Social transitions in the Savannah

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-547
Author(s):  
Ayodele O. Majekodunmi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Reciprocal Exchange ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore social risk management strategies amongst Fulani in the subhumid zone of Nigeria; and second, to determine current status and nature of reciprocal exchange networks, risk pooling and social support for pastoral livelihoods in North-Central Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Surveys of cattle productivity and pastoral livelihoods were carried out amongst Fulani pastoralists on the Jos Plateau: between 2008 and 2013 using participatory epidemiology methods and the sustainable livelihoods framework. Qualitative and quantitative data on livelihood activities, knowledge, attitudes and practices of animal husbandry and disease control, wealth grouping, herd entries and exits was gathered to determine the current state of cattle productivity and pastoral livelihoods in the study area. Findings Results show that reciprocal exchange networks for risk management have mostly disintegrated and patron-client relationships have become an important social risk management strategy. Practical implications This research has significant implications for sustainability of Fulani livelihoods and communities: decreased social risk-management strategies and increased self-reliance means that the most vulnerable households will find it more difficult to withstand shocks and climb out of poverty. Wealthier households may cope better with high incidence/low severity shocks like but are more vulnerable to low incidence/high severity shocks. Likewise, decreased social cohesion reduces the ability of communities to mobilise and act collectively in the face of community-level shocks. This is very important for engagement with the state – a crucial process, given current levels of acrimony and conflict. Originality/value Given the high levels of farmer-herder conflict and civil unrest in this region over the past 15 years this research is valuable in providing insights into economic drivers of conflict, current dynamics of pastoral livelihoods and social cohesion within and between communities.

scholarly journals Friendship, kinship and social risk management strategies among pastoralists in Karamoja, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmini Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Risk Pooling ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

AbstractThis paper describes risk-pooling friendships and other social networks among pastoralists in Karamoja, Uganda. Social networks are of critical importance for risk management in an environment marked by volatility and uncertainty. Risk management or risk pooling mainly takes the form of “stock friendships”: an informal insurance system in which men established mutually beneficial partnerships with unrelated or related individuals through livestock transfers in the form of gifts or loans. Friends accepted the obligation to assist each other during need, ranging from the time of marriage to times of distress. Anthropologists and economists claim that social networks are critical for recouping short-term losses such as food shortage, as well as for ensuring long-term sustainability through the building of social capital and rebuilding of herds. To this end, I present ethnographic data on friendship, kinship, and other networks among male and female pastoralists in Karamoja. Using qualitative and quantitative data on these relationships and norms of livestock transfers and other mutual aid, I show the enduring importance of social networks in the life of Karamoja’s pastoralists today. I also demonstrate how exchange networks were utilized by participants during a drought. On this basis, I argue that appreciating historical and traditional mechanisms of resilience among pastoralists is vital for designing community-based risk management projects. I discuss how traditional safety net systems have been used successfully by NGOs to assist pastoralists in the wake of disaster, and how the same can be done by harnessing risk-pooling friendships in Karamoja.

Exploring risk management strategies for organic farmers: A Greek case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Tzouramani ◽  
George Alexopoulos ◽  
Giorgos Kostianis ◽  
Leonidas Kazakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Farmers

AbstractThis study attempts to enrich the debate on the different forms of risk management strategies that are utilized by organic farmers and to assess the internal dynamics within the organic farming community by examining the attitudes and practices of these farmers. In particular, using a factor analysis, this study determines the attitudes of Greek farmers toward risk management strategies and focuses on the differences in risk attitudes between existing organic farmers and non-organic farmers. Second, using a probit analysis, this study characterizes the key factors that affect Greek farmers' attitudes with respect to risk management strategies. The thorough presentation of this research study provides essential information to policy-makers for understanding the factors that induce farmers to participate in organic agriculture. Moreover, the analysis of the risk management strategies that organic farmers apply is expected to offer valuable insights that will be critical for the timely introduction and efficient application of the forthcoming post-2013 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures.

Risk management in student-managed funds

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-702
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hughen ◽  
Peter P. Lung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Earnings Announcements ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Option Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Managed Funds

Purpose Student-managed investment funds typically pursue “plain vanilla” objectives. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of adding option strategies to reduce the risk of equity positions around earnings announcements. The collar strategy is one such technique with the advantages of a low net cost and limited potential losses. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide recommendations for utilizing the collar strategy around earnings announcements. The authors also discuss how the value of this strategy is related to the literature on option pricing and earnings announcement returns. Findings Risk management strategies can enhance the pedagogical value of student-managed investment funds. The authors document how students have successfully utilized the collar strategy to immunize risk. Originality/value The collar strategy can enhance the pedagogical value of student-managed investment classes in several ways. First, students learn how to implement risk reduction strategies. Second, the proper implementation of these strategies requires students to learn the complex mechanisms associated with corporate earnings dissemination and analyst coverage. This also provides an opportunity to study earnings drift, which is a persistent and economically significant financial anomaly.

Managing production outsourcing risks in China's apparel industry: a case study of two apparel retailers

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Booi Hon Kam ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Richard Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Apparel Retailers

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how Chinese apparel retailers manage their production outsourcing risks and why they elect to manage those risks in a particular manner.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation used the case study approach to explore factors driving two Chinese apparel retailers operating in different market environments to manage their production outsourcing risks.FindingsThe selection of production outsourcing risk management strategies hinges on what apparel retailers view as the most important value their products provide to customers. Product values were linked to specific product characteristics as well as the market environment in which the apparel retailers operated. The retailer that regarded product quality as a key value driver was found to place emphasis on manufacturer selection and use of a formal contract for process control. The retailer that viewed newness and variety as a value driver opted to cultivate a strong, committed business relationship based on Guanxi to achieve speed‐to‐market.Research limitations/implicationsAs a case study research, the findings of this study have their limitations in generalisability. Given that one of the retailers did not invoke Guanxi to cultivate a long‐term business relationship with its outsourced manufacturers, the role of Guanxi in outsourcing risk management in China deserves further exploration, as businesses in China become more globalised.Practical implications/valueThis study grounds mainstream outsourcing strategy literature on operational practice through case studies. It highlights the influence of both product characteristics and market environment in dictating the choice of outsourcing risk management strategies in apparel manufacturing.Originality/valueThe study views outsourcing risk management from the perspective of minimizing outsourcing failures, rather than achieving outsourcing success. It reveals that risk management behavior of apparel retailers was linked to the notion of value protection, which varied according to what they considered as their principal product value drivers.

Towards developing robust climate risk management strategies in the estuarine park of the Swan River, Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-462
Author(s):  
Clare Allender ◽  
Monty Sutrisna ◽  
Atiq Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Swan River

Purpose This study aims to support the development risk management strategies towards improving the resilience of assets located in the estuary and lower level of the Swan River, Western Australia. The study evaluated the key role of Federal/State policies in adaptation planning and the communication and interface between various stakeholders, including State/Local governments, construction professionals, property developers and landowners. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a mixed research approach through a questionnaire survey followed by an in-depth interview involving local construction experts. Collected data were analysed following the grounded theory methodology style of data analysis. Findings The findings revealed a convoluted understanding of communication networks and responsibility for owning the future risks between relevant stakeholders. As a result, a framework illustrating clear process and roles in mitigating risk and implementing adaptive asset management measures has been formulated and presented in this study. Originality/value Scientific evidence suggested that sea-level rise and increased frequency of major coastal flooding events are inevitable as early as 2100, and having a comprehensive risk management plan of assets to anticipate climate risks and to improve urban resilience is essential. The proposed framework is aimed at local stakeholders in improving current state of communication and adaptation planning as a pathway to develop a robust risk management strategy.

Social Risk-Management Strategies in Pastoral Systems: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Moritz ◽  
Julia Giblin ◽  
Miranda Ciccone ◽  
Andréa Davis ◽  
Jesse Fuhrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Risk assessment in commercial real estate development

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malka Thilini ◽  
Nishani Champika Wickramaarachchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the commercial property development risk factors from the entrepreneur’s point of view against social, economic, environmental, technological and political risk assessment criteria. After that, this study aims to assess the risk factors based on the analytical network process (ANP) model and to prioritize the key risk factors to identify which risk factor is highly affected to the commercial development process. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The analysis of the risk factors involved the ANP model using super decision software. Findings The results revealed that there are five major risk factors such as environmental, social, economic, technological and political risk, and 32 sub-risk factors. According to the super matrix calculation, the synthesized values for three projects were 0.0704, 0.0532 and 0.0431, respectively. It was identified that Ward City was 0.0704, indicating that it is comparatively less risky and, hence, can be categorized as the best development and considering the sub-risk factors; the results show that the highly affected risk factors for the development are: the council approval process, climate changes and natural disaster, and the least affected risk factors are confidence to the market, lifecycle value, investment return and currency conversion factor. Practical implications The paper includes implications for the development of commercial properties, risk and risk assessment criteria to make risk management strategies and policy implementation. Originality/value The research findings are helpful in improving risk management strategies in the country, and policy formulation should focus on the above identified three risk factors in order to mitigate the risk in every stage and to achieve sustainable project development while increasing the satisfaction of long-term investment goals.

scholarly journals Investigating the relationships between uncertainty types and risk management strategies in cross-border e-commerce logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giuffrida ◽  
Hai Jiang ◽  
Riccardo Mangiaracina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

PurposeDue to its fast growth, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) is becoming a popular internationalization model, especially in those destination markets with impressive e-commerce development like China. However, CBEC also brings new logistics challenges and uncertainty. This paper aims to understand how companies cope with logistics uncertainty in this field and whether the different types of uncertainty influence the risk management strategies adopted to face them.Design/methodology/approachA survey targeting online exporters to China and third-party forwarding logistics service providers (3PFLs) is conducted. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis is performed to test the possible relationship between the adopted risk management strategies and the types of uncertainty. The type, industry and size of the company, as well as the distance between the company's home country and China, are used as control variables in the study. Survey results are enriched via interviews with some of the respondents.FindingsThe risk management strategies adopted are dependent on the type of logistics uncertainty that the companies face and, to a minor extent, on the industry the company operates in. Conversely, no significant influence is exerted by other types of control factors, i.e. home country, company size or company type.Originality/valueThe paper investigates logistics uncertainty and risk management approaches in the novel context of CBEC. A systematic review of relevant sources of uncertainty is offered to help both scholars and practitioners understand the current complexities of CBEC. From a theoretical perspective, the paper models the investigated concepts in light of the contingency approach. From a practical perspective, results can be of interest since the list of proposed items can support risk identification and evaluation while the interviews with managers can provide insights on risk management practices.

Changes in the effect of credence cues on restaurant delivery service under different health risks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jewoo Kim ◽  
Jaewook Kim ◽  
Yiqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Usage Patterns

Purpose Due to increased health concerns, restaurant customers rely more on credible cues that indirectly represent health-related credence quality. To comprehensively understand the dynamics between credence cues and restaurant delivery with different infection risks, this study aims to investigate changes in cue utilization during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Data on delivery sales, brand and review rating between 2019 and the first half of 2020 were obtained from Meituan. Fixed-effects estimation was used to investigate 579,858 restaurant observations across 338 cities in China. Findings Health concerns significantly increased the use of restaurant delivery and the increased delivery sales remained steady even after infection risk was reduced. However, cue utilization in restaurant delivery substantially changed depending on inflection risk. In the pandemic-spreading period, the sales effect of the brand increased while that of review rating decreased. The decreased effect of review rating was recovered in the pandemic-flattening period, whereas the abnormal brand effect continued only when branded restaurants had a high rating. Research limitations/implications The findings demonstrate the selective and contextual nature of cue utilization in the restaurant delivery setting. These characteristics are also manifested in a health crisis from a credence cue perspective. Practical implications The findings demonstrate the selective and contextual nature of cue utilization in the restaurant delivery setting. These characteristics are also manifested in a health crisis from a credence cue perspective. Further, this study re-conceptualizes credence quality and cues, considering their roles in risk management. The findings help develop risk management strategies based on customers’ usage patterns of credence cues in health crises. Originality/value The dynamics between credence cues and restaurant delivery has not been comprehensively investigated, especially when infection risk changes. This study delivers theoretical and practical contributions about how to use credence cues in the restaurant business amid health crises.

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