Past trend shrinks hope for major fall in inequality

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Political Contention ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
Past Trend

Subject Redistributive policies and inequality. Significance Inequality has emerged as an issue of political contention in several advanced and emerging economies, intensifying debates on redistributive policies ranging from taxation of technology firms in Europe to land reform in South Africa. Impacts Institutional resilience is more important to the survival of democratic rule than conflict over redistribution. Redistributive policies have some positive impact on reducing inequality. Countries with proportional representation voting systems appear more likely to elect centre-left parties that redistribute.

Inorganic growth of technology sector firms in emerging markets

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Das ◽  
Sheeba Kapil
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Serial Acquirer

Purpose – Emerging economies and technology firms in these economies have witnessed significant increase in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical research on Indian technology firms and analyze the influence of firm-specific factors on firms’ M&A decisions. Design/methodology/approach – A set of 372 Indian firms in the technology sector have been studied for the period 2001-2011, a decade when this sector has seen maximum number of M&A transactions. Findings – The results show that financially strong, low-debt firms with high market capitalization are the typical acquirers in this segment and they tend to be serial acquirer too. Originality/value – Contrary to established findings in developed economies, the authors find that Indian technology firms’ acquisition decisions are not associated with their R&D activities, opening up scope for investigations on role of technology assets in emerging market firms’ acquisition decisions.

Tax avoidance as earning game player in emerging economies: evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahanzeb Marwat ◽  
Suresh Kumar Oad Rajput ◽  
Sarfraz Ahmed Dakhan ◽  
Sonia Kumari ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe current study aims to achieve two targets. First, examine empirically that whether corporate managers use tax avoidance to influence short-term profitability? Second, investigate the impact of tax avoidance on the value of firms. The tax accounts provide the opportunity to influence temporary/permanent profitability but empirical studies overlooking this matter, particularly in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors identified unexpected fluctuations of tax avoidance and then examine whether it impacts the profitability signal and firms' value? The unbalanced panel data of 189 non-financial firms for the period 2000–2018 are used for empirical analysis. The estimation biases and results consistency are verified by using two different econometric models including generalized least square and two-stage least squareFindingsThe study identifies that managers manipulate the profitability signal through tax avoidance. Tax avoidance practices help in earning management and earning smoothing to avoid negative signals in the stock market. In line with the behavioral finance view, tax avoidance has a positive impact on current stock returns because investors focus on profitability without a detailed screening of cash flows.Originality/valueA limited number of studies investigate the use of tax avoidance for manipulation of the short-term earning signal. Identifying gaps and limitations in the literature, this study provides invaluable insights into tax avoidance and its association with the profitability and value of firms. The findings are important for investors, managers and policymakers in making portfolio decisions and corporate policies.

Standing on the shoulders of giantesses: how women technology founders use single and mixed gender networks for success and change

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Woodwark ◽  
Alison Wood ◽  
Karin Schnarr
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networks ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Mixed Gender

PurposeBuilding on research about entrepreneurship and social capital, the purpose of this paper is to explore how women founders of technology-based ventures in Canada access and use formal external entrepreneurial networks to build their companies.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on 25 semi-structured interviews with women founders of technology firms and leaders of formal networks.FindingsThe authors demonstrate the positive impact of women only networks (WON) for founders including increasing entrepreneurial diversity, access to financing, and founder credibility and sponsorship. The authors show how women founders use mixed gender and WON to build their businesses and conclude that membership in WON can be a vital step.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is small and most participants reside in highly urban areas, which may limit generalizability. Findings may not generalize beyond Canada due to cultural and structural differences.Practical implicationsThe research suggests that external WON should be encouraged as important resources for founder identity work which may enable positive change.Social implicationsThis research can assist in designing initiatives that support women entrepreneurs and promote gender parity.Originality/valueThe authors draw on research in women's leadership development to explain how WONs for entrepreneurs help founders create overlapping strategic networks – a unique form of social capital – and serve as identity workspaces for the identity work women founders must complete. The authors argue that the identity work in WONs can be a mechanism by which gender structures are challenged and eventually changed.

scholarly journals Corporate ethics, governance and social responsibility in MENA countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid ElGammal ◽  
Abdul-Nasser El-Kassar ◽  
Leila Canaan Messarra
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Studies show that corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are driven by ethical practices. The relationships between corporate ethics, CG and CSR have been heavily studied indicating significant associations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of CG on the relationship between ethics and CSR. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through questionnaires from small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that ethical practices have positive impact on CG, and in turn CG has a positive impact on CSR. The results also reveal a mediating effect of CG on the relationship between ethics and CSR. Research limitations/implications The sample selected is based on two countries in the MENA region, Egypt and Lebanon. Only SMEs are considered. Practical implications The innovative capabilities of SMEs in developing and emerging economies could be enhanced through corporate ethical practices which guide management for more CSR engagement through good CG. Originality/value The study contributes to corporate ethics, CG and CSR literature by providing evidence from a significant region, with both developing and emerging economies, on the mediating role of CG on the relationship between ethics and CSR.

New entrepreneurial worlds

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sola Adesola ◽  
Birgit den Outer ◽  
Sabine Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nigerian Students

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine if and how role models presented in entrepreneurship education can influence students’ entrepreneurial activity given that the lack of financial and material means render most role models unattainable. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in three stages from an entrepreneurship workshop programme held in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian and European undergraduate and graduate business students worked together to develop sustainable business ideas for the European and African market. In this exploratory paper, the emphasis for analysis is on the Nigerian students. Findings Based on the research results, the authors identified four types of role models and gained insight into how and why they could inspire students at different stages of entrepreneurship education. Research limitations/implications This research is highly contextual with an emphasis on Europe and Africa. Given the relatively small sample of the European students in this study, this paper only presents findings from the Nigerian students. In view of time and sample size constraints, it would be useful to do a longitudinal international study to compare the approaches taken by European and African higher education institutions to develop an understanding of role models in entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activity. Further study is needed to explore whether role models are the way forward to address the processes of student entrepreneurial learning in the context of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. Further work could also uncover deeper convictions, the attitudes of students with regard to race and gender, and consider implications for practice between university and industry. Practical implications The paper contributes to the development of entrepreneurship education in the context of Nigeria’s emerging economy and makes suggestions on how to stimulate entrepreneurial activity through the targeted use of role models. Social implications In view of financial, material or societal constraints to attain role models, the result of this study can be applied in other African contexts or emerging economies to develop the understanding of the relationship between role models in the industry, higher education practices and government policy. The findings of this study show that the highest impact gained is from “real-life” exchanges between students and entrepreneurs. Originality/value Traditional entrepreneurship education fails because the learner’s process of integrating and applying behaviours of entrepreneurial examples and programmes is opaque. Research on role models suggests that where they have a positive impact is where they are perceived as self-relevant and attainable. This idea is explored in the particular context of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria in West Africa, which is characterised by highly limited and fluctuating resources despite Nigeria’s relative wealth. The authors conclude with suggestions for the use of role models in entrepreneurship education, especially in the Nigerian higher education context. This paper, therefore, contributes to research on entrepreneurship role model education in emerging economies.

Validating multidimensional entrepreneurial orientation in emerging economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustav Saha ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Swarup Kumar Dutta ◽  
Preeti Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to examine the Lumpkin and Dess (1996) conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in an emerging economy, focusing on India. It ascertains the dimensions of EO that are valuable in securing superior firm performance in emerging economies, which might differ from a developed market setting. It further examines the difference in the significance of dimensions between the manufacturing and services industry. Design/methodology/approach A novel primary data set consisting of responses from 228 new ventures incorporated in India was created through an online questionnaire survey following the tailored design method principles. A disaggregated approach was adopted and the data were analyzed using multiple regression in SPSS 21. Findings Among the dimensions of EO, competitive aggressiveness positively affected new venture performance, whereas proactiveness did not show any effect. Autonomy also exhibited a positive impact, except for new venture growth in manufacturing firms. Innovativeness exhibited partial support, only for the effectiveness of service firms. Risking-taking exhibited a negative effect on performance, particularly for manufacturing firms. Practical implications The findings guide entrepreneurs and managers operating their new ventures in emerging economies by suggesting the dimensions that are most likely to benefit firm performance and those that might be detrimental. Originality/value This study empirically validates the multidimensional conceptualization of EO in India and extends previous studies, which have typically focused on an aggregated EO scale. This study’s findings attest that the manifestation of EO in emerging economies might be different compared to mature economies. The contrast between the manufacturing and service sectors is also shown.

Individual disposition and manager behaviour on employee upward voice

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriji Edakkat Subhakaran ◽  
Lata Dyaram
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

PurposeThis paper aims to model how an employee’s proactive personality and manager’s pro-voice behaviour help to predict employee upward voice. Employee perceived voice efficacy is expected to mediate these links.Design/methodology/approachTo analyse the data, a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling procedure using AMOS 22 were used. The mediating role of voice efficacy was tested with bootstrapping method. Data included 625 employees representing various technology firms in India.FindingsThe results showed a significant positive impact of employee proactive personality and manager pro-voice behaviour on employee upward voice. Further, findings suggest significant mediation of employee voice efficacy beliefs in these links.Originality/valueThe study extends employee voice literature from an Indian context, where confronting those in authority is culturally discouraged. Contributing to the scant work on voice self-efficacy, its role as a key mechanism impacting employee upward voice is examined.

Personalized cloud service review analysis based on modularized ontology

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-975
Author(s):  
Emna Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Khouloud Boukadi ◽  
Mohamed Hammami ◽  
Mohamed Hedi Karray
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
End Users ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Modular Ontology

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze cloud reviews according to the end-user context and requirements.Design/methodology/approachpropose a comprehensive knowledge base composed of interconnected Web Ontology Language, namely, modular ontology for cloud service opinion analysis (SOPA). The SOPA knowledge base will be the basis of context-aware cloud service analysis using consumers' reviews. Moreover, the authors provide a framework to evaluate cloud services based on consumers' reviews opinions.FindingsThe findings show that there is a positive impact of personalizing the cloud service analysis by considering the reviewers' contexts in the performance of the framework. The authors also proved that the SOPA-based framework outperforms the available cloud review sites in term of precision, recall and F-measure.Research limitations/implicationsLimited information has been provided in the semantic web literature about the relationships between the different domains and the details on how that can be used to evaluate cloud service through consumer reviews and latent opinions. Furthermore, existing approaches are lacking lightweight and modular mechanisms which can be utilized to effectively exploit information existing in social media.Practical implicationsThe SOPA-based framework facilitates the opinion based service evaluation through a large number of consumer's reviews and assists the end-users in analyzing services as per their requirements and their own context.Originality/valueThe SOPA ontology is capable of representing the content of a product/service as well as its related opinions, which are extracted from the customer's reviews written in a specific context. Furthermore, the SOPA-based framework facilitates the opinion based service evaluation through a large number of consumer's reviews and assists the end-users in analyzing services as per their requirements and their own context.

Farm wages and public works

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
State Level ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) on farm sector wage rate. This identification strategy rests on the assumption that all districts across India would have had similar wage trends in the absence of the program. The author argues that this assumption may not be true due to non-random allocation of districts to the program’s three phases across states and different economic growth paths of the states post the implementation of NREGS. Design/methodology/approach – To control for overall macroeconomic trends, the author allows for state-level time fixed effects to capture the differences in growth trajectories across districts due to changing economic landscape in the parent-state over time. The author also estimates the expected farm sector wage growth due to the increased public work employment provision using a theoretical model. Findings – The results, contrary to the existing studies, do not find support for a significantly positive impact of NREGS treatment on private cultivation wage rate. The theoretical model also shows that an increase in public employment work days explains very little of the total growth in cultivation wage post 2004. Originality/value – This paper looks specifically at farm sector wage growth and the possible impact of NREGS on it, accounting for state specific factors in shaping farm wages. Theoretical estimates are presented to overcome econometric limitations.

Does corporate governance affect the performance of Islamic banks? New insight into Islamic countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz Aslam ◽  
Razali Haron
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
And Performance

Purpose Corporate governance plays a significant role to overcome agency issues and develop the culture of transparency and openness. In this context, this paper aims to examine how corporate governance mechanisms affect the performance of Islamic banks (IBs). Design/methodology/approach Stepwise, two-step system generalize method of moment estimation technique is used in the analysis in which control variables are added into the model sequentially. This study used data on 129 IBs from 29 Islamic countries (Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia) during the period of 2008 to 2017. Findings The findings suggest that the audit committee (AUDC) and Shariah board (SB) have positive impact on the performance of IBs (return on assets and return on equity). However, board size and risk management committee have negative and significant effect on the performance of IBs. CEO duality and non-executive directors have mixed relationship with the performance of IBs. These results support the argument that IBs need to improve their financial performance through appropriate governance mechanism. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study added a new dimension to the governance research that could be a valuable source of knowledge for policymakers and regulators to improve the existing governance mechanism for better performance of IBs. Originality/value The study fills the gap in the literature by addressing the issue of corporate governance on performance of IBs across countries. Agency theory is discussed to explain the relationship between corporate governance mechanism and performance.

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