Development and validation of servant leadership scale in Spanish higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawaja Fawad Latif ◽  
Frederic Marimon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Higher Education

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First is the validation of a scale to measure the servant leadership of the university leaders. Second is to analyze how servant leadership affects the career satisfaction and life satisfaction of the academics.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey of 148 academics at universities located in Spain collected in May 2018, a couple of models were conducted using structural equation model techniques: a confirmatory factor analysis of second order in order to assess the leadership scale and a mediation model to assess how servant leadership impacts on the life satisfaction through career satisfaction.FindingsResults reveal that leadership is a multi-dimensional construct having dimensions namely: behaving ethically, development, emotional healing, empowerment, pioneering, relationship building and wisdom. The total effect of servant leadership on life satisfaction is null due to a competitive mediation of career satisfaction.Originality/valueResearch on servant leadership has primarily focused on business organizations through extensive search in peer-reviewed databases the authors could not find a scale to measure servant leadership behavior in higher education. Additionally, the study assesses the role of career satisfaction as mediator between servant leadership and life satisfaction. Existing research has called for further research into both career and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction research has been criticized on the grounds that it has mainly overlooked the work/organizational settings. Moreover, the authors could only find little research into life satisfaction in higher education, that too in context of students.

Self-counciousness competence as driver of innovation and environmental commitment in higher education students

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1523
Author(s):  
Marian Buil Fabregá ◽  
Núria Masferrer ◽  
Josep Patau ◽  
Albert-P. Miró Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Commitment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Management Students

Purpose The purpose of this research is to analyse the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and innovation commitment and entrepreneurial skills and environmental commitment as drivers of awareness on sustainable development of higher education students. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 1,318 business and management students out of the 3,535 students of Tecnocampus Pompeu Fabra University in Spain during the 2017-2018 academic year was selected to conduct a survey regarding their entrepreneurial skills and sustainability commitment, resulting in a total number of responses of 515. A structural equation model is proposed to contrast the hypothesis. Findings The statistical analysis showed the existence of a positive relation between the entrepreneurial skill of self-consciousness, innovation and environmental commitment to foster sustainability and sustainable development. It is one of the few studies related to the self-conciousness competence of the entrepreneurial skills which found, as a novelty, that the entrepreneurial skill of self-consciousness is the skill with the greater impact on innovation and environmental commitment. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the study are that it is based on a sample of students taking entrepreneurship courses at a specific Spanish University that is not representative of all entrepreneurs in all universities. Practical implications The research proposes including entrepreneurial skills programmes in higher education and research programmes as a way to assure commitment to innovation and environmental sustainability. Originality/value Promoting entrepreneurial skills among higher education students could act as drivers for sustainable development.

A new insight into alumni satisfaction model for Islamic higher education institutions (IHEI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1411-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rafik ◽  
Anjar Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Satisfaction Model

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore and decompose a satisfaction model using alumni’s perspective for Islamic-based higher education institutions (IHEI) with the antecedent of perceived quality and value and the consequence of loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A study was used, using 44-item, a ten-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 360 alumni from various classes started from the 1970s till 2000s. Theoretical-based, national qualification framework of Indonesian higher education and management-based considerations were involved in developing a survey. Data were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation model and decomposed into strategic management map using importance-performance matrix analysis. Findings The most important determinants of alumni satisfaction and loyalty in IHEI is the IHEI’s ability to develop career capability through enriching knowledge. Moreover, the presence of good environment and Islamic value embodiment supporting learning programs on campus is the most significant trigger for the knowledge development. Research limitations/implications The results were generated from a specific department. Additional studies are needed to test if the results are not department (institution)-specific. Practical implications This study provides strategic directions for management to improve the critical aspects of the system by providing the inputs to the extent to which the service quality delivered may contribute to end-customers’ satisfaction. Originality/value It contributes to the literature on satisfaction and service quality issues by incorporating ideological aspect, by investigating the feasible model of customer satisfaction in the perspective of alumni for IHEI.

The impact of subjective norms, eWOM and perceived brand credibility on brand equity: application to the higher education sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Charitha Harshani Perera ◽  
Rajkishore Nayak ◽  
Long Thang Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Credibility

PurposeThe growing competitive environment in which higher education institutes are immersed has caused them to strengthen their competitive position of a brand and its equity in emerging countries. However, there are several contradictions between the empirically approved determinants and the dimensions of brand equity in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural relationship between subjective norms, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), perceived brand credibility and brand equity, taking cross-culturally comparisons between Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used to collect data from a sample of 800 undergraduates of private higher education institutions in Sri Lanka and Vietnam in 2019. These data were gathered using purposive sampling and analyzed using a structural equation model. A total of 768 questionnaires were considered valid. In testing the hypothesis and structure among the variables, structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship between subjective norms, eWOM, perceived brand credibility and brand equity for the higher education institutes in emerging countries.FindingsFor the conceptual framework, the author found that this structural equation model complies with the empirical data. The structural equation model shows that subjective norms, eWOM and perceived brand credibility were significantly related to brand equity. Perceived brand credibility was found to be the mediating variable. Further, the location was found to moderate the relationship between perceived brand credibility and brand equity, highlighting that Vietnamese students are more relying on perceived brand credibility in creating brand equity than their Sri Lankan counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted at private higher education institutes in Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Future research could benefit from perceptions of undergraduates in public higher education institutes. This study discusses the implications of developing branding strategies for higher education institutions.Originality/valueThe current research contributes to the services marketing and branding literature in the higher education context. The paper presents the crucial elements in building brand equity for higher education institutes to fill the existing gaps in higher education branding literature. The findings of the current study provide strategies to improve the higher education sector.

Does servant leadership better explain work engagement, career satisfaction and adaptive performance than authentic leadership?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2075-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Kaya ◽  
Osman M. Karatepe
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Lagged

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a research model in which work engagement (WENG) mediates the effects of servant leadership (SL) and authentic leadership (AL) simultaneously on career satisfaction and adaptive performance. It also aims to test whether SL better explains WENG and the aforesaid outcomes than AL. Design/methodology/approach This paper used time-lagged data collected from hotel employees and their direct supervisors in Turkey. Structural equation modeling was implemented to assess the aforesaid linkages. Findings Among others, the indirect impact of SL on career satisfaction and adaptive performance, through WENG, is stronger than the indirect effect of AL. Practical implications Management can use AL as a base to develop and boost SL. Appraising employees’ WENG on a periodical basis would enable management to understand whether SL really contributes to the enhancement of WENG. In addition, employees can take advantage of informal learning to foster their adaptive performance. Originality/value There are calls for research to ascertain whether SL better explains outcomes than other leadership styles such as AL. Evidence about the underlying mechanism linking SL and AL to outcomes is still sparse. The extant research on SL and AL has neglected adaptive performance in frontline service jobs so far. With this stated, this paper aims to fill in these voids.

Expatriates’ willingness to adjust their symbolic leadership abroad. An analysis of how culture affects expatriates’ use of symbolic interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Linder
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symbolic Leadership ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relation between perceived cultural distances and the willingness to adjust symbolic leadership by expatriates. Further, it is asked whether this adjustment has the potential to increase their acceptance as leader by the foreign workforce. Design/methodology/approach – The research derives testable propositions from symbolic leadership theory and the theory about cultural distance and transfers them into a structural equation model in order to identify the impact of cultural distance on expatriates’ adjustment effort. Therefore, an empirical investigation among German expatriates in the Philippines was conducted. Findings – The study contributes to the understanding of symbolic leadership in several unique ways. It is found that there is a relationship between perceived cultural distance and a willingness for symbolic leadership behavior in order to reduce social sanctions caused by unappropriated symbolism. The study shows that willingness to adopt foreign symbols does not lead to an increased acceptance. Originality/value – This research implies that the willingness alone is not sufficient if the appropriate cultural knowledge and required skills do not exist. Thus, this study points to the importance of expatriates’ cultural knowledge for the success of foreign assignments.

Does trust in organization mediate the influence of servant leadership on satisfaction outcomes among flight attendants?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 3555-3573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Ilkhanizadeh ◽  
Osman M. Karatepe
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeDrawing from servant leadership (SL) and social exchange theories, our study investigates trust in organization (TIO) as a mediator of the impact of SL on job, career and life satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA time-lagged survey design was used to gather data from flight attendants in Turkey. Structural equation modeling was used as the main analytic tool to assess these relationships.FindingsThe relationships proposed in the authors’ study receive full support from the empirical data. Specifically, TIO is one of the immediate outcomes of SL that engenders job, career and life satisfaction at elevated levels. The results highlight the impacts of job and career satisfaction in the intermediate linkage between SL and life satisfaction.Practical implicationsManagement should train managerial employees to enhance the understanding of SL, which boosts flight attendants’ TIO. Management should invest in human resources through training and empowerment. This makes flight attendants perceive that management does not violate psychological contract. Such employees develop TIO that in turn engenders higher job, career and life satisfaction. It is also important to reward servant leaders when they succeed in making flight attendants develop TIO and motivating them to have higher job performance.Originality/valueLittle is known about the consequences of SL in the extant service research. More importantly, there are still calls for research about the variables (e.g. TIO) mediating the relationship between SL and employee satisfaction outcomes.

scholarly journals How do servant leadership and self-esteem at work shape family performance in China? A resource gain development perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwan Li ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yanghong Hu ◽  
Yidong Tu
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Perspective

PurposeDrawing on the resource gain development (RGD) perspective, this study is aimed to examine how servant leadership as an environmental resource and general self-esteem as a personal resource influence employees' family performance through work-to-family facilitation (WFF) and explore the moderating effects of gender and Chinese traditionality on the relationship between servant leadership and WFF.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave data were collected from 369 employees in China. The structural equation model and path analysis were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results confirm that WFF mediates the effects of servant leadership and employees' general self-esteem on employees' family performance. Gender and Chinese traditionality moderate the relationship between servant leadership and WFF.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing research by revealing how specific environmental resources (servant leadership) and personal resources (general self-esteem) impact employee family performance through WFF; it also identifies gender and Chinese traditionality as demand characteristics which moderate the effect of environmental resources on WFF.

Stakeholders’ perceptions of sustainable development of higher education institutions: an intellectual capital approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia de Matos Pedro ◽  
João Leitão ◽  
Helena Alves
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to identify stakeholders’ perceptions of the effects associated with different components of intellectual capital (IC) on the sustainable development (SD) practices of higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach The empirical approach uses a structural equation model to provide new empirical findings in relation to 738 students and 587 lecturers/researchers at seven Portuguese state HEIs through quantitative research. Findings The results obtained are, firstly, important contributions to the literature on the IC and SD practices of HEIs, as a relationship between these two constructs is confirmed, especially through relational capital (RC) and structural capital (SC). Secondly, the stakeholders considered show different perceptions of the influence of the components of HEIs’ IC on these institutions’ SD practices, and thirdly, perception of the economic dimension is most influenced. Practical implications The empirical findings indicate the need to provide better information about HEIs’ policies and practices of SD and how the latter contribute to the SD of the institution and its region of influence. Originality/value No previous studies investigate students and teachers/researchers’ perceptions of the social, environmental, economic and organizational dimensions of SD in HEIs and at the same time how those perceptions can be influenced by the components of IC (e.g. human capital, SC, RC) in that institution.

The relationships between brand association, trust, commitment, and satisfaction of higher education institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Association ◽  
Student Trust

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore structural relationships among the variables of brand association, student trust, commitment, and satisfaction in the higher education sector. Design/methodology/approach A survey was used to collect data from a sample of 500 students who studied at universities in Taiwan in 2016. These data were gathered using a convenience sampling method and analyzed using a structural equation model. A total of 371 questionnaires (74.2 percent) were considered valid. Due to testing and identifying the hypothesis and structure among those variables, structural equation modeling was used to determine the best model among brand association, trust, commitment, and satisfaction. Findings For the conceptual framework, the author found that this structural equation model complies with the empirical data. The structural equation model shows that brand association, student trust, and commitment were significantly related to student satisfaction. Brand association has a direct influence on student trust, commitment, and satisfaction in higher education institutions. Student trust and commitment also had a direct influence on student satisfaction, and they are all mediating variables. Originality/value The findings of the current study add to the existing literature by contributing to a better perception of university management and providing acceptable strategies to improve the higher education industry.

Consumer collecting identity and behaviors: underlying motivations and impact on life satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Spaid ◽  
Joseph Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Identity Salience ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role that collector identity salience and collecting behaviors have on life satisfaction. The authors also investigate the role that dispositional motivations play in strengthening an individual’s collector identity salience. Design/methodology/approach An online panel management system was used to recruit and compensate a diverse sample of 215 US consumer collectors. The structural model was tested with partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings A partial least squares structural equation model of data collected from a survey of US consumer collectors reveals that creative choice counter conformity and mortality legacy positively enhance collector identity salience, whereas materialism has no effect. Despite not affecting collector identity salience, materialism is found to negatively affect life satisfaction. Crucially, collector identity salience is found to positively affect collector engagement, which, in turn, enhances life satisfaction. Originality/value This research contributes to consumer behavior literature in three distinct ways. First, the authors build upon extant literature which has revealed creative choice counter conformity and mortality legacy as underlying dispositional motivations that contribute to collector identity salience. Second, while materialism has been tied to collecting behaviors via conceptual studies, the authors also examine the broader impact of materialism on an individual’s life satisfaction. Finally, the authors explore how collector identity salience and collector engagement contribute to satisfaction with life.

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