CSR in Education on Business Confidence: Mediation Effect of Corporate Reputation in the Peruvian Banking Sector

This paper analyzes the direct influence of CSR educational actions on business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). A mediating effect through corporate reputation is also analyzed. To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we have sent a survey to 1745 executive officers of the branches of the banks. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been tested that educational CSR actions in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, this relationship is partially mediated by the effect of CSR educational actions on corporate reputation.

DEPENDENCE OF COMPETITIVENESS ON THE LEVEL OF BUSINESS CONFIDENCE OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article deals with the issue of ensuring the competitiveness of construction contractors depending on the level of business confidence, which is esteemed as the amount paid on schedule construction contracts. To improve the competitiveness of enterprises the authors propose indicators to identify the existing potential for efficiency enhancement and ensuring competitiveness depending on the level of business confidence of the enterprise. Indicators of competitiveness of construction companies are determined by fuzzy sets, including pricing policy, the efficiency of fixed assets and the level of diversification. The main direct and indirect factors of competitiveness of the contracting enterprise are outlined.

Italy’s elections threaten the cohesion of the right

Significance The results have destabilised relations within the alliance involving the League, Brothers of Italy (FdI) and Forza Italia (FI), and increased speculation that FI may ally with moderate parties instead. The election results reflect the popularity of Prime Minister Mario Draghi’s government of national unity. Impacts The stability of Draghi’s government may boost Italy’s chances of influencing reforms to the EU’s fiscal policy framework. The election result reflects the wider recovery in business confidence already evidenced in Italy. Based on polling trends, Giorgia Meloni’s FdI is in a strong position to be the leading populist party after the next election. Meloni’s rise could increase tensions between FdI and the League, as the latter is accustomed to being the dominant party in the polls.

Business confidence as a strong tracker of future growth: is it driven by economic policy uncertainty and oil price shocks in the OECD countries?

Business confidence matters for future growth as it relies on opinion surveys of developments in production activities, orders and stocks of finished products. Is it then affected by economic policy uncertainty and oil price asymmetries in the OECD countries? With limited evidence in the literature, we adopt the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator following the evidence of cross-sectional dependence, non-stationarity and cointegration in the panel series. The full sample results show that business confidence is negatively affected by economic policy uncertainty and oil price. Moreover, the role of asymmetries cannot be neglected as both positive and negative oil price changes show different impacts on business confidence. The sub-sample results further reveal that the impacts of economic policy uncertainty and oil price on business confidence are higher in the Eurozone countries than in their non-Eurozone counterparts. We believe this is due to the central economic coordination and higher net-oil dependence and import status of the Eurozone countries.

FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT MAHASISWA BERWIRAUSAHA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 ( Studi Kasus : Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Medan )

The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors dominantly influence student interest in entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Benefits of the study, to determine the dominant factors influencing student interest in entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. The population is all students majoring in management who have taken entrepreneurship courses while the sample size is 125 students, data collection methods are through questionnaires, documentation and interviews, data analysis methods with factor analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents based on the education level of the dominant parents were high school, the occupation of the parents was dominant farmers and the income of the parents was more dominant 3.1 million - 4 million. Based on 25 (twenty five) factors, it turns out that all factors can be grouped into 8 (eight) which are the dominant factors, namely: The first factor consists of: Parents' work, Able to find opportunities, Has access to capital, Encouragement from parents, Ability to see opportunities and Entrepreneurial field practice, Second Factor consists of: Able to do business alone, Able to plan activities, Able to create opportunities, Maintain prestige, Have an entrepreneurial mentality and be able to determine business direction, Third Factor consists of: Parents' mindset, Parents' education and your encouragement, the fourth factor consists of: very high profits, the fifth factor consists of: leadership skills, able to see the future and self-confidence, the sixth factor consists of: independent effort and unyielding attitude, the seventh factor consists of: business confidence developing and self-confidence and Factor Eight consists of: Income prospect n High and Income cannot be measured. Based on the results of the study, it is better to increase environmental factors regarding sibling encouragement, because siblings are the closest environment to influence, so it is effective to increase interest in entrepreneurship and parents' mindsets, emotionally affect someone so that, if the parents have an entrepreneurial spirit embedded in them. it will affect their children. Entrepreneurship courses that have been applied in the curriculum should be applied to the concepts of more applicable theories. With the application of entrepreneurship that students learn, they will be encouraged to become job creators, not job seekers.

The Causal Nexus of Consumer and Business Confidence Indexes in Early Pandemic Period: Evidence from OECD Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown dire consequences for the global economy, not only in the past and present but also in the future. These consequences are not only humanitarian but also financial and economic. This article raises the question of whether the state of the health system is a factor that determines the direction of changes in consumer and business sentiment during the COVID-19 or whether other factors are more significant. The goal is to find out whether there is real progress in the national health system of a particular country or a regression and on this base to answer the question: What is more important for the expectations of the population and industry during the spread of the pandemic; the dynamics of the development of the health system or other factors? To assess the dynamics of the development of the health care system in different countries, we used the annual data on individual health indicators of the OECD countries for 2006–2019. There were identified countries with dynamic development and a slowing/deteriorating health system. Based on Granger’s approach in EViews, we used the Augmented Dickey–Fuller test and admit that health care systems are not a determining factor in consumer and business sentiment during a pandemic, i.e., only economic factors. The research contributes to the developed COVID-19 research by examining the impact of the changes in the mutual influence of Confidence indexes and macro indicators during the pandemic.