Subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism: a scale development

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Wagstaff ◽  
Adrienne Collela ◽  
María del Carmen Triana ◽  
Alexis Nicole Smith ◽  
Marla Baskerville Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control

Purpose – Drawing from social dominance theories and conceptualizations of paternalism, the purpose of this paper is to define and develop a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism (SPSP). Design/methodology/approach – The authors assess the validity of the measure using Hinkin’s (1998) scale development steps. Findings – The authors found evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism drawing from three different samples. Participants in the study were also able to differentiate a low from a high paternalism condition using the measure of paternalism. Finally, as expected, the interaction between a supervisor’s benevolence and control was significantly associated with subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide evidence for the validity of a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism while controlling for various status signals represented by demographic variables. Results may have been influenced by common method variance. However, there is no theoretical reason to expect any such interactions. Additionally, as the authors limited the data collection to the USA, the authors caution against generalizing beyond that context. Practical implications – The authors provide validity and reliability evidence for a unidimensional measure that is short and easy to administer in future research to further examine the consequences of perceptions of supervisor paternalism. Social implications – Defining and measuring subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism is important to society given the potential adverse consequences of these perceptions. Because paternalistic relationships pervade many supervisor-subordinate interactions, both subordinates and supervisors can become more sensitive to the consequences of such interactions by understanding the conditions under which supervisor paternalism manifests itself. Originality/value – Conceptually, in this study, the authors build on prior research and define supervisor paternalism from a social dominance perspective. Empirically, the authors contribute a statistically valid and reliable unidimensional measure.

scholarly journals Running on empty

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Tan ◽  
Ximena B. Arriaga ◽  
Christopher R. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Commitment Level

Commitment has often been used to examine why individuals unjustifiably persist in relationships that are lacking in or devoid of satisfaction. However, the practicality of using commitment to examine these situations has been questioned because of its substantial association with satisfaction. Across three studies, we created a measure of nonvoluntary dependence and investigated the validity and reliability of the Nonvoluntary Dependence Scale from an investment model perspective. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed evidence of a single factor and reliability analyses revealed good internal reliability for the measure. The new measure also evidenced desirable convergent and discriminant validity with respect to a number of existing individual- and relationship-level constructs. Consistent with hypotheses, nonvoluntary dependence was significantly associated with commitment level, investments, and alternatives but not with relationship satisfaction. Differences in nonvoluntary dependence were also found between individuals in aggressive versus nonaggressive relationships, with no differences found in commitment level. Implications regarding this new measure, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

Validity and reliability of the questionnaire that evaluates factors associated with perceived environmental behavior and perceived ecological purchasing behavior in Peruvian consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Lopez-Odar ◽  
Aldo Alvarez-Risco ◽  
Aristides Vara-Horna ◽  
Raquel Chafloque-Cespedes ◽  
M. Chandra Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Environmental Identity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metric Properties

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the metric properties of a questionnaire that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, environmental personal norms, environmental identity and environmental social influence. Design/methodology/approach The validity and reliability of the scales of the questionnaires were determined in a sample of 2445 consumers from Lima (Peru), selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas and by factorial analysis based on Classical Theory of Tests (CTT) and Structural Equations of Variance with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings The results support the construct and discriminant validity of the instrument, as well as the internal consistency of all the subscales (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.662 and 0.8887 – composite reliability between 0.815 and 0.917). Research limitations/implications Customers evaluated were only from Lima city. It would be important to evaluate, in future research, customers from other cities in Peru. Practical implications Although a large number of instruments have been designed, not all are based on integral theoretical models, and their metric properties were determined with methodological criteria that restrict their applicability. Therefore, there is a need to have valid and reliable instruments for the identification of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing. Social implications This “new questionnaire” integrates the exploration of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing, along with the measurement of personal environmental norms, environmental identity and the social influence received from peers and teachers, to provide a comprehensive picture of the consumer behavior. Originality/value This research constitutes a theoretical and practical contribution to the understanding and evaluation of ecological behavior and some of its associated factors. Its main contribution is the adaptation of this instrument to the Peruvian context and the validation of an instrument that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, personal environmental standards, environmental identity and environmental social influence.

A validation study of the Korean version of the thriving at work measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Measurement ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Thriving At Work

Purpose The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the thriving at work measurement by Porath et al. (2012). Design/methodology/approach After translating the thriving at work measurement into Korean, the researchers assessed the validity and reliability of the measurement in a Korean working context using two different samples. In Study 1, the study validated the translated measurement using Rasch’s (1960) model, exploratory factor analysis and a reliability test with a sample of 322 employees. In Study 2, the study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, a reliability test and a convergent and discriminant validity test using a sample of 187 employees. Findings Based on the analyses, this paper concluded that thriving at work has a two-factor construct and eight-item thriving at work measurement was better than the original 10-item measurement. The eight-item measurement demonstrated good discriminant and convergent validity. Originality/value This study validated the thriving at work measurement in a Korean context using Rasch’s (1960) model from the item response theory perspective.

Empirical investigation of balanced scorecard’s theoretical underpinnings

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Sigalas
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the balanced scorecard (BSC)’s theoretical underpinnings. Design/methodology/approach – This study undertakes a cross-sectional, self-administered e-mail survey to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the performance indicators of the BSC’s four perspectives using principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The results suggest that the performance indicators of each BSC’s perspective converge with the same perspective’s performance indicators and discriminate from other perspectives’ performance indicators. Research limitations/implications – Future researchers are invited to conduct conceptual-level tests of the BSC framework using the newly constructed subjective scales of the performance indicators of the BSC’s perspectives. Furthermore, scholars conducting empirical research on the field are encouraged to further investigate the BSC’s theoretical underpinnings using various research designs, multiple research methods and a combination of existing and new BSC’s performance indicators. Originality/value – This study contributes to the academic stream of management accounting and strategic management field by: empirically validating the BSC’s theoretical underpinnings that is a prerequisite for the BSC to advance from a framework to a theory and providing subjective scales for measuring the generic performance indicators of the BSC’s four perspectives that can be used in future research of the BSC framework’s hypotheses. In addition, the literature is enhanced with a newly developed perceptual measure of firm performance with attributes of the BSC’s four perspectives.

Institutional reforms, control of corruption, and diaspora entrepreneurship: insights and perspectives on America's poorest economy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudel Mombeuil ◽  
Anestis K. Fotiadis ◽  
Withz Aimable
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Haitian Diaspora ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Of Corruption

PurposeWhile diaspora entrepreneurs remain important sources of capital and innovation, many developing countries are facing serious challenges to tap into these sources because of their weak institutional settings and the endemic and systemic corruption. To this end, this study explores how institutional reforms and control of corruption can influence diaspora entrepreneurship. This study also seeks to provide perspectives on how diaspora entrepreneurs can influence institutional reforms and market policies.Design/methodology/approachTo meet these objectives, qualitative and interpretive research approaches were employed.FindingsUsing responses collected from Haitian diaspora entrepreneurs living in the USA, this paper highlights different attributes of institutional reforms and control of corruption that can influence diaspora entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsBased on these insights, this paper argues that Haitian diaspora entrepreneurs need to play a proactive role as policy entrepreneurs by supporting competent and well-intention political leaders to gain office and by joining forces with local actors to advocate for institutional reforms, market reforms and control of corruption in order to be able to exploit market opportunities. In this respect, further perspectives for diaspora entrepreneurship, limitations and consideration for future research are highlighted.Originality/valueBy collecting insights on institutional reform and diaspora entrepreneurship from diaspora entrepreneurs, this paper makes important contribution to the entrepreneurship literature.

Managers' disruptive innovation activities: the construct, measurement and validity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Sadiq ◽  
Tasweer Hussain ◽  
Afshan Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present results of a study that operationalizes the construct of disruptive innovation activities (DIA) at managerial level and to examine its validity.Design/methodology/approachA sequential mixed method approach is adopted in this study where a Likert-type scale to measure DIA is developed basing on the interviews of thirteen managers and conceptualization of disruptive innovation at manager level. Later, the scale validity and reliability are examined through quantitative data from 390 managers. The data are analyzed using IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS 21.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that managers' DIA are spread across four phases of the disruptive innovation process, i.e. initiation, introduction, evolution and convergence. Furthermore, the reliability measures, exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analysis and subsequent convergent and discriminant validity tests support the DIA scale. Nomological validity of DIA is also presented which demonstrates its predictive validity.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include research methods used in this study, such as cross-sectional design and nonprobabilistic sampling technique. Implications for future research are also provided.Originality/valueDespite highlighting the importance of managers regarding disruptive innovation outcomes, prior research lacked to provide empirical foundations to understand the phenomenon from managerial perspective. This study fills this gap in the literature by providing a measure of DIA at manager level and distinguishing it from similar constructs. The construct validity of DIA can help measure an organization's disruptive potential in terms of its key human resource. Moreover, the DIA scale can be used to substantiate the alignment of the managerial activities with the innovation roles in organizational settings and to develop more relevant incentive plans.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity and Reliability of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale in ASD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elysse B. Arnold ◽  
Jeffrey J. Wood ◽  
Jill Ehrenreich May ◽  
Anna M. Jones ◽  
Jennifer M. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

PENGEMBANGAN SKALA LOCUS OF CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
Hendryadi Hendryadi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Employee Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Two Stages

This article aims to develop a short form of the locus of control scale. The study was conducted in two stages: a study of 66 respondents as pilot testing which aims to test content validity, structure validity, and internal consistency. Study 2 was conducted on 328 respondents used to test the validity and reliability of the scale evaluated by the PLS-SEM method (such as internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity). The analysis concludes that the 8-item locus of control scales tested have adequate validity and reliability. A short form locus of control scale was developed and validated in this study, so it can be used in future research and evaluation for HR management practitioners in employee selection Keywords: locus of control, EFA, CFA, scale construction

Development and validation of financial well-being related scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Diba M.A. Abrantes-Braga ◽  
Tania Veludo-de-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Additional Income

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop valid and reliable scales for assessing a driver and two obstacles potentially related to financial well-being (FWB): financial preparedness for emergency, beliefs of credit limits as additional income and risky indebtedness behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe scales were developed from scratch across six studies, employing a two-step methodology, which encompassed both qualitative (e.g. focus group, interviews) and quantitative (i.e. online surveys) data collection. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test and validate the proposed scales.FindingsThis study provides a set of three parsimonious, self-reported behavioural measures that could be employed in conjunction with objective economic indicators to identify individuals who are financially ill prepared and potential candidates for delinquency. The three proposed scales achieved satisfactory levels of reliability and convergent and discriminant validity.Research limitations/implicationsThe resulting scales still need to be tested for predictive validity and in different consumer groups. The scales were validated in a single culture population (Brazil, a country that presents extraordinarily high credit card interest rates), and they should be tested cross-culturally in countries with different economic and credit policies.Originality/valueThe literature on FWB has traditionally employed objective financial indicators as an attempt to measure the concept of FWB and its elements. Self-reported behavioural measures of such constructs are scant to the point of being non-existent for some elements. This study is the first to offer scales for measuring the elements of financial preparedness for emergency, beliefs of credit limits as additional income and risky indebtedness behaviour.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L for aboriginal Australians: a multi-method study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago ◽  
Dandara Haag ◽  
Davi Manzini Macedo ◽  
Gail Garvey ◽  
Megan Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Torres Strait

Abstract Introduction In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments have been adopted in national population surveys to inform policy decisions that affect the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. However, Western-developed HRQoL instruments should not be assumed to capture Indigenous conceptualization of health and well-being. In our study, following recommendations for cultural adaptation, an Indigenous Reference Group indicated the EQ-5D-5L as a potentially valid instrument to measure aspects of HRQoL and endorsed further psychometric evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the construct validity and reliability of the EQ-5D-5L in an Aboriginal Australian population. Methods The EQ-5D-5L was applied in a sample of 1012 Aboriginal adults. Dimensionality was evaluated using Exploratory Graph Analysis. The Partial Credit Model was employed to evaluate item performance and adequacy of response categories. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to investigate discriminant validity regarding chronic pain, general health and experiences of discrimination. Results The EQ-5D-5L comprised two dimensions, Physiological and Psychological, and reliability was adequate. Performance at an item level was excellent and the EQ-5D-5L individual items displayed good discriminant validity. Conclusions The EQ-5D-5L is a suitable instrument to measure five specific aspects (Mobility, Self-Care, Usual activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HRQoL. A future research agenda comprises the investigation of other domains of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HRQoL and potential expansions to the instrument.

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