China-Japan relations will improve in the short term

Subject China-Japan relations. Significance Recent developments suggest that the troubled relationship between China and Japan may be improving. Both sides appear willing to establish a measure of rapprochement and restart economic cooperation. Impacts Both governments see the Trump administration's unclear and inconsistent approach to Asia as an opportunity to exercise regional leadership. If Beijing can force Pyongyang to cease behaviour that threatens Japan, this would improve its relations with Tokyo significantly. Japan's outreach to China will be more than balanced by its cooperation with the United States, India and Australia.

Significance On her return from the United States and Russia, President Dilma Rousseff's problems have not changed; indeed, most worsened during her absence. Brazil's economic outlook is bleaker, the governing political coalition weaker and the scope of the corruption scandal has widened. Impacts Congress will push back more strongly against spending cuts as the government's situation weakens. The PMDB as a whole is unlikely to follow Cunha's lead, at least in the short term. Lula's fate will have major longer-term implications for the future of the PT.


Subject Russia's new foreign policy document. Significance A new foreign policy concept presents Russia as a nation facing a range of security threats but nevertheless willing to play a global role in a multipolar, chaotic and unpredictable world. Replacing the 2013 foreign policy concept, the document also attempts to assuage fears of Russian expansionist intent. Impacts Assumptions about the United States may change rapidly under President Donald Trump. Moscow will strengthen its foothold in Syria as a bargaining chip with the West and to show its resolve not to back down under pressure. Russia will refuse to relax control over Ukraine's eastern regions. Asian policy will consist partly of courting China and partly of seeking alliances to counterbalance this. Economic cooperation with Japan will be constrained by lack of a near-term deal on territorial issues.


Significance Pragmatism will be to the forefront in the early implementation of the Phase One trade agreement between the two countries that came into effect in mid-February. At the same time, the hard line is more prominent in the Trump administration’s efforts to curtail China’s telecoms giants, Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation. Impacts The mistrust between the United States and China during the pandemic will discourage cooperation in other spheres. China’s drive to reshape the institutional architecture of global governance and to be self-sufficient in technology will continue. Despite disliking multilateralism, Trump will engage with multilateral bodies to curb China’s efforts to reshape global governance. Any US-EU trade agreement could seek to limit China exploiting additional fraying of US-EU relations caused by the pandemic.


Subject Profile of Ko Wen-je. Significance There are strong indications that Ko Wen-je, the independent mayor of Taipei, will run for election as Taiwan’s president in January 2020. Presidential hopefuls often launch their election campaigns with US trips to shore up relations with Washington, Taiwan’s key security backer; Ko will make a nine-day visit to the United States later this month. He also stated last month that he was considering forming a new political party; the single reason he would need a party of his own would be to make a run for the presidency. Impacts Ko would be a controversial and probably one-term president. Ko could have a game-changing impact in the short term but is unlikely to alter Taiwan's political landscape fundamentally in the long term. Ko would likely take a more moderate stance on China than Tsai does. Ko's outspokenness is what makes him popular, but it also makes him prone to gaffes that could ultimately undermine him.


Significance Trump's acceptance at the post-meeting press conference of Putin's assertion that Moscow did not interfere in the 2016 US presidential election caused shock in the United States as it contradicts the findings of US intelligence services. Impacts Any future US-Russia dialogue will move slowly: neither side can gain domestic political benefit from being seen to concede too much. German officials may be relieved Trump yesterday downplayed Nord Stream 2 as economic cooperation, not Russia dominating Germany. Iran will note Putin did not publicly agree to press for formal removal of its proxy militias in Syria. If Democrats win one or both houses of Congress, they will likely be more assertive over US-Russia policy.


Significance Canada has a temporary exemption, but Trump is calling for North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiations to be completed speedily. The NAFTA and tariffs issues have, therefore, become fused, raising questions about the outlook for Canada-US foreign relations. Impacts In the short term, Canadian steel companies may benefit from reduced foreign providers’ presence in the United States. Canada’s NAFTA negotiators will not respond to the Trump team’s threat to impose tariffs. Canadian businesses will begin to migrate south to take advantage of the new and more competitive US tax regime. Canada’s efforts to diversify its foreign trade and decrease US dependence will further accelerate, but still face hurdles.


Author(s):  
YUTAKA KOSAI ◽  
KENJI MATSUYAMA

Japanese official development assistance (ODA) totaled $9.13 billion in 1988, which put Japan neck and neck with the United States for the title of largest aid-donor country. In the few decades since joining the Development Assistance Committee in 1961, Japan has steadily increased its aid effort until the country is now one of the major sources of economic cooperation. This article first outlines the characteristics of Japanese ODA—such as its emphasis on loans to Asia—and then discusses the various factors that have shaped these characteristics. In recognition of the fact that yen credits are central to Japanese assistance, the significance and impact of those yen credits are then examined. Finally, some recent developments in Japanese assistance and some issues that remain to be resolved are reviewed.


Significance They joined a public statement warning the government against undermining a landmark international agreement governing the strategic Turkish Straits. The government’s condemnation of the statement as a veiled coup suggests President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s fragile alliance with the military’s ‘Eurasianist’ wing has ended, and shows his aversion to criticism as he sets out to redefine Turkey’s international commitments. Impacts The falling out with the Eurasianists will not fundamentally alter Turkey’s relations with Russia or China in the short term. The reaction may facilitate Erdogan’s efforts to improve ties with the United States under the Biden administration. Ankara’s ties with Russia would be severely tested if Erdogan were eventually to pull Turkey out of the Montreux convention.


Significance In the short term, it strengthened the party chairman and Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas. Abbas prevented his major rival, Mohammad Dahlan, and his supporters from attending. He was unanimously re-elected, and at least 16 of the 18 seats on the Central Committee also went to Abbas loyalists. Despite expectations, there were no efforts to bring in new blood or name a deputy to succeed the 81-year-old Abbas. Impacts Reactions to an incoming Trump administration in the United States could undermine the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. If the US Embassy relocates to Jerusalem, the Palestinian reaction will be violent. While the situation remains frozen, both Hamas and Fatah will lose further popular support. Competition among potential successors to Abbas will intensify.


Significance Previously, the United States, like the rest of the international community, had held that the question of Jerusalem's status was an issue for final-status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. After taking East Jerusalem in the 1967 war, Israel declared the whole city as its “indivisible” capital; however, its settlements there are not recognised under international law. Impacts A two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian issue will become even more unlikely. Trump's high-profile gesture will shore up the domestic position of the Israeli premier. Fears of Palestinian violence could put short-term pressure on Israel’s currency and stock market. Trump will cement his appeal to core supporters (further helped by the anger of ideological opponents).


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