From research to practice: a multifaceted and dimensional approach to psychopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Steinert ◽  
Sneha Shankar ◽  
Eamonn P. Arble
Keyword(s):  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Correctional Settings ◽  
Intervention Modality ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate trends in research and clinical practice that may contribute to the limited utility of assessment and treatment modalities designed to capture and address psychopathy. It identifies a lack of consistency between the academic understanding of psychopathy and how the construct is applied in clinical contexts. The authors provide clarity and direction for a more effective application of the psychopathy construct in practical contexts. Design/methodology/approach This review first examines the etiology of important limitations to psychopathy research and practical application, and proposes the adoption of the most recent empirical conceptualization of the construct into practical contexts. It then evaluates the current functionality of psychopathy in practical contexts. The review ultimately proposes a method for designing intervention practices based on the model used in the development of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder, which will improve the practical utility of the construct. Findings The present review provides evidence that a multifaceted and dimensional perspective of psychopathy will improve the practical utility of the construct and help move the field forward. It suggests that considering independent components of the psychopathy construct along a continuous scale, as with DBT, will contribute to improvements in assessments and treatments that target psychopathy. Practical implications The current review applies relevant research to a model for developing an intervention modality particularly in forensic or correctional settings where individuals high in psychopathy are often seen. The implications outlined provide a framework that could impact practice and assessment in forensic contexts moving forward. Originality/value Previous research has not concisely outlined problems concerning the link between psychopathy research and how the construct is applied in practical settings. Few researchers have proposed plausible solutions that could improve the utility of the construct in such settings.

The generation of adaptive assembly from predicting change propagation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Qiao ◽  
Rong Mo ◽  
Ying Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Assembly Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish an adaptive assembly, to realize the adaptive changing of the models and to improve the flexibility and reliability of assembly change. For a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) assembly in a changing process, there are two practical problems. One is delivering parameters’ information not smoothly. The other one is to easily destroy an assembly structure. Design/methodology/approach – The paper establishes associated parameters design structure matrix of related parts, and predicts possible propagation paths of the parameters. Based on the predicted path, structured storage is made for the affected parameters, tolerance range and the calculation relations. The study combines structured path information and all constrained assemblies to build the adaptive assembly, proposes an adaptive change algorithm for assembly changing and discusses the extendibility of the adaptive assembly. Findings – The approach would improve the flexibility and reliability of assembly change and be applied to different CAD platform. Practical implications – The examples illustrate the construction and adaptive behavior of the assembly and verify the feasibility and reasonability of the adaptive assembly in practical application. Originality/value – The adaptive assembly model proposed in the paper is an original method to assembly change. And compared with other methods, good results have been obtained.

Assets-based approaches to developing age friendly communities: learning from the bristol ageing better programme

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Beardmore ◽  
Penny Beynon ◽  
Christine Crabbe ◽  
Carol Fry ◽  
Jan Fullforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Older People ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose International attention is increasingly turning to the challenge of creating age-friendly environments. This study aims to examine the application of asset-based approaches in undertaking community development projects with older people. The paper intends to share the learning that may be useful when designing community development projects for older people in the future. Design/methodology/approach This study followed a multiple project case study design, with a focus on project delivery practices. It was undertaken as a co-production exercise involving university researchers and trained older volunteer community researchers (CRs). Over 18–24 months of qualitative research was conducted in relation to six area-based urban projects between 2018 and 2020. Findings There were five leading themes as follows: mapping and building on assets in highly localised settings; creating governance and direction through steering groups; developing activities with diverse groups of older people; reaching isolated and lonely older people; building local capacity to embed sustainability. Practical implications The effectiveness of assets-based approaches in promoting age-friendly agendas appears to be contingent on the values, skills, capacity and resourcing of delivery agencies, alongside wider public sector investment in communities. Diversity and inequalities amongst older people need to be taken into account and community development that specifically focuses on older people needs to be balanced with the whole population and intergenerational practice. Originality/value This paper provides an empirical account of the practical application of assets practices specifically in the context of the age-friendly community agenda. The co-production method brings together insights from academic and volunteer older CRs.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic delirium on symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chunkil Park ◽  
Leigh Goodrich ◽  
Bobak Hedayati ◽  
Ralph Albert ◽  
Kyle Dornhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications ◽  
Confusional States

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate delirium as a possible consequence of the application of symptom-triggered therapy for alcohol withdrawal and to explore alternative treatment modalities. In the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, symptom-triggered therapy directs nursing staff to regularly assess patients using standardized instruments, such as the Clinical Institute for Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar), and administer benzodiazepines at symptom severity thresholds. Symptom-triggered therapy has been shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration relative to fixed dosage tapers (Daeppen et al., 2002). However, CIWA-Ar has important limitations. Because of its reliance on patient reporting, it is inappropriate for nonverbal patients, non-English speakers (in the absence of readily available translators) and patients in confusional states including delirium and psychosis. Importantly, it also relies on the appropriate selection of patients and considering alternate etiologies for signs and symptoms also associated with alcohol withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach The authors report a case of a 47-year-old male admitted for cardiac arrest because of benzodiazepine and alcohol overdose who developed worsening delirium on CIWA-Ar protocol. Findings While symptom-triggered therapy through instruments such as the CIWA-Ar protocol has shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration in patients in alcohol withdrawal, over-reliance on such tools may also lead providers to overlook other causes of delirium. Originality/value This case illustrates the necessity for providers to consider using other available assessment and treatment options including objective alcohol withdrawal scales, fixed benzodiazepine dosage tapers and even antiepileptic medications in select patients.

Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle and Scharmer’s Theory U

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Potter
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Theory U ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Current

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine two contrasting leadership development methodologies, Reflective Practice and Scharmer’s Theory U. Design/methodology/approach – Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle and Scharmer’s Reflecting Deeply exercise were applied to the same leadership incident on separate days. Findings – Reflective Practice provided helpful insights through focusing on one’s thoughts, feelings and motives during the event, as well as the actions of others and the author’s responses to them. The author found that using Scharmer’s Reflecting Deeply exercise enabled a deeper understanding of the incident to emerge, which also provided new and distinct insights. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation was the case study nature of this exercise; these findings are merely the result of one person’s experiences. Practical implications – To develop rounded leadership skills, leaders can benefit from tapping into all of their resources; these two approaches allow different aspects of one’s intelligence to be accessed, which ought to facilitate greater development. Social implications – Many authors cite a current crisis of leadership, not least of all a perceived failure to tackle the environmental challenges we face. By seeking to develop more intelligent and rounded leaders, leadership itself ought to improve which in turn should help society tackle pressing issues. Originality/value – To the author’s knowledge, a direct comparison of the leadership development methodologies used in this paper has not been previously described. This paper provides useful insights into the practical application of Reflective Practice and Scharmer’s Theory U, which will help inform others seeking to develop as leaders.

Valuation paradigm: a rationality and (un)certainty spectrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jansen van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Valuation Theory ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
End User ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: the primary purpose is to suggest a real estate paradigm spectrum to act as reference for the contextualisation of observed market phenomenon in system terms; the secondary purpose is for the spectrum to contextualise the efficacy of real estate and valuation theory, methods and techniques; and the tertiary purpose is to propose a confidence score for reporting uncertainty to the end user of a valuation report. Design/methodology/approach Literature was reviewed on the concepts of risk and uncertainty, rationality and several systems thinking domains. Findings The framework can provide context to observed market phenomenon and distinguishes between agency and mechanism in contributing to conditions of certainty and uncertainty. The argument followed in this paper is that it is necessary to contextualise the efficacy of real estate and valuation theory, methods and models under conditions of certainty, normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The characteristics of conditions can be used as basis to develop new theory and practical application or modify existing. Practical implications Real estate economic theory can be organised in terms of the spectrum and the framework can potentially identify where further research is required and the requirements it must meet as measured against the characteristics of the framework. Current valuation methods and models can continue to be used when valuing under conditions of certainty, however, modifications to methods and models are required to account for complexity when valuing under conditions of normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The confidence score included in this paper can also be used to report the conditions of certainty/uncertainty under which the valuation was performed. Originality/value This paper aims to set the basis for new theoretical and practical developments of insights into real estate economic and valuation theory, methods and models while also contributing to the reporting of uncertainty through the proposed confidence score.

Organizational socialization and ethical fit: a conceptual development by serendipity

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A.L. Coldwell ◽  
Mervywn Williamson ◽  
Danielle Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Organizational Socialization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Hr Management ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeA significant and increasing number of graduate recruits take up employment for specific companies by virtue of their ethical reputation and profiles. As such, ethical fit has become an important dimension of the attraction and retention of graduates. However, preconceived notions of a company’s ethical orientation obtained through the media and initial recruitment exercises may be challenged during the induction and socialization phases of organizational entry, such that people may find that the reputation is just an external façade leading to disappointment and a reassessment of the employer. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s essential focus is on building a conceptual ethical fit model and to underline the need for further conceptual development in the area. The analysis of extant secondary data and the methodology of serendipity were used.FindingsThe model’s conceptual cogency and practical utility for human resource management are analyzed in the light of specific secondary data and specific propositions described.Research limitations/implicationsA major concern with conceptual models is empirical validity and practical utility which requires empirical testing. However, this limitation has been mitigated by the use of a serendipitous approach from a qualitative empirical study with a generalized person–organization (P–O) focus.Practical implicationsVarious practical implications of the model described in the paper for HR management are evident from empirical studies in the area which have dealt with particular aspects of the model. For example, Baueret al.(1998) found that socialization effects employee turnover. And, Cable and Parsons (2001) indicate that organizational socialization is critical in generating committed employees whose values are congruent with those of the organization. Since committed employees are critical for the success of the organization, they suggest training programs for hiring managers and criteria in performance appraisals that include the development of employee value congruence through specific formal socialization tactics.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the extant literature by building a dynamic conceptual model with attendant testable propositions that explore the implications of employee misalignment in pre-socialization anticipatory organizational ethical fit and post-socialization organizational ethical fit. More specifically, the study contributes to the extant literature by considering the socialization process in relation to ethical fit dynamics. It also considers from the point of view of specific moral development theory and changing perceptions of ethical climate that occur during organizational socialization. Serendipitous material obtained from a qualitative study of P–O fit puts flesh on the bones of the effects of the socialization process on ethical fit described by the paper’s conceptual model while providing circumstantial evidence for the propositions and their practical utility for HR management.

Alternative paradigms for sustainability: the Māori worldview

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-855
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Kennedy ◽  
Cathy McGouran ◽  
Joya A. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Paradigm Development ◽  
Marketing Implementation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The authors do not claim that the following represents the views of any one tribe but instead the culmination of the academic literature written on the topic. Marketing’s current Western dominant social paradigm (DSP) is said to perpetuate “green”, yet unsustainable practices. The DSP does not support strictly pro-environmental practices and its proposed alternative, the new environmental paradigm (NEP), lacks in-depth conceptualisation, especially concerning business and marketing activities. However, the two paradigms contrast so much that a shift from one to the other is vehemently argued against and conceptually rife with problems. This paper aims to expand upon the merits of the NEP using indigenous people’s environmental philosophies – specifically the Māori people of New Zealand[1] – as examples of historically supported and successful sustainable philosophies. It conceptualises the Māori view to provide a more practical alternative to the DSP and includes propositions for marketing implementation of this perspective. Findings By explicating both the DSP and NEP and reflecting on each through an indigenous Māori view, this paper provides propositions for a broadened paradigm that supports sustainability and its application for sustainable marketing. Research limitations/implications The implications of this research are in the area of paradigm development and in providing an alternative paradigm to that of the DSP. This paper is the first to fully explicate parts of the NEP and considers a solution to the problems of changing the current DSP so drastically by broadening the NEP using a Māori worldview. Practical implications The propositions and examples provided in this work give practical application of the newly presented paradigm for marketers influenced by indigenous belief systems. Originality/value This paper is the first to explicate parts of the NEP and broaden its reach by integrating a Māori worldview as an alternative to drastically changing the current DSP. It does so by proposing that marketers embrace a middle ground that is influenced by indigenous belief systems.

Assessing business model concepts with taxonomical research criteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saku Mäkinen ◽  
Marko Seppänen
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Current Business

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesize taxonomical criteria that can be used for assessing research constructs and assess current business model conceptualizations. The paper attempts to show how the criticism plaguing current business model conceptualizations could be removed with future conceptual development against these taxonomical criteria.Design/methodology/approachThe paper synthesizes taxonomical criteria and assesses current business model conceptualizations.FindingsThe results of the paper revealed that the current business model concepts comply poorly with the taxonomical criteria. The assessment of taxonomical compliance in this paper exposed major opportunities for enhancements in the existing conceptualizations of business model.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the paper outline novel avenues for future research in developing more coherent and rigorous business model conceptualizations.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the paper are that current conceptualizations of a business model are at best incommensurate and at worst even misleading. This paper presents criteria that may be used in guiding the necessary caution and careful deliberation when practical application of the current business model conceptualizations is enforced.Originality/valueThe paper is original in that it establishes the taxonomical criteria, which may be used in research seeking to develop more sound and rigorous business model conceptualizations. To advance this new field the paper concludes that the taxonomical criteria can aid in the future research endeavors to design relevant business model conceptualizations.

Theoretical notes regarding the practical application of Stafford Beer’s viable system model

Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Orengo
Keyword(s):  
System Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Diffusion Curve ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to capture current difficulties with the practical application of the viable system model (VSM). On this basis, a set of suggestions toward a more effective application of the model is made. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on observations from practical applications of the VSM, systematically collected by the author. Findings The paper suggests that the VSM is currently stuck in the typical chasm of a bell-shaped diffusion curve. The paper makes six propositions to smoother pass from the early adopters to the early majority. Research limitations/implications The six findings imply various research efforts. Practical implications In contrast to frequent claims that VSM should be made accessible easily to a larger number of people, the paper suggests that a smaller number of better trained VSM experts support a larger number of managers with a more generic know how. Social implications A more focused but broader application of the VSM may lead to better societal organizations and therefore to a more efficient effective solution of societal problems. Originality/value The paper suggests to tighten the focus of the VSM to the very abstract topic of judging variety balances and at the same time to better connect the model with the suite of established methods and tools in management. This is a contrast to other attempts, which either simplify the VSM or extend it into a comprehensive methodology.

Hybrid fuzzy Monte Carlo agent-based modeling of workforce motivation and performance in construction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raoufi ◽  
Aminah Robinson Fayek
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to cover the development of a methodology for hybrid fuzzy Monte Carlo agent-based simulation (FMCABS) and its implementation on a parametric study of construction crew performance. Design/methodology/approach The developed methodology uses fuzzy logic, Monte Carlo simulation and agent-based modeling to simulate the behavior of construction crews and predict their performance. Both random and subjective uncertainties are considered in model variables. Findings The developed methodology was implemented on a real case involving the parametric study of construction crew performance to assess its applicability and suitability for this context. Research limitations/implications This parametric study demonstrates a practical application for the hybrid FMCABS methodology. Though findings from this study are limited to the context of construction crew motivation and performance, the applicability of the developed methodology extends beyond the construction domain. Practical implications This paper will help construction practitioners to predict and improve crew performance by taking into account both random and subjective uncertainties. Social implications This paper will advance construction modeling by allowing for the assessment of social interactions among crews and their effects on crew performance. Originality/value The developed hybrid FMCABS methodology represents an original contribution, as it allows agent-based models to simultaneously process all types of variables (i.e. deterministic, random and subjective) in the same simulation experiment while accounting for interactions among different agents. In addition, the developed methodology is implemented in a novel and extensive parametric study of construction crew performance.

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