Continued unrest will hit Nicaragua’s financial system

Significance The political crisis that began in Nicaragua last year has sent the economy into a deep recession. A collapse in consumer and business confidence has significantly reduced demand for loans and banks have become much more cautious, shifting their focus from loan growth to preserving adequate liquidity and asset quality. Impacts The shrinking financial system will negatively impact Nicaragua’s already low levels of financial inclusion. Layoffs at financial institutions will compound the increased unemployment that the recession is producing. Remittances are likely to become more important for many low-income families. Continued political repression could see opposition strategies become more militant, weighing further on the country's economic prospects.

Subject Financial system challenges. Significance The fallout from Bolivia’s worst political crisis in decades is putting the country’s financial system to the test, as an economic slowdown puts pressure on the asset quality and profit generation of banks and non-bank financial institutions. Impacts Banks and other financial institutions will be forced to lay off workers, contributing to higher unemployment. The financial system may postpone or reduce planned investments in digital banking and financial education. The informal financing market could grow as financial institutions apply stricter lending criteria.


Subject Growing remittances to Latin America. Significance Family remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been growing strongly in a year when immigration has become a central and controversial election issue in the United States. Impacts Strong remittance growth will have a positive impact on millions of low-income families in the region. A Trump presidency could lead to reduced LAC-US migration and a tax on remittances, probably slowing growth in 2017-18. LAC migrants and their families are set to benefit further from an expected continuing fall in sending costs.


Significance The investigation into the assassination of prominent journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia has taken a dramatic turn with the interrogation of senior Maltese government officials, the arraignment of a prominent business tycoon and the prime minister’s announcement that he will resign in January. Impacts Investigation of Caruana Galizia’s murder and large-scale corruption on government contracts will continue apace with unpredictable results. State institutions’ independence and government corruption will remain in the international spotlight. Malta will continue to come under significant scrutiny in EU institutions. Investigations into lucrative government contracts signed under the Labour administration will gain momentum and others may be opened. The political crisis will prove detrimental to business confidence.


Significance This is close to the ceiling of the target band of 2.25-5.25% set for this year. In response, the Central Bank last week raised its benchmark interest rate from a record low of 2.00% to 2.75%, the first increase in six years. Impacts Prices that disproportionately affect low-income families are rising faster than overall consumer inflation, increasing inequality. A sooner-than-expected US rate hike would add pressure on Brazil further to increase its own rates. Rising interest rates would hit the economy and make it harder to bring unemployment down. Policymakers will struggle to balance fiscal and monetary policies and the interests of consumers, investors and government.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-544
Author(s):  
Gilciney Ferreira ◽  
Cecilia Queirós Mattoso

Purpose The purpose of the present research is first to assess the financial education’s effectiveness, examining how a specific communication regarding the use of money could help new consumers from low-income families avoid insolvency. The second is to analyse the impact of this corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity on a Brazilian bank’s image. Design/methodology/approach The research used a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews using three advertising films, which served as an enhanced element to prompt students to evaluate the discourse of sensible use of money and credit and the bank’s image. Findings The results showed that the students are very receptive to the ideas shown by the bank advertising films. Nevertheless, the interviewees showed a certain degree of suspicion toward the initiative and intentions of the bank. The perceived corporate image was clearly ambiguous, with the financial institution showing its advertising film about the careful use of money in complete contrast to actual bank branch practices in which employees offer and encourage young students from low-income families to get loans and credit cards. The bank became more socially responsible merely to cut costs and as a consequence did not improve its image. Practical implications For CSR in banks to be real and have a positive impact on society, the authors suggest that the bank enter into a cooperation or sponsorship agreement with the federal government or any public sector institution or non-governmental organizations. The form, the arguments and the language of the bank’s financial education campaign examined in this article seemed to be capable of serving social purposes or benefiting society. Social implications Educating consumers in the conscious use of money reduces delinquency rates and increases banks’ profits while, at the same time, benefiting society economically. The bank’s positive experience in terms of financial education could help the Brazilian government and other institutions with the same purpose. The advertising campaign provides some insights for the Brazilian government financial education program to which it has given high priority (BCB, 2015). Originality/value The article expands studies on CSR in developing countries and of attitudes toward it in the emerging middle class, two issues that have received scant attention. The study reinforces Carroll and Shabana’s view (2010) that companies are becoming more socially responsible merely to cut costs and Porter and Kramer’s call that to be really strategic the action must not appear to be mitigating the very harm it has caused.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vighneswara Swamy

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the inter-relatedness and the dynamics of banking stability measures and offers answers for some of the related issues such as does financial stability require the soundness of banking institutions, the stability of markets, the absence of turbulence and low volatility? and to what extent the soundness of banking sector in the case of emerging economies can help financial system stability. Design/methodology/approach – This study investigates banking stability by structuring a recursive micro panel vector auto regressive (VAR) model and corroborates the significance of the interrelatedness of the bank-specific variables such as liquidity, asset quality, capital adequacy and profitability by employing a robust panel data drawn from 56 leading banks for a period of 12 years. Findings – A significant contribution of this study is in establishing that liquidity in the banking-dominated financial system is reciprocally related with asset quality, capital adequacy, and profitability of the banking system and in effectively forecasting banking stability employing micro panel recursive VAR model. Research limitations/implications – The study could be further broadened by employing a macro and structural VAR modelling to forecast banking stability. Practical implications – This paper is one among the evolving body of literature that underscores the significant relationship between banking system resilience and financial stability in the context of emerging economies dominated with banking systems. Further, the forecast model is able to capture the dynamics of banking stability with greater and appreciable accuracy. Originality/value – The uniqueness of the study is in modelling banking stability measures in the context of banking-dominated emerging economy financial systems by employing micro panel recursive VAR model by deriving data from 58 leading banks for the period of 12 years from 1996 to 2009 and in offering insights in understanding financial stability with comprehensive literature review.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Rahim Atellu ◽  
Peter Muriu ◽  
Odhiambo Sule

Purpose This paper aims to establish the effect of bank regulations on financial stability in Kenya. Specifically, the study seeks to uncover the effect of micro and macro prudential regulations on financial stability and their trade-offs or complementarities. Design/methodology/approach Using annual time series data over the period 1990–2017, the study uses structural equation model (SEM) estimation technique. This solves the problem of approximating measurement errors, using both latent constructs and indicator constructs. Findings Study findings reveal that macro and micro prudential regulations are significant drivers of financial stability. Further, prudential regulations are more effective when they complement each other. Research limitations/implications This study centers on how bank regulations affect financial stability. Future research could be carried out on the effect of Non-Bank Financial Institutions regulations on financial system stability. Practical implications Complementing macro and micro prudential regulation is more effective and efficient in ensuring stability of the financial system other than letting the two policy objectives operate independently. Social implications Regulatory authorities should introduce prudential regulations that would encourage innovations in the banking sector. This ensures easy deposit mobilization that enhances financial inclusion. Prudential regulations that ensure financial stability will be effective when low income earners are included in the financial system. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the role of banking regulations on financial stability. This study is also pioneering in the use of SEM estimation technique, in examining how prudential regulations affect financial stability. Previous cross-country studies have focused on macro prudential regulations ignoring the importance of micro prudential regulations.


Subject Outlook for the banking sector. Significance President Rafael Correa has said that the April 16 earthquake is estimated to cost Ecuador some 3 billion dollars, or 3% of GDP. The tremors struck at a time when the economy is moving into deep recession and the banking sector is struggling with falling business activity and profitability, as well as rising bad loans. Impacts The recent earthquake could push Ecuador into a deeper recession than initially expected. Recession and higher unemployment will force private banks to focus on financial health instead of loan growth and profitability. Banks' conservative lending stance could, in turn, prolong the recession by limiting credit access.


Subject India's new healthcare scheme. Significance India’s budget for fiscal year 2018/19 (April-March) included the announcement of a National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS), dubbed ‘Modicare’. This will provide around 100 million low-income families with medical insurance of up to 500,000 rupees (7,700 dollars) per year in secondary and tertiary healthcare costs. Insurance penetration in India currently is only half of the world average, and the country lacks medical clinics for primary healthcare. Impacts Despite India’s low levels of healthcare spending, the country’s medical tourism sector is likely to grow. Spending on the NHPS may force the government to revise its 2018/19 fiscal deficit target of 3.3% of GDP. Any signs of stymied implementation may harm Modi’s chances of re-election in 2019.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Emily Walsh

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the extent to which the government’s recent proposals to end no-fault evictions will result in “family-friendly” tenancies. Design/methodology/approach It applies the theoretical scholarship on the meaning of family and home to the current law relating to private rented tenancies and the government’s proposals to increase security of tenure in the private rented sector. Findings Security of tenure is important to a number of the key aspects of home. However, feelings of home are better protected by security of occupancy, which requires more than de jure security of tenure. For families to feel at home in the private rented sector, they must be permitted to personalise their home and to keep pets. Further legislative changes could achieve these changes. However, for families to really make a home in the private rented sector, they need to exercise some choice over where they live and for low-income families; this will only be possible with broader policy changes. Originality/value This paper contributes to the important scholarship on the meaning of home and applies this to the very current debate on the rights of tenants in the private rented sector.


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