The impact of Chinese direct investments on employment in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaa Nabil Khodeir
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Employment Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose Chinese direct investments play a very prominent role in economic interactions with many African countries and result in many economic effects. This study aims to identify the employment effect of Chinese direct investments in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This paper empirically investigates the employment effects of Chinese direct investments using a panel data approach over the period 2007-2012. Findings The results suggested that for Africa as a whole, represented in 38 countries, Chinese direct investments had a significant positive effect on employment. They also indicated that the education level supported employment. In southern Africa, represented in 32 countries, the results were the same. So, there is a need to encourage and diversify Chinese investments. However, in northern Africa, represented in six countries, the results indicated that Chinese direct investments had an insignificant effect on employment, while education still had its positive effect. Therefore, it is important for northern African Governments to ensure issues like job creation and technology transfer in any future investment projects with China. Originality/value This study is characterized by the following contributions: it deals with a gap in the economic knowledge concerning the impact of Chinese investments on employment. Most of the previous studies have focused on the determinants of these investments or on their economic growth effects. It is the first study that measures the employment impact of Chinese investments in Africa at both macro and regional levels. The study deals with the period of financial crisis and its ensuing repercussions on the movement of investments, and this makes it more reflective of current developments through the most recent data available.

Effect of R&D subsidies and tax credits on the innovative processes of Chilean firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 517-534
Author(s):  
Cristian Mardones ◽  
Florencia Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pseudo Panel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of research and development (R&D) subsidies and tax credits on the innovative processes of Chilean firms.Design/methodology/approachProbit and tobit models for pseudo-panel with instrumental variables are estimated using data from different versions of the Innovation Survey covering the period 2007–2016.FindingsThe results show that R&D subsidies and tax credits have a statistically significant and positive effect on the probability of performing internal and external R&D, but do not affect the intensity of R&D spending, reflecting a crowding-out effect on private funds of both instruments. On the other hand, firms that simultaneously receive R&D subsidies and tax credits have a lower percentage of innovative sales. Furthermore, there are not effects statistically significant of the R&D subsidies and/or tax credits on the number of intellectual property rights applications.Originality/valueIt is concluded that both instruments have not been effective to encourage innovative outputs in Chilean firms.

scholarly journals The impact of abandoning social responsibility certifications: evidence from the decertification of SA8000 standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 100-126
Author(s):  
Matteo Podrecca ◽  
Guido Orzes ◽  
Marco Sartor ◽  
Guido Nassimbeni
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeIn recent years, many companies have decided to decertify from their previously adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards. The aim of this paper is to explore the phenomenon by focusing on the most important auditable CSR standard: Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000).Design/methodology/approachFirst, an event study is performed on a dataset composed of 136 SA8000 decertified public listed companies to analyse the possible relationship between certification, decertification and firms’ operating performance. Second, the authors shed light on the differences between 94 SA8000 (still) certified and the abovementioned 136 decertified firms. Finally, 10 interviews are conducted with decertified firms in the dataset to deepen the outcomes of the previous analyses.FindingsThe results show that, despite an initial positive effect in terms of sales and profitability, decertified companies experienced a reduction in productivity and profitability in the years following the certification, while positive outcomes emerged after the decertification. The study also highlights that certified and decertified firms differ in terms of home country, industry and labour intensity.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by opening the debate on an important but unexplored research area: the decertification from the most popular CSR standard, i.e. SA8000, and its relationship with firms' performance. In doing this, it also highlights the main differences between decertified and certified companies.

Broadening the horizons of intellectual capital disclosure to the sports industry: evidence from top UEFA clubs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Vitolla ◽  
Nicola Raimo ◽  
Michele Rubino ◽  
Antonello Garzoni
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Football Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The football industry presents a unique setting for intellectual capital analysis. This study aims to investigate the online intellectual capital disclosure level of top football clubs and to analyse the impact of some explanatory factors on the level of information provided. Design/methodology/approach The authors use manual content analysis of the websites to measure intellectual capital disclosure levels along with a regression analysis on a sample of the 80 football clubs that qualified for the group stages of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions and Europa League. Findings Empirical results reveal that football clubs disclose a limited amount of information regarding intangibles on their websites. In addition, they show that sports performance, technical market value and social media visibility have a positive effect on the disclosure level. Originality/value This study extends the horizon of intellectual capital disclosure to a sector (football) that is currently under-explored and broadens the list of antecedents of the intellectual capital disclosure level.

A summary of government initiatives relating to employment for people with learning disabilities in England

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Blamires
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis of current and previous government policies and strategies, in relation to people with learning disabilities and employment, to facilitate a better understanding of the current situation and future challenges. Design/methodology/approach – A search was completed to identify government policies relating to the employment of people with learning disabilities. Key policies were identified and their impact was discussed in the paper. Findings – It appears there is a necessity to identify how successful pilot projects can be replicated on a national scale, with clear targets and measures and initial financial support to set up these services. Alongside this there is a need for interventions targeting not just employers, but the general population, educating people about the importance of including and valuing people with learning disabilities in the workforce. Originality/value – It is important that policy is analysed and the impact of it is assessed to determine whether more action is necessary. This paper adds updates to some of the issues discussed in Melling et al.’s (2011) paper about “Supported employment for people with learning disabilities”.

Organizational practices for the expatriates’ adjustment: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Sousa ◽  
Gabriela Gonçalves ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
José Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Cultural Training ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Cultural Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates’ topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out. Findings Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expatriates. Originality/value The authors feel the lack of studies that have adequate indicators to measure the integration and effectiveness of the adjustment of expatriates.

Sharia motivation in Muslim tourism definition, is it matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardius Usman ◽  
Nurdin Sobari ◽  
Lia Estika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This study aims to identify the terminology that is in accordance with the reality of Muslim tourism market, especially from the perspective of Sharia motivation, between Halal tourism and Islamic tourism; provide information on the special needs of Muslim travelers based on the dominant motivational differences; and find the impact of Sharia motivation and the special needs of Muslim tourists to their satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The target population in this study is Muslim traveler at least 18 years old who has been traveling throughout Indonesia. Paired sample t-Test, multivariate analysis of variance and the multiple linier regression are applied for data analysis. Findings This study finds that Sharia motivation is less dominant in encouraging Muslims to travel; Sharia motivation has no impact on the importance of Sharia transportation, generic transportation and generic activities; and the dominance of Sharia motivation does not affect Muslim tourist satisfaction. However, the dominance of Sharia motivation has an influence on the importance of Sharia accommodation and Sharia activities, where both variables have positive effect on satisfaction. In the end, this study concludes that it is better to use the concept of Halal tourism than Islamic tourism. Originality/value This paper investigates the term of Halal tourism and Islamic tourism that are still ambiguous; even some researchers consider that the definition of both is similar.

International examiners’ participation of the Viva: a ritual or an actual indicator of research quality?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Nir ◽  
Ronit Bogler
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
South American ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Little is known about the impact external Viva examiners coming from the international community of scholars have on the quality of PhD research. This study aims to argue that the encounter between local and international examiners (IEs) is subject to various complexities, raising doubts about whether IEs’ participation and approval of the Viva may indicate for the quality of PhD research, and, therefore, serve to promote a university’s prestige. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with IEs who served as examiners in six European countries, two African countries, two South American countries and one in the Commonwealth of Australia. Findings Findings show that structural features, cultural qualities and personal contacts restrict IEs’ ability to introduce significant changes in students’ research, turning the Viva into a ritual with confined academic significance. Originality/value The findings reveal that the Viva is mostly a ritual confined by structural and cultural barriers. While rituals are considered significant due to their consolidating and socializing functions, it appears that a Viva is mostly a ceremonial event that has little impact on the quality of PhD research or on shaping the research culture of the hosting universities according to international standards. Implications are further discussed.

Off-farm employment, land renting and concentration of farmland in the process of urbanization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiliang Su ◽  
Tor Eriksson ◽  
Linxiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of off-farm employment on the concentration of farmland via households’ land rental activities in rural China. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses Probit and Tobit models to estimate the effect of off-farm employment on land rental activities. Furthermore, the paper compares the degree of land concentration between pre-renting and post-renting in terms of Gini coefficients of farmland ownership at village level. Findings The authors find that off-farm employment has a positive effect on the renting out farmland, and insignificant effect on renting in farmland. Moreover, off-farm employment intensifies the concentration of farmland from small farms toward big farms by renting activities. Originality/value The authors believe that the results will contribute positively to the assessment of the effect of off-farm employment on land concentration in the context of the urbanization process in China.

A review of literature on IFRS in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tawiah ◽  
Pran Boolaky
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
African Context ◽  
Fair Valuation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper is an appraisal of existing literature on IFRS in Africa. In a bid to determine what exists and what is missing in the literature, the authors have reviewed three streams of studies, namely, adoption, compliance/harmonisation and consequences of IFRS in Africa, with the aim to suggest what remains to be investigated on IFRS in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic review approach including synthesis of a variety of archival materials. Articles on Africa were summarised under three main headings: adoption, compliance/harmonisation and consequences of IFRS. Findings This review finds limited research on IFRS in Africa. It reveals that although past cross-continent studies claimed to cover Africa, they are limited to only a few countries and mainly predominated by South Africa. The authors identified only one study that investigated the impact of economic and cultural factors on IFRS adoption in Africa and few cross-continent studies but considering only very few African countries. Regarding compliance, four studies concluded that compliance with IFRS is dependent on a firm’s characteristics. The authors also identified that some of the generalised findings from prior research on consequences of IFRS are of limited significance in the African context. Originality/value This study suggests the determinants of adoption, compliance and consequences of IFRS in Africa are different if studied separately. It identifies some gaps in the literature that require further research, specifically, IFRS on taxation, fair valuation practices and the institutional capacities of countries to implement the standards.

The effects of materialism on consumer evaluation of sustainable synthetic (lab-grown) products

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-590
Author(s):  
Jessica Keech ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Jeffrey Steven Podoshen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Evaluation ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
The Future ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The increasing desire of consumers for socially responsible luxury products combined with fluctuating supplies in consumer markets are leading various industries to seek alternative sources to be able to meet the needs of its customers. One possible solution that may meet the demands of the future is lab-grown products. Because these products confer multiple benefits, this study aims to investigate the most effective ways to appeal to consumers by aligning the benefits of the products with their values as marketers seek to find effective promotion for these items. Design/methodology/approach We examine the effectiveness of an ethical positioning strategy for two types of luxury lab-grown (synthetic) products among high versus low materialism consumers in three experiments. Findings Findings suggest that a positioning strategy stressing product ethicality is more effective for low materialism consumers, whereas the strategy is less effective, and may even backfire, for high materialism consumers. The impact on social status consumers perceive from a lab-grown product explains why this effect occurs among low materialism consumers. Therefore, marketers should take caution and use specific appeals for different segments based on values such as consumers’ materialism levels. Originality/value If lab-grown products represent the wave of the future, it is important to understand how consumers will respond to this emerging technology and how promotion strategies may enhance their evaluation.

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