Expatriate support and success

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul van der Laken ◽  
Marloes van Engen ◽  
Marc van Veldhoven ◽  
Jaap Paauwe
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relational Exchange ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review empirical research on the relationship between organization-based social support and the success of international assignments (IAs). Design/methodology/approach Four search engines were used to obtain empirical studies relating organization-based social support to success criteria. Studies were compared based on type of theoretical foundation, criteria of success, source of social support and study design. Findings The reviewed studies draw on three theoretical paradigms – based on stress, social capital and relational exchange. The results demonstrate that expatriates receive social support from multiple organization-based sources and that these sources’ proximity to the expatriate influences the relationship between social support and success. Regarding geographical proximity, sources in the home and host countries fulfil different supportive functions and therefore stimulate different success criteria. Additionally, the success criteria stimulated by organizational support depend on the type of supportive practices offered. The impact of support from organizational members is further influenced by their hierarchical proximity to the expatriate, with supervisory support relating most strongly to success. In addition to proximity, characteristics of the expatriating employee and the assignment (e.g. expatriate motivation and assignment hardship) influence the value of social support. Finally, social support relates most strongly to expatriates’ satisfaction, commitment, and adjustment and these frequently mediate its effect on expatriates’ retention and performance. Research limitations/implications Although only organization-based sources were considered, this review demonstrates that a multidimensional perspective is warranted when examining the effects of social support during IAs. Practical implications This review provides insights into the ways organizations could and should assist (self-initiated) expatriates when aiming for specific outcomes. Originality/value This in-depth examination of social support in the work environment of expatriates combines several theoretical paradigms and investigates multiple criteria of success.

scholarly journals Interpersonal affect and host country national support of expatriates

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Varma ◽  
Pawan Budhwar ◽  
Anastasia Katou ◽  
Jossy Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role played by host country nationals’ (HCNs) collectivism and the interpersonal affect they develop toward expatriate colleagues, in determining the degree to which Chinese HCNs would be willing to offer role information and social support to expatriates from India and the USA. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a between-subjects simulation (n=402) with front-line, junior-level professionals in four global organizations operating in China, measuring their interpersonal affect toward a hypothetical expatriate colleague, and their willingness to offer role information and social support to the expatriate. Findings Results indicated the interpersonal affect felt by Chinese HCNs mediates the relationship between the collectivism levels of Chinese HCNs, and their willingness to offer role information and social support to expatriates. Research limitations/implications It should be acknowledged that the authors used hypothetical “paper-people” to test the hypotheses. Future studies should investigate the impact of collectivism and interpersonal affect on HCN willingness to offer role information and social support by examining HCNs’ attitudes toward real-life expatriate colleagues. Originality/value While empirical studies examining HCN willingness to offer role information and social support have begun to emerge in the expatriate literature, only a couple of studies have included interpersonal affect as a key determinant. Given that interpersonal affect is a key determinant of individuals’ reactions to others, but also a complex construct, the findings confirm the need for organizations to examine how this impacts performance and co-worker interactions in the workplace.

The impact of psychological safety on transformative learning in the workplace: a quantitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-547
Author(s):  
Chang-kyu Kwon ◽  
Seung-hyun Han ◽  
Aliki Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of psychological safety on transformative learning in the workplace. This study focused on psychological safety as a specific practice that may or may not independently contribute to transformative learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from 132 employees in one US manufacturing company through a survey asking about the perception of psychological safety and the experience of transformative learning. A mediation analysis was conducted to test the effects of transformative learning processes – social support, attitude toward uncertainty and criticality – on the relationship between psychological safety and transformative learning outcomes. Findings The results of this study showed that psychological safety led to transformative learning outcomes mediated by transformative learning processes including social support, attitude toward uncertainty and criticality. Originality/value Existing literature reveals little about the mechanism of how transformative learning occurs in the workplace. This study contributes to the field of human resource development by explaining the relationship between psychological safety and transformative learning, as well as first attempting to use transformative learning as a viable construct in workplace research.

How can leader humor enhance subordinates’ service creativity? The moderator of subordinates’ SFIT and the mediator of role modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-882
Author(s):  
Leiqing Peng ◽  
Shaohui Lei ◽  
Yulang Guo ◽  
Fei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeAs an essential personality charm of leaders, humor can bring a series of positive outcomes to both users and receivers. However, there is also evidence that the impact of leaders’ humor (LH) is constrained by individuals, teams and organizational factors. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between LH and subordinates’ service creativity. Based on social learning theory and previous literature on LH, this paper identifies role modeling as the mediator and suggests that subordinates’ sensitivity to favorable interpersonal treatment (SFIT) moderates these relationships.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test the proposed moderated mediation model, this study employed hierarchical multiple regression and path analyses with valid data of 348 samples.FindingsResults revealed that LH positively affects role modeling and service creativity of subordinates, while subordinates' SFIT positively moderates the relationship between LH and subordinates' service creativity via role modeling.Practical implicationsIn compliance with these findings, this research suggests that enterprises should pay attention to the role of humor from middle managers and strengthen managers' role modeling through multiple measures to establish a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere in the workplace.Originality/valueBuilt on the conceptual framework, this study contributes to the literature on LH and employees’ service creativity by treating role modeling as the mechanism and SFIT as the moderator. This research is one of the first few empirical studies to investigate the relationship between LH and service creativity of service personnel in the service industry.

Examining the impact of social exchange relationships on innovative work behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upasna A. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Western India ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper concurrently examines the antecedents, moderator as well as mediator of innovative work behavior (IWB). Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports a quantitative study of 510 managers from two service organizations based in western India. The focus of the paper is to examine the predictive ability of leader–member exchange (LMX), perceived organizational support (POS) and engagement on employees' IWB. Role of LMX as moderating variable (in POS–IWB relationship) and work engagement as the underlying mechanism explaining the relationship between predicting variables (LMX and POS) and IWB is tested. Findings – Results suggest that LMX, POS and work engagement positively relate to innovative employee behavior; LMX moderates the relationship between POS and innovative employee behavior. Additionally, work engagement mediates the relationship of LMX and POS with IWB. Research limitations/implications – Although this study is cross-sectional in nature, its findings have implications for contemporary leadership and organizational psychology research. Originality/value – This study significantly contributes to four different bodies of knowledge–work engagement, LMX, POS and IWB. The study also contributes in terms of its context. With increasing multinational opening their business in India, an understanding of employee motivation has become an important concern. This research is one of the rare attempts to examine engagement levels of Indian managerial employees.

The impact of transformational leadership on employees’ creativity

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghrid S. Suifan ◽  
Ayman Bahjat Abdallah ◽  
Marwa Al Janini
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of transformational leadership on employees’ creativity in the Jordanian banking sector through the mediating effect of perceived organizational support. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on survey data collected from 369 employees working in Jordanian banks. Validity and reliability analyses were performed, and direct and indirect effects were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that transformational leadership positively affects some dimensions of employees’ creativity and perceived organizational support. However, perceived organizational support is found to not be significantly related to some dimensions of employees’ creativity. Additionally, the mediating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between transformational leadership and some dimensions of employees’ creativity is found to not be significant. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ creativity through perceived organizational support, especially in an Arab country and in the banking sector.

Enhancing Engagement through Job Resources: The Moderating Role of Affective Commitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dominguez ◽  
María José Chambel ◽  
Vânia Sofia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Research has shown that affective commitment, one of three components of organizational commitment defined by Meyer and Allen (1991), can act as a moderator in relationships between job stressors and worker´s psychological tension. However, due to the scarcity of studies that investigate the moderating effect of this commitment component on relationships between positive variables, the purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of affective commitment in the relationship between autonomy, peer support, supervisory support and perceived organizational support (POS), as job resources, on engagement. In this sense, we analyzed the data provided by a sample of Portuguese employees (N = 554), from an organization belonging to the consultancy sector. Firstly, we aimed to examine the direct effects of those job resources on engagement, and, then, examine the impact of affective commitment as a moderator on these relationships. The results partially support the hypotheses formulated. Indeed, there was a positive relationship between the job resources studied - work autonomy, peer support, supervisory support and POS - and engagement. Furthermore, according to our hypothesis, the interaction established between affective commitment and autonomy, significantly exacerbates the positive effect of this job resource on workers well-being, that is, on their engagement (b = .08, p < .05). However, contrary to our hypothesis, the affective commitment does not moderate the relationship between the other job resources and engagement. This study contributes to a deepest knowledge about the potentialities of affective commitment, reinforcing the importance of consider it as a contextual resource.

scholarly journals Personality traits, social support, and training transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kueh Hua Ng ◽  
Rusli Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Substantially few or no known empirical studies have explicitly focused on the higher-order construct of motivation in human resource development (HRD), namely, motivation to improve work through learning (MTIWL) as a mediator linking personality traits and social support to training transfer. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to redress the inadequacy by exploring the role of MTIWL as a mediator on such relationships. Design/methodology/approach Consistent with positivism, quantitative data based on self-rating were collected from 131 trainees attending management training programs organized by a public sector training provider in Malaysia. Findings The findings indicate that personality traits (i.e. conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness) and social support (i.e. perceived organizational support and peer support) influenced training transfer via the mediating role of MTIWL. Supervisor support, nonetheless, was not a significant predictor of training transfer through MTIWL. Originality/value This study focuses on a more holistic motivational construct than simple motivation in HRD. The focus on MTIWL extends the existing understanding of the underlying motivational influences that link dispositional and situational factors to training transfer in occupational settings.

Can I make a difference here? The impact of perceived organizational support on volunteer commitment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth McBey ◽  
Len Karakowsky ◽  
Peggy Ng
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Method Variance ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on organizational commitment in the voluntary and not-for-profit sector. The study extends the work done so far on the mediating roles of self-expression and perceived influence. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports an empirical research study which examined the impact of POS on organizational commitment in the voluntary and not-for-profit sector. Survey data were collected from a sample of health services workers (n=275) from a large not-for-profit organization. Findings Analyses showed that perception of organizational support positively influenced self-expression. In addition, self-expression mediated the relationship between perception of organizational support and organizational commitment, and both self-expression and perceived influence were statistically significant in their relationship with organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications First, because of the cross-sectional nature of the authors’ design, it is difficult to establish the direction of causality. For example, POS and organizational commitment may be reciprocally related. It is possible that volunteers who are committed may perceive themselves as being valued and contributing members of the organization. Second, the measures used in this study were based on self-report, suggesting therefore that method variance could possibly influence the results. Because the measures reflect individual perceptions, it was not possible to obtain data from sources other the participants. However, preliminary CFA analysis showed that each measure was distinct which should minimize concerns about method variance. Further, some scholars argue that common method variance may be overstated and not as severe as is generally claimed (Lindell and Whitney, 2001). Practical implications Given the need to maintain adequate levels of volunteerism, it is of critical importance for volunteering organizations to understand how to retain their volunteers for the long-term, particularly because volunteer turnover can be very costly in terms of decreased organizational morale, recruitment and training, and decreased ability to effectively serve the public. The authors’ study serves to underscore the fact that those organizations needs to be mindful that volunteers need to perceive adequate organizational support and feel the opportunity for self-expression if those volunteers are to remain committed. Social implications The authors’ study extends the work done so far on the mediating roles of self-expression and perceived influence in the relationship between POS and organizational commitment in voluntary and other not-for-profit organizations. The results suggest that POS positively influenced self-expression but not perception of influence. It also suggests that self-expression mediated the relationship between POS and organizational commitment, and both self-expression and perceived influence are statistically significantly related to organizational commitment. Even though prior research has examined POS as an antecedent, outcome, and a mediator, there is a paucity of research that has examined the proposed model within the context of voluntary and other not-for-profit sectors. Given the current rate of expansion in the voluntary sector, it is the authors’ hope that the present study will provide an impetus for additional research in this area. Originality/value Few studies have examined the impact of POS on self-expression and perceived influence, and the resulting impact on organizational commitment in the voluntary sector. This paper makes a notable contribution to the literature by empirically exploring this understudied relationship.

Factors affecting cultural intelligence and its impact on job performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Jyoti ◽  
Sumeet Kour
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social intelligence (SQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) on cultural intelligence (CQ) and to further examine the mediating role played by cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) in the relationship between CQ and job performance. Furthermore, the role played by experience and perceived social support between CQ and CCA has also been assessed. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 342 managers working in nationalized banks in J&K (India). Exploratory factor analysis was used for scale purification. Data were validated using confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses have been tested through structural equation modeling. Findings The study reveals that EQ and SQ significantly affect CQ. In addition, CCA mediates the relationship between CQ and job performance. Finally, perceived social support and experience moderates the relationship between CQ and CCA. The implications and limitations of the study have also been discussed. Research limitations/implications The study is cross-sectional in nature. The study has been carried out in the Indian cultural context, which can be extended to other Asian countries. Practical implications The study enhances the knowledge about CQ as an effective intercultural competency. Organization can use the CQ scale as a selection tool. Originality/value This study empirically examined the relationship between the predictors and the outcomes of CQ. Further, the study examines the moderated mediation effect of the interaction of CQ and experience and CQ and perceived social support through CCA on job performance.

On the impact of outside blockholders’ voting power

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-346
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Hugo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Benefits Of Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to complement existing research of the relationship between concentrated ownership and firm performance by theoretically exploring the impact of outside blockholders on the firm, primarily from the perspective of voting power. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes theoretical propositions based on analyses and logical extension of results of the existing theoretical and empirical studies. Findings This paper proposes three theoretical predictions: First, voting power provides outside blockholders a necessary condition to pursue shared and private benefits of control, and it is positively correlated with blockholders’ capability of influencing firm value. Second, everything else being equal, an outside blockholder is more (less) likely to pursue private benefits than shared benefits when the equity market is efficient and when the blockholder’s voting power is less (more) than 50 per cent. Third, controlling outside blockholders can capitalize on their voting power to appoint managerial delegates and board representatives to the invested firms for the purpose of pursuing private benefits of control. Originality/value This paper tries to make two contributions to the corporate governance literature. First, this research relies on a new perspective to explore the relationship between ownership structure and firm value. Second, this paper presents the first theoretical argument which states that controlling outside blockholders rely on their managerial delegates and board representatives to pursue their private benefits of control.

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