Iran’s pension system courts catastrophe

Subject Iran’s pension funds. Significance Over the past year, officials in Tehran have publicly discussed concerns about the threat of bankruptcy to Iran’s pensions funds. Mohammad Hosseini, a member of parliament’s Budget and Planning Commission, on August 9 announced that the entire system was at serious risk of collapse. Impacts Government commitment to prop up the pension funds will widen the fiscal deficit. Rouhani’s failure to avert a pension crisis could undermine long-term support for political moderates. In case of a systemic breakdown, pensioners’ inability to pay for housing and consumer goods would have an impact across economic sectors.

Subject China's pension system. Significance The government on July 1 launched a scheme to redistribute pension funds from rich provinces with surpluses to poor ones with deficits. Pressure on the pension system is one result of rapid demographic ageing -- one of the most pressing issues facing China's government. The gap between pension contributions and benefits paid out could approach 100 billion dollars by 2020. Various reforms over the past few months aim to make pension schemes more sustainable. Impacts Private and commercial insurance, now encouraged by Beijing, will likely grow rapidly in the coming years. Insurance products and public pension funds investing in equities will contribute to the development of China's financial markets. The minimum benefits for the rural basic pension will rise, but enormous imbalances will persist between urban and rural residents. Although not currently open to foreign players, a huge market in private pensions could open in the future as the industry matures.


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Ulrich

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that the human resource (HR) focus on “talent” has dominated the profession for the past 15 to 20 years. Much of this work draws on the research from the excellent study and book called The War for Talent. In this paper, the author proposes that victory (from any war) does not come from talent alone, but from the organization. Organization is defined as capabilities, or what an organization is known for and good at, and culture, which is a key capability. When HR professionals deliver both talent and organization, they build sustainable success that leads to victory. Design/methodology/approach – This paper offers a perspective on shifting HR focus from an exclusive emphasis on talent to one on talent and organization. The author gives many examples of where great individual talent does not lead to long-term success (e.g. in most team sports, the leading scorer is on the winning team about 20 per cent of the time). Findings – Once one identifies organization as a source of long-term success, it is critical to operationalize organization into a series of conscious choices. The paper defines culture as a key capability (along with other possible capabilities of speed [agility, flexibility, responsiveness and change], innovation, collaboration, efficiency and so forth). The author identifies specific wars that HR professionals and line managers can diagnose that create the right organization. Originality/value – Many have talked about parts of organization (culture, climate, systems, process, etc.). The author offers an original way to define organization capabilities and culture.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaldoon Al-Htaybat ◽  
Larissa von Alberti-Alhtaybat

Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute an actor-network-theory (ANT) perspective of how algorithms are used and whether this reflects positively on organisational practices and related perceptions of organisation performance, by both customers and employees. Furthermore, the organisation’s view of adopting algorithms to manage their performance is explored. Design/methodology/approach The current study is a study set in this virtual space, as it seeks to use data available online from different stakeholders of the case organisation. Online “virtual space” studies have become more common over the past few years. Primary and secondary data are shared online, for instance on relevant rating websites for customers (such as TrustPilot) and employees (such as Indeed), which serve as a reflection of the organisational performance and the communication of their values. This type of study has become more prevalent, either as a study undertaken online fully (Hine, 2007) or partially (for instance Baxter et al., 2019), which provides a different perspective to traditionally carried out face-to-face interactions. Findings The current study has contributed insights from a global case organisation in the logistics sector originating in the Middle East (ME). The case organisation clearly indicates that its algorithm, in line with particular presentations and discussions on online platforms, is focussed on analysing limited factors, which are prediction of accurate delivery timeslot, preferred and precise location for delivery and speed of delivery overall. This reflects an inherent bias of the delivery industry, which the case organisation operates in, and may focus attention on delivering on those objectives, with a detrimental effect on the organisation’s broader organisational mindset. This refers to long-term values and sustainability-related objectives. Originality/value Findings will reflect on whether algorithms can be used to align a multi-national organisation to achieve its desired performance and related desirable results. This will be one of the main contributions of the current study, which engages with a multi-national organisation in the logistics sector that is based in the ME region.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Večerník

The article describes the development of Czech policy after 1989 and the controversies it caused. It first looks at the ambiguous nature of the communist welfare state and then proceeds to outline the theoretical alternatives. After early and energetic changes in the system, stagnation set in around the mid-1990s. Despite some problems, the current performance of the system is satisfactory, but its outlook in terms of long-term efficiency is unsatisfactory, as it will generate a rising debt into the future. In particular, the disadvantaged situation for families, the insufficient work motivation, and the frozen pension system are all causes for concern. The political shift to the right after 2006 ushered in reform measures and new reform plans. While reforms are necessary, their feasibility is uncertain owing to the fragility of the Czech political scene.


Significance Developments in AI over the past year have generated much excitement. However, the glare of such news often creates difficulty in allowing individuals to understand its real, and longer-term, impacts on business, government and culture at large. Impacts Rising automation will intensify debates around a guaranteed 'basic income'. Workplace automation will lead to increased specialisation in the workforce. In the long term, long-distance haulage will experience a massive increase in latent labour supply.


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-371
Author(s):  
Deryk Stec

Purpose This paper aims to examine how residues of ancient images have influenced one’s perspectives on management. Increased attention has been given to the absence of bodies within discussions of organisations; however, far less attention has been given to the interplay between organisations and images of one’s body. Design/methodology/approach By comparing the perceived benefits of studying sport (e.g. passion, embodiment and action) with the tensions that existed between athletic performances and an ancient image of the body, this paper draws attention to residuals that exist within discussions of organisations. Findings In a context where an image of the body encouraged moderation, the appropriate levels of heat, and the development of an immaterial and eternal soul, athletic performances, which were physical, extreme, focused on the body and generated excessive heat, were often problematic. These problems are then examined within the literature discussing current issues in management. Research limitations/implications Sport has the potential to facilitate one’s understanding of issues that management, consistent with ancient images of the body, has traditionally neglected (i.e. extremes, passion) and the possibilities of using embodied cognition to enhance our understandings of performance, teams and leading are discussed. Social implications As scientists become increasingly concerned about the long-term consequences of the reduced opportunities for cultural programs (sport, art, music, etc.), revisiting one’s assumptions is increasingly important, especially as athletics and philosophy once shared the same physical space. Originality/value By describing how residues from historical images of the body have influenced the thinking about organizing, this paper highlights the connection between the social and the biological and demonstrates how vestiges from the past influence contemporary discussions.


Humanomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataul Huq Pramanik

Purpose – This paper aims at examining the past as well as the current issues responsible for the most recent Arab-uprising. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical evidence based on regression and correlation together with tabular presentations suggests that the issue of Arab-uprising can be examined from both theoretical and factual evidence. Both theoretical and empirical findings testify the extremely high interrelationships existing among the determinants and co-determinants of Arab-uprising. Based on the three most fundamental pre-requisites for living a life with satisfaction based on personal honour, dignity, voice, peace, justice and equality of opportunity, the economic, political and socio-cultural components are found to be neglected in the Arab World. The constraint of data limited the scope to use systematically available and reliable independent variables, in particular, warranted by any sophisticated empirical model. Findings – The findings will have policy directions for the policy-makers/politicians to address the serious issues involving empowerments. It is argued that the ad hoc solution based on buying the dissent of the critics using handouts is not a long-term sustainable solution to the problems. The findings are also expected to create social consciousness among those who are most concerned to see the changes in the society for betterment where every citizen can stand for his honour, dignity and voice, justice and equality. Originality/value – It is expected that the general reader can understand the issues raised in this paper, internalize the ideas and create an overall environment to redirect the policy frameworks for resolving the social problems without conflict.


Significance Although it caused no deaths or serious injuries, the eruption has important economic implications for one of the country's key agricultural and salmon-farming regions. Together with recent flash floods in northern Chile, it also draws attention to the need to continue strengthening the disaster response and recovery system. Impacts Even if Calbuco quickly subsides, it will be months before the area can be completely cleaned and years before vegetation fully recovers. The cost of relief after the eruption and recent floods may increase this year's fiscal deficit. A bill to modernise ONEMI is unlikely to be a legislative priority in coming months when attention will focus on anti-corruption measures.


Subject Outlook for monetary policy in Japan. Significance The Bank of Japan (BoJ) has called for a comprehensive review of economic activity and prices at the next board meeting on September 20, the first such review since early 2013, soon after Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's election. Consumer prices have been flat for most of the past year despite the BoJ's 2% inflation goal. Economic activity has moved fitfully between growth and recession, averaging around 0.5% annually. A massive increase of the monetary base is only weakly influencing business and consumer spending. Impacts The government's latest fiscal stimulus will probably be closer to 7.5 trillion yen than the headline 28-trillion-yen figure. Helicopter money would undermine the government's efforts to achieve its goal of primary fiscal balance by 2020. The main risk of helicopter money would be hyperinflation -- a long-term risk rooted in politics.


Significance By 2025, an estimated two-thirds of African households will have discretionary income, significantly expanding the consumer pool. Growth in sub-Saharan Africa’s consumer market coincides with a regional expansion in Chinese cultural products. The simultaneous occurrence of both trends will influence long-term consumer preferences in most sub-Saharan markets, especially Nigeria and South Africa, where Chinese platforms and products are becoming established. Impacts As China expands its electronics and media presence in Africa, Chinese consumer goods will become more mainstreamed. Chinese automakers such as GAC Motors will expand their share of the Nigerian market. Through WeWallet and other Chinese fintech applications, China could become a key player in Africa’s bourgeoning e-commerce sector.


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