The riddle of self-centered leadership in Arab organizations: a measurement scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-459
Author(s):  
Hisham Hamid Hawass
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
International Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
The Self ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale to empirically measure the self-centered leadership SCL pattern in Arab organizations. Design/methodology/approach This paper depends on two Egyptian samples. It has conducted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analyses to generate the proposed SCL measurement scale. Findings The analyses have revealed that the new measurement scale is valid and reliable. They have also confirmed the multidimensional structure of the self-centered leadership construct. Originality/value The Arab leadership literature is in short of scales which take into consideration the specialties of the Arab cultures. Therefore, this study fills a lacuna in international research which examines Arab leadership behaviors from a culture-bound perspective.

Examining the influences of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity on consumers' perception of luxury

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujia Wang ◽  
Billy Sung ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Luxury Market ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how exclusivity and rarity (natural versus virtual) influence consumers' perceptions of luxury. Further, it examines whether exclusivity and rarity can function as distinct marketing strategies in today's luxury market environment.Design/methodology/approachOnline questionnaires were administered by adapting developed scales from prior research. Research stimuli were chosen from three luxury categories including bags, wine and cruise. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirmed that exclusivity, natural rarity and virtual rarity were perceived as relatively distinct constructs among our sample. Findings also highlighted that perceived natural rarity (PNR) has consistently emerged as a positive and significant contributor to consumers' perceptions of luxury across all three luxury categories. The influence of perceived exclusivity (PE) on perceptions of luxury has also shown to be significant for two product categories (luxury bag and luxury wine), whereas perceived virtual rarity (PVR) did not show any significant effects across all three categories.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that consumers perceive natural rarity, virtual rarity and exclusivity as relatively distinctive marketing strategies. This suggests that luxury businesses can adopt each strategy independently to achieve desired marketing outcomes.Originality/valueThis study offers theoretical support for the proposition that exclusivity and rarity may have different functions in luxury marketing implementations. It provides empirical evidence showing the distinctiveness of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity, which have not be done in previous research.

scholarly journals Self-perceived leadership behaviors of undergraduates: Scale development study Lisans öğrencilerinin liderlik davranışlarına ilişkin öz algıları: Ölçek geliştirme çalışması

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuz Özbek ◽  
Meltem Kızılyallı
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
The Self ◽  
Perceived Leadership ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Bartlett Test

The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the self-perceived leadership behaviors of Sport Sciences undergraduates. 24 undergraduate students defined the leadership concept, data collected were content analyzed, and the 53-itemed pool was reduced to 50 items preceding a review done by 3 scholars. Pilot instrument was administered to 284 Sport Sciences students. KMO (.934) and Bartlett test [4809.978; (p<0.000)] were conducted. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed 4 factors. 4 Factors in total accounts for the % 54.12 of total variance. Factors generated were named as Participative Leader, Self- confident Leader, Principled Leader and Decisive Leader. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was run and Critical N (CN) was calculated as 252.11 Adaptive values of the model was determined as X2/df (1,39); RMSEA (0.037); NFI (0.97); CFI (0.99); GFI (0.93). The results indicated the model provided a good fit to the data.The results indicated Self-perceived leadership behaviors of undergraduates scale with 4 factors and 20 items is valid and reliable.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, spor bilimleri lisans öğrencilerinin kendi liderlik davranışlarını değerlendirebilecekleri geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. 24 öğrenci liderliğin tanımını yapmış, toplanan veriler içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiş, 53 maddelik soru havuzu, alınan 3 uzman görüşü sonucu 50’ye indirilmiştir.  Ölçeğin deneme formu, spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencisi 284 kişiye uygulanmıştır. KMO (.934) ve Bartlett testi [4809.978; (p<0.000)] yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi  sonucu maddeler 4 ayrı boyutta toplanmıştır. Bu dört boyut toplam varyansın % 54.12’sini açıklamaktadır. Boyutlar, Katılımcı Lider, Kendine Güvenen Lider, İlkeli Lider ve Kararlı Lider olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucu kritik N değeri 252.11 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Modelin uygunluğuna ilişkin X2/df değeri 1,39; RMSEA değeri 0.037; NFI değeri 0.97; CFI değeri 0.99 ve GFI değeri 0.93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar modelin iyi uyum değerlerini karşıladığını göstermiştir. Dört boyut ve yirmi maddeden oluşan Lisans Öğrencilerinin Liderlik Davranışlarına İlişkin Öz Algıları Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğuna karar verilmiştir.

Seasonal employee leadership in the hospitality industry: a scale development

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2195-2215
Author(s):  
Huseyin Arasli ◽  
Levent Altinay ◽  
Hasan Evrim Arici
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the model of seasonal employee leadership (SEL) in a service management process and to create a multi-dimensional scale to gauge this construct. This is because very recent qualitative research by Arasli and Arici (2019), which is the first stage of this scale, recommended a multi-dimensional SEL model for the hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach Making use of data gathered from 1,343 seasonal hotel employees, the authors established a new scale to examine the SEL model. Two separate data sets were collected; the first set was used to perform an exploratory factor analysis, while the second set was processed to confirm the initial factor results using a confirmatory factor analysis. Findings The results show that the measurement scale developed in this research provides considerable reliability, as well as convergent and discriminant validities. In particular, the findings confirmed a four-dimensional measurement scale of the SEL: seasonal leader’s qualities, core influence, operational influence and terminal influence. Originality/value The paper is the first attempt to develop a new scale which measures the SEL approach in the hospitality literature. Therefore, this study contributes to the current literature through developing and testing the four-dimensional SEL scale and shedding light on the importance of an industry-specific leadership in managing seasonal hotel employees effectively.

Evaluating entrepreneurs’ perception of success

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Fisher ◽  
Alex Maritz ◽  
Antonio Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Attempt ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the insights of founding entrepreneurs to understand what they consider as indicators for achieving entrepreneurial success. Using this information, the construct entrepreneurial success was conceptualized and a scale developed for use in subsequent testable models. Design/methodology/approach – Through qualitative research, the concept of entrepreneurial success was explored with ten founding entrepreneurs. Themes emerged from this enquiry process which informed the development of nine indicators. The indicators were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a subsequent study, comprising 213 founding entrepreneurs. The result is an early attempt to produce a measurement scale for entrepreneurial success, as perceived by the entrepreneur. Findings – Entrepreneurs perceive entrepreneurial success as the presence of both personal and macro level variables. This research supports theorizing that suggests entrepreneurial success is a multidimensional construct best captured by more than financial and economic indicators. Research limitations/implications – This research is limited by the size of the sample, the qualitative context of the research that conceptualized the construct, and the self-report nature of the quantitative study that was used to develop the measurement scale. Practical implications – The development of a scale provides researchers with the opportunity to include entrepreneurial success, as perceived by entrepreneurs, in future testable models. Originality/value – This research responds to a call for investigation into entrepreneurial success. It is an early attempt to conceptualize a relevant construct and to develop a scale for use in empirical testing. It is distinguished by using the perceptions of successful entrepreneurs to develop the construct and to validate it.

Homesickness: a comparative study of defense and civilian employees and individual differences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naval Garg ◽  
B.K. Punia ◽  
Vanshikha Kakkar ◽  
Sarika Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Civilian Employees

Purpose Most of the studies in the field of homesickness are confined to students; this study aims to explore the feeling of homesickness among working professionals. Also, it tends to examine individual differences in the experience of homesickness across employees of different gender, ages, experience, family type, etc. The study also aspires to compare homesickness among military and civil employees. Design/methodology/approach The study explores five dimensions of homesickness, namely, missing family, missing friend, rumination about home, feeling lonely and adjustment problems. The collected data is subjected to reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Further, t-test and analysis of variance are used to explore homesickness differences across soldiers and corporate employees. Findings The study reveals that homesickness is significantly higher for employees in the male, unmarried, nuclear family, above the age of 45 years, and below the graduation category. Also, defense people experience more homesickness than civilian employees. Originality/value This study is one of the pioneer studies that compare homesickness among defense and civilian employees. Also, variables such as type of family, the experience of employees and marital status have hardly been explored in the literature of homesickness.

scholarly journals Examining the ParticipACTION brand using the brand equity pyramid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lithopoulos ◽  
Peter A. Dacin ◽  
Tanya R. Berry ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Norm O’Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The brand equity pyramid is a theory that explains how people develop loyalty and an attachment to a brand. The purpose of this study is to test whether the predictions made by the theory hold when applied to the brand of ParticipACTION, a Canadian non-profit organization that promotes active living. A secondary objective was to test whether this theory predicted intentions to be more physically active. Design/methodology/approach A research agency conducted a cross-sectional, online brand health survey on behalf of ParticipACTION. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Findings A nationally representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 1,191) completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a hypothesized five-factor brand equity framework (i.e. brand identity, brand meaning, brand responses, brand resonance and intentions). A series of structural equation models also provided support for the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Practical implications Though preliminary, the results provide a guide for understanding the branding process in the activity-promotion context. The constructs identified as being influential in this process can be targeted by activity-promotion organizations to improve brand strength. A strong organizational brand could augment activity-promotion interventions. A strong brand may also help the organization better compete against other brands promoting messages that are antithetical to their own. Originality/value This is the first study to test the brand equity pyramid using an activity-promotion brand. Results demonstrate that the brand equity pyramid may be useful in this context.

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis for a Service-Learning Outcomes Measurement Scale (S-LOMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Ka Hing Lau ◽  
Robin Stanley Snell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Outcomes Measurement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Service-learning was introduced into Hong Kong over a decade ago, yet there is a research gap about the self-perceived student learning outcomes, partly due to the lack of a reliable measurement instrument across disciplines and service-learning types. This study evaluated a recently created Service-Learning Outcomes Measurement Scale (S-LOMS) through confirmatory factor analysis with 629 students. S-LOMS measures self-perceived student learning outcomes with 56 items covering various learning outcome domains under four higher-order categories: knowledge application; personal and professional skills; civic orientation and engagement; and self-awareness. Alternative measurement models were compared, with the results indicating that although a model with 11 domains and without higher-order categories was preferred, there was also support for a model with 10 domains subsumed under the four higher-order categories. Multi-sample analyses indicated that both models were stable across gender.

scholarly journals Developing the scale of writing, speaking, listening, reading self-efficacy for learners of Turkish as a foreign language

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-693
Author(s):  
Dilek Unveren
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure Turkish reading, listening, speaking and writing self-efficacy of foreign students in Turkey. The sample group of this study consists of 412 foreign students studying in TOMER. At the first phase, four sets of items consisting of 200 items were prepared as a data collecting tool. Eliminating 90 of the items upon expert evaluations, a draft scale consisting of 110 items was applied to mentioned foreign students. The data obtained from the study were analysed by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. At the end of the study, the self-efficacy scale of Turkish reading, writing, speaking and listening skills, which consists of 94 items and targets foreigners who learn Turkish as a foreign language, was found to be a reliable and valid scale. Keywords: Self-efficacy scale, learning Turkish as a foreign language.

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110636
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document