the effect of periods of unemployment, part-time job and short-term contracts (STCs). Design/methodology/approach Correspondence tests were conducted for accountants and sales assistants. The authors estimate the discrimination components from the response rate of each candidate by the asymptotic least squares method. Findings The authors find that men with a part-time profile suffer discrimination in both professions. Other differences of treatment are specific: for accountants, the authors find that the probability of success decreases with the time spent in unemployment, while for sales assistants the probability of success is smaller with a history of STCs. Originality/value This study compares the effect of different dimensions of career history (part-time versus full-time, permanent versus short-term, unemployment versus employment) for experienced job candidates. It also proposes an alternative way to exploit the design of a correspondence experiment.

Vocational bachelor graduates in France: labour market integration and social mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Calmand ◽  
Jean-François Giret ◽  
Christine Guégnard
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Professional Occupation

Purpose – In France, the vocationalization of higher education has resulted in an increase in the number of graduates and created new opportunities. The access of these vocational bachelor graduates to the labour market raises the issue of their professional prospects amid changing economic and social circumstances. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To provide insights into these issues, the employment situation of bachelor graduates during the first years of active working life will be compared with other tertiary graduates entering the labour market in the same years, using econometric models that estimate the effects of vocational courses “all other things being equal”, incorporating a range of individual characteristics. Findings – Overall, vocational bachelor graduates experienced fewer difficulties in seeking to enter the labour market during difficult economic circumstances. They did not achieve upward social mobility with a lower probability of obtaining a managerial/professional occupation three years after graduation. These results confirm that diplomas continue to play a central and hierarchized role in France. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is to highlight the labour market transition of vocational bachelor graduates during a period of economic crisis, inquiring on the social benefit of this new diploma in France: what were the impacts of the changing economic conditions and influx of vocational bachelor graduates on their labour market transition and their chances of upward social mobility?

The limitations of activation policies: unemployment at the end of working life

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA WUEBBEKE
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTIn several European countries, older unemployed people, after reaching a certain age, are entitled to unemployment benefit payments without having to seek new employment. The coexistence of this exemption clause and of reforms aimed at containing early retirement in the respective countries reflects a conflict of political aims – on the one hand, between an efficient labour-market policy at a time of high unemployment, and on the other hand, the goal of the comprehensive activation and labour-market integration of older workers as a response to demographic change. This paper deals with the reasons for the transfer of older long-term unemployed people on to ‘facilitated benefits’ for labour-market withdrawal in Germany. The empirical analysis shows that low or no propensity to work was rarely the motive for leaving the labour market; in particular, those anticipating a low retirement income actually wanted to be re-employed. The vast majority gave three reasons for the decision to retire: an inability to cope with requirements of available jobs; a lack of job opportunities; and an absence of proper support from the public employment agency. Thus the withdrawal of older long-term unemployed people into pre-retirement cannot be attributed to a utility-maximising decision in favour of leisure and against gainful employment, but is the primary result of the scarce re-employment prospects.

scholarly journals "I Didn’t Have the Luxury to Wait": Understanding the University-to-Work Transition among Second-Generations in Britain

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawiria Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Job

Second-generations—children of immigrants—experience particular university-to-work transitions in the UK, including precarious entry into the labour market This article examines the importance of intersecting social divisions, such as gender and ethnicity to these transitions, and also explores complexities within long-term economic progression. By comparing the educational achievement and labour market integration of British-born female graduates from one of the largest— Pakistani—and newly settled—Algerian—migrant groups and by focusing on long-term progression from the first job postgraduation to the most recent one. Using repeat semi-structured interviews with twelve British Pakistani and Algerian female graduates, this article produces a fine-grained analysis of key academic and economic stages. It reveals how the contextualised impact of intersecting social divisions—social class, ethnicity, as proxy for culture and religion, and gender— and the ability to maximise and increase one’s identity capital i prove employability, transforming initial disadvantages into pathways for success.

China will reshape development finance landscape

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Finance ◽  
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
New Development

Subject The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Significance Since July 2014, China has overseen the establishment of three development finance institutions: the New Development Bank ('BRICS bank'), the Silk Road Fund and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). As well as its geopolitical implications, this reshaping of the international financial architecture also represents a shift in the predominant model of development finance. The AIIB will grant Beijing greater influence over international finance, but it also compels China to develop a more financially sustainable, long-term foreign investment strategy through multilateral, transparent and rules-based mechanisms. Impacts China's domestic 'Go West' strategy and inter-provincial rebalancing will receive a significant boost. Regional bond market integration through the Asian Bond Markets Initiative will experience positive spill-over. The ADB will assume a role of providing technical expertise, and turn towards other priorities. China will simultaneously develop parallel development financing mechanisms to pursue more overtly political goals.

Labour reforms will be key test for France’s Macron

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Reform ◽  
Market Liberalisation

Significance The labour market liberalisation sought by President Emmanuel Macron goes beyond the reform passed by the previous Socialist-led government last July, which lost some of its substance because of parliamentary obstruction. Impacts Controversy around Labour Minister Muriel Penicaud’s past stock option deals may undermine public support for the reform. The planned labour market reform could reduce France’s unemployment rate in the medium to long term. There is a risk of social and industrial unrest from September onwards as the most militant trade unions try to capsize the reform.

Red & Yellow: the business of education

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jeandri Robertson ◽  
Caitlin Candice Ferreira ◽  
Sherese Duncan ◽  
Atanu Nath
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Executive Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Learning outcomes Students learn to evaluate a firm’s growth strategies with the aim of establishing long-term business sustainability. Students will examine the impact of external macro-environmental factors that influence firm growth in an emerging market context. Using this case, students will learn how to apply a resource-based view to a firm’s offering by comparing and identifying the competitive advantage of the internal resources of the firm. Using this case, students can apply the principle of strategic fit by strategically analyzing the opportunities and threats in the external environment, while taking into account the firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses. Case overview/synopsis This case outlines the strategic, macro-environmental and marketing challenges that the Cape Town-based private higher education institution, Red & Yellow Creative School of Business, faced as it entered its 25th year of existence. In 2019, Red & Yellow had its roots in industry and had done well historically to cement that bond through the creation of successful alumni and the constant innovation of its higher education offering. Two weeks before having to present a detailed five-year growth strategy plan to the board of directors, Rob Stokes, the Director and Chairman of Red & Yellow, was faced with a multitude of decisions pertaining to the sustainable growth of the school. Recent growth patterns showed that programs with lower profit margins, such as classroom-based full-time programs, had experienced double-digit growth while student numbers for higher gross profit offerings, such as online and executive education programs had started to decline. Another challenge that the school faced was the need for its students to future-proof their careers in a world where artificial intelligence and machine learning threatened their careers and jobs. As such, Red & Yellow was confronted with one central strategic problem: How to grow strategically in the short term while developing a sustainable and scalable growth strategy for the school in the long term. Complexity academic level This case could work well as part of an executive education course, as well as a strategic management course for master’s degree or Master of Business Administration students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

The roles of social enterprises in a Swedish labour market integration programme – opportunities and challenges for social innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Kraff ◽  
Eva Maria Jernsand
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the roles of work integration social enterprises (WISEs) in the Swedish establishment programme for newly arrived refugees, and how its set-up affects WISEs preconditions for social innovation. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds on a longitudinal and qualitative action research study of a WISE and its work in organising a course for labour market integration, in the context of the Swedish establishment programme. The authors were actively involved in the study as embedded researchers. Findings The exploration identifies a number of roles that WISEs take on in the establishment programme. It illustrates how WISEs hybrid character places participants at the centre of the innovation process, where their opinions and knowledge are considered crucial, and how this positively affects their ability to gain skills and confidence. However, the study also makes visible how issues of coordination between stakeholders in the programme lead to mismatches between course content and participant profiles, colliding activities and sporadic participation. In short, the bureaucracy embedded in labour market integration systems erodes the preconditions of WISEs to foster social innovation. Originality/value The embeddedness of the authors provides in-depth knowledge regarding how complex state systems affect WISEs in practice. Importantly, it also gives insights into the experiences of refugees, a group that is often mentioned in the literature on WISEs, although mainly in passing.

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