Using camera-glasses for the assessment of aggressive behaviour among adolescents in residential correctional care: a small-scale study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wettstein ◽  
Marion Scherzinger
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Contrast Group

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine naturally occurring episodes of aggressive interaction among adolescents in residential correctional programmes. The aims of our study were twofold. First, the development of a new camera-glasses method, and second, the method's applicability in the study of aggressive adolescents in residential care. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a mobile assessment strategy, the paper developed a new methodology for in-the-field recording of environmental conditions in which aggressive behaviour arises. The authors used glasses with an inbuilt camera worn by research subjects to record observational data. In the particular study presented here the authors used camera-glasses to observe the material and social environments of eight aggressive adolescents in a residential treatment programme and of a contrast group of four non-aggressive adolescents living at home. Findings – The crucial methodological findings are that camera-glasses successfully record the social and physical environments of aggressive adolescents from their perspective in relation to their environment and interlocutors, and that the camera-glasses method does not generate high reactivity. The results show that aggressive adolescents in residential care use direct and reactive forms of aggression, and that their aggressive behaviours occur predominantly in settings with limited adult supervision. In residential care aggressive behaviour is, paradoxically, an effective strategy for individuals to gain regard and social status among peers and to push their interests among staff. Research limitations/implications – An obvious limitation is the reliance on a small sample which limits the generalisation of the results. Practical implications – For residential facilities it is crucial to reduce the occurrence of low supervised social situations in order to minimise peer contagion. Furthermore, staff and educators need to be trained to use deescalating response strategies when dealing with adolescents’ aggressive behaviour, precisely deescalating strategies which neither involve acquiescence nor surrender to pressure. Originality/value – Our investigations demonstrate that the camera-glasses method is a promising new assessment technique which has applicability in various fields of adolescent research.

A critical evaluation of integrated care: a case study of the supported discharge service

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Louise Ware
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Supported Discharge Service as a case study of integrated care. The paper will critically evaluate integrated care with regard to patient outcomes, patient satisfaction and cost and productivity. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective mixed methods case study design was adopted utilising patient satisfaction questionnaires, therapy outcome measure and a performance dashboard to measure improvements in patient satisfaction, patient outcomes and cost and productivity. Findings Measured improvements were observed in the integrated discharge process and analysis of the findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in patient outcomes, high levels of patient satisfaction and improved productivity subsequently leading to financial savings. Research limitations/implications Due to convenience sampling, the small sample size and a short time frame when analysing patient outcomes, the generalisability of results is limited. Despite this, with integrated care being polymorphous the findings can be utilised to develop theoretical principles to make assertions about integration (Wikfeldt, 1993). Originality/value This paper draws on the importance of integration as the principal driver of reform within the healthcare system. Even though on a small scale, the case study provides evidence to support the use of integration to improve patient outcomes, patient satisfaction and financial savings.

scholarly journals Predictive learning analytics and the creation of emotionally adaptive learning environments in higher education institutions: a study of students' affect responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Paul Joseph-Richard ◽  
James Uhomoibhi ◽  
Andrew Jaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Predictive Learning

PurposeThe aims of this study are to examine affective responses of university students when viewing their own predictive learning analytics (PLA) dashboards, and to analyse how those responses are perceived to affect their self-regulated learning behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA total of 42 Northern Irish students were shown their own predicted status of academic achievement on a dashboard. A list of emotions along with definitions was provided and the respondents were instructed to verbalise them during the experience. Post-hoc walk-through conversations with participants further clarified their responses. Content analysis methods were used to categorise response patterns.FindingsThere is a significant variation in ways students respond to the predictions: they were curious and motivated, comforted and sceptical, confused and fearful and not interested and doubting the accuracy of predictions. The authors show that not all PLA-triggered affective states motivate students to act in desirable and productive ways.Research limitations/implicationsThis small-scale exploratory study was conducted in one higher education institution with a relatively small sample of students in one discipline. In addition to the many different categories of students included in the study, specific efforts were made to include “at-risk” students. However, none responded. A larger sample from a multi-disciplinary background that includes those who are categorised as “at-risk” could further enhance the understanding.Practical implicationsThe authors provide mixed evidence for students' openness to learn from predictive learning analytics scores. The implications of our study are not straightforward, except to proceed with caution, valuing benefits while ensuring that students' emotional well-being is protected through a mindful implementation of PLA systems.Social implicationsUnderstanding students' affect responses contributes to the quality of student support in higher education institutions. In the current era on online learning and increasing adaptation to living and learning online, the findings allow for the development of appropriate strategies for implementing affect-aware predictive learning analytics (PLA) systems.Originality/valueThe current study is unique in its research context, and in its examination of immediate affective states experienced by students who viewed their predicted scores, based on their own dynamic learning data, in their home institution. It brings out the complexities involved in implementing student-facing PLA dashboards in higher education institutions.

Three year follow-up study of families referred to a family intervention team – what are the outcomes that make a difference?

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Leah Salter ◽  
Jessica Williams
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-term outcomes for 15 young people on a range of indicators including school success, involvement with other agencies and the perceived effectiveness by the family. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured telephone interviews were used to gather a range of both quantitative and qualitative data. Interviews were with a parent of the referred child (n=15). Findings – In all, 87 per cent of care-givers interviewed rated the service they had received as helpful 85 per cent reported these changes to be maintained at the three year follow-up. Rate of school exclusion was only 7 per cent and 0 per cent of families went on to have involvement with statutory social services or the youth justice system. Research limitations/implications – This is a small-scale study offering a small sample (n=15) of families previously referred to this Family Intervention Team, at a three-year post-intervention period. More routine longitudinal information needs to be gathered for a more robust indication on long-term outcomes. Practical implications – The impact this study will have on the team involved will be in its recommendations for further long-term outcome studies; but also in feeding back to the service the significant key messages from those interviewed. Social implications – Contributing to a wider understanding of the long-term benefits of early intervention. Originality/value – This paper offers some new though small statistical data in the growing pool of statistics that are indicating positive outcomes for early intervention and family intervention projects.

Human-directed aggression by pet dogs: a preliminary study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Birch ◽  
Peta Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Preliminary Study

Purpose – Human-directed aggression by pet dogs is of significant concern (Klausz et al., 2013), and while there is evidence to suggest that public awareness surrounding this social problem has occurred, the academic literature is limited (Martinez et al., 2011). The emerging research in this area has shown that the seriousness of a dog attack can lead to negative physiological, psychological and social consequences and in some circumstances, fatalities (De Munnynck and Van de Voorde, 2002). A small-scale preliminary study was conducted in New South Wales, Australia to enhance the knowledge of dog attacks towards humans, as well as contribute to the development of larger scale studies focusing on human-directed aggression by pet dogs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Utilising a qualitative approach, this preliminary study examined the lived experience of victims who had been attacked by a dog. Eight semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted and a thematic approach was adopted as the analytical framework for data analysis. Findings – The findings offer a useful insight into the context, setting and effects of a pet dog attack on humans. This study contributes further evidence towards the need for larger scale studies in this area. The results offer evidence for further research into victims of dog attacks, as well as exploring the relationship between a dog owner and the aggression displayed by their dog. Practical implications – Evidence of the physical, emotional and psychological impact on victims of a dog attack is provided through this study and as such can be used to develop initiatives to support victims. The similarities between human-directed pet aggression and other forms of aggressive behaviour is highlighted, as such initiatives used to prevent and reduce other forms of aggressive behaviour could be applied to victims of dog attacks. This study also recognises that different breeds and size of dog are capable of human-directed aggression, therefore increasing knowledge and awareness of the potential risk to potential victims. Education programmes focusing on dog ownership are suggested in order to support owners in the care and treatment of their pets. Originality/value – This study contributes to a neglected area in the academic literature compared to other forms of aggression more heavily researched. Evidence for the development of prevention and reduction techniques for this type of aggressive behaviour emerges. Implications for further research are also revealed through this preliminary study.

Applying lean six sigma to grading process improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Oliver ◽  
Zachary Oliver ◽  
Charles Chen
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Instructional Context ◽  
Instructional Processes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how the lean six sigma (LSS) methodology can be implemented in a teaching context to positively impact the experience of both the instructor and student. The paper focuses on: describing the application of the LSS methodology in streamlining the grading process; reporting the findings; and examining possibility of deploying the LSS methodology in additional aspects in the education sector. Design/methodology/approach The observations presented in this paper stem from a small-scale case study of LSS implementation in an instructional context. Findings The implementation of LSS methodology allowed the authors to generate a feedback system that is focused, scaffolding and cumulative while meeting the goal of requiring less time to produce for the instructor. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on an empirical study of a single process intervention with only a small sample in a single instructional context; therefore, the research results may lack generalizability. Further testing of the proposed propositions is encouraged. Practical implications The paper includes an analysis of current practice and implications for the deployment of DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control) method. A combination of lean and six sigma techniques were deployed in a post-secondary class setting to demonstrate how different techniques can be used to improve instructional processes. Originality/value This paper produces one more example for LSS implementation in an educational–instructional context for a small but growing base of literature.

scholarly journals Social business and social innovation: the Brazilian experience

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziella Maria Comini ◽  
Rosa Maria Fischer ◽  
Edison Quirino D'Amario
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Value ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Social Logic

PurposeThe aim of this article is to contribute to the field of social businesses, particularly considering the dimension of social innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a qualitative approach, whose purpose is to gather in-depth insights into a problem to understand its contextual elements and interrelations. The authors used an exploratory descriptive design and a multiple case study, which allows the identification of similarities and differences in the research subjects. They developed a scale that enables the classification of the operation logic of the social businesses analyzed.FindingsIt became evident that social businesses present a few differences in their modus operandi: those based on a social logic are more concerned with the generation of socio-environmental value, however with small-scale innovation; in contrast, social business guided by a market logic do not intend to generate socio-environmental value in different dimensions and are more concerned with the wider range of their innovations.Research limitations/implicationsThis research analyzed social businesses from a founder and manager perspective and did not comprise all stakeholders. The purpose of this study was not to measure the effective impact generated by innovation, but to understand its potential to generate socio-environmental value.Practical implicationsThe generation of socio-environmental value and the strategies to expand practices of social innovation are associated with the operation logic of social business.Originality/valueThe created scale allowed the classification of social businesses in terms of operation logic (greater emphasis on market or social aspects) and proposes a few dimensions to evaluate a socio-environmental innovation.

Estimation of technical efficiency and output growth decomposition for small-scale rice farmers in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Growth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the degree of technical efficiency, determinants of technical inefficiencies and driving forces behind the production growth for a panel data set collected during the 1998/1999 and 2004/2006 Kharif cropping season, from 452 small-scale rice farming households in the Giridih and Purulia districts of Eastern India. Design/methodology/approach The estimations of technical efficiency utilize stochastic frontier production function with a sub-model of inefficiency effects at both aggregated farm level and disaggregated plot level where traditional varieties (TVs) and high-yielding varieties (HYVs) are differentiated. The output growth decomposition analysis identifies the main contributor to the total rice production growth. Findings The results indicate that the sampled farms are operated at moderate levels of technical efficiency. The production of HYV rice is associated with higher technical efficiency compared to TV rice. Farming experience, education attainment, landholding size, the share of non-agricultural income and the share of land in the lower terraces account for the differences in technical inefficiencies across the sampled farms. The decomposition analysis suggests that as technical efficiency decreased, technical change is the main source of production growth during the survey period. Research limitations/implications The small sample size applied in the analysis will result in an insufficient representativeness of the study area. Originality/value This paper fills the literature gap as estimations of technical efficiency that account for subtle differences in adopted rice varieties are still rare in India.

When do job insecure employees adapt to change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi N. Lavigne ◽  
Victoria L. Whitaker ◽  
Dustin K. Jundt ◽  
Mindy K. Shoss
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job insecurity and adaptive performance (AP), contingent on changes to core work tasks, which we position as a situational cue to employees regarding important work behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Employees and their supervisors were invited to participate in the study. Supervisors were asked to provide ratings of employees’ AP and changes to core tasks; employees reported on job insecurity. Findings As predicted, changes to core tasks moderated the relationship between job insecurity and AP. Job insecurity was negatively related to AP for those experiencing low levels of change, but was not related to AP for those experiencing high levels of change. Counter to expectations, no main effect of job insecurity was found. Research limitations/implications This study employed a fairly small sample of workers from two organizations, which could limit generalizability. Practical implications The study identifies changes to core tasks as a boundary condition for the job insecurity–AP relationship. Findings suggest that organizations may not observe deleterious consequences of job insecurity on AP when changes to core tasks are high. Originality/value Few researchers have examined boundary conditions of the impact of job insecurity on AP. Furthermore, inconsistent findings regarding the link between job insecurity and AP have emerged. This study fills the gap and expands upon previous research by examining changes to core tasks as a condition under which job insecurity does not pose an issue for AP.

“There is still a perception that homelessness is a housing problem”: devolution, homelessness and health in the UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Whiteford ◽  
Glenn Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Comparative Policy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an exploratory account of the links between devolution, homelessness and health in the UK. Specifically, it focusses on the policy context and governance structures that shape the systems of healthcare for homeless people in London, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Design/methodology/approach Empirically the paper draws on semi-structured interviews with a small sample of policy and practice actors from the devolved territories. Qualitative interviews were supplemented by a comparative policy analysis of the homelessness and health agenda within the devolved regions. Theoretically, it takes inspiration from Chaney’s concept of the “issue salience of homelessness” and explores the comparative character of healthcare as pertains to homeless people across the devolved territories. Findings The paper provides clear evidence of areas of divergence and convergence in policy and practice between the devolved regions. These features are shown to be strongly mediated by the interplay of two factors: first, the scope and scale of national and local homelessness prevention strategies; and second, intra-national variation in public health responses to homelessness. Originality/value The paper offers considerable insight from a comparative policy perspective into the nature of healthcare provision for homeless people in the devolved regions.

Improving new product development performance by risk management

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Salavati ◽  
Milad Tuyserkani ◽  
Seyyede Anahita Mousavi ◽  
Nafiseh Falahi ◽  
Farshid Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
New Product ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Npd Performance

Purpose The principal aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between technological, marketing, organizational and commercialization risk management on new product development (NPD) performance. Design/methodology/approach Based on questionnaire, the data were collected from a sample of general automotive industry in Iran. Based on theoretical considerations, a model was proposed and descriptive statistic and hierarchical regression were used to measure the relationship between risk management factors and NPD performance. Findings Data analysis revealed that if organization can amplify their knowledge and information about risk and main factors that affect NPD process, not only can they do their work better but can also increase their ability to predict future happenings that affect performance. Research limitations/implications First, due to the relatively small sample size, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results. Second, the data were collected from automotive producer in Iran, which may restrict to some extent generalizability of the findings. Practical implications The results suggest that managers should consider more attention to risk management. If managers spread the risk management in all aspects of the NPD project, total performance will be increased and it can develop the probability of NPD success. Also organizations should perform great market research due to best commercialization. Originality/value Past researches have presented complete information about NPD process. But identifying and considering the effect of the risk management parameters that are connected to the NPD process were the main thrusts to perform the study. In this paper, based on past research about risk management of NPD, the extra aspect of process that can improve total performance of NPD has been examined.

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