Enforcing offshore fishing rules will benefit Somalia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

Subject Somalia’s fishery potential. Significance Somalia has a long coastline and seas abundant in much-sought-after tuna and other species, opening up a new economic portal for a country recovering from civil war. Its waters were recently inaccessible because of the prevalence of piracy, resulting in an untapped fishery market whose seas are becoming more secure for local and international vessels. Impacts Chinese deep-sea fishing off Somalia could pave the way for other nations to follow suit, helping Somalia return to the world stage. China will have a stronger interest in preventing any return to Indian Ocean piracy. If Chinese fishermen are seen to be flouting regulations, local tensions will rise and there could be retaliatory violence. Since Somali per capita fish consumption is relatively low, the fisheries market will be export-oriented.

Poverty and malnutrition in Africa: a conceptual analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye ◽  
Abiodun Omowonuola Adebayo-Oyetoro ◽  
Hussaina Kehinde Tiamiyu
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Estimate ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Way

Purpose This paper aims to examine the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, implications and the way out. Design/methodology/approach Several literatures were reviewed on the causes, modes, implications and solutions to the contemporary challenges of poverty and malnutrition in Africa. Findings Poverty and malnutrition are two sides of a coin that are ravaging the African continent. These were as a result of underdevelopment, maladministration and lack of focus and vision by the generations of leaders saddled with administration in different African countries. Poverty in Africa embraces lack of basic human needs faced by people in African society. Many African nations are very poor, and their income per capita or gross domestic product per capita fall toward the bottom of list of nations of the world, despite a wealth of natural resources. In 2009, according to United Nations (UN), 22 of 24 nations identified as having “Low Human Development” on the UN’s Human Development Index were in sub-Saharan Africa and 34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 233 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry/undernourished in 2014-2016 (its most recent estimate). In total, 795 million people were hungry worldwide. According to the World Bank, sub-Saharan Africa was the area with the second largest number of hungry people, as Asia had 512 million, mainly due to the much larger population of Asia when compared to sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank also reported in 2012 that sub-Saharan Africa Poverty and Equity Data was 501 million people, or 47 per cent Poverty has also been reported as the principal cause of hunger in Africa and the principal causes of poverty have been found to be harmful economic systems, conflict, environmental factors such as drought and climate change and population growth. Originality/value This study examined the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, the implications and the way out.

scholarly journals Pararhodobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
Xiupian Liu ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Shuchen Xie ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deep Sea Water ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Indian Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain CIC4N-9T, which was isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0–9% and at temperatures of 4–41 °C. The isolate was able to degrade gelatin but not aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CIC4N-9T belonged to the genus Pararhodobacter , with the highest sequence similarity to the only recognized species, Pararhodobacter aggregans D1-19T (96.9 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CIC4N-9T and P. aggregans D1-19T were 80.4 and 23.0 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl, C18 : 0 and C17 : 0. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 66.8 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, four unknown aminolipids and one unknown polar lipid were present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain CIC4N-9T represents a novel species within the genus Pararhodobacter , for which the name Pararhodobacter marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CIC4N-9T (=MCCC 1A01225T=KCTC 52336T).

Sulfurovum indicum sp. nov., a novel hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in the Northwestern Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobin Xie ◽  
Shasha Wang ◽  
Dengfeng Li ◽  
Zongze Shao ◽  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

A novel mesophilic, hydrogen-, and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain ST-419T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent plume on the Carlsberg Ridge of the Northwestern Indian Ocean. The isolate was a Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and coccoid to oval-shaped bacterium. Growth was observed at 4–50 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.0–8.6 (optimum pH 6.0) and 1.0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). ST-419T could grow chemlithoautotrophically with molecular hydrogen, sulfide, elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as energy sources. Molecular oxygen, nitrate and elemental sulfur could be used as electron acceptors. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6 and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that ST-419T represented a member of genus Sulfurovum and was most closely related to Sulfurovum riftiae 1812ET, with 97.6 % sequence similarity. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between ST-419T and S. riftiae 1812ET were 74.6 and 19.6 %, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that ST-419T represents a novel species within the genus Sulfurovum , for which the name Sulfurovum indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ST-419T (=MCCC 1A17954T=KCTC 25164T).

Erdogan prepares to intervene in Libyan civil war

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Way

Significance The deployment of Turkish troops to protect the Tripoli-based Government of National Accord (GNA) and intervene in Libya’s civil war looks increasingly likely. GNA Prime Minister Fayez Serraj met Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Istanbul on December 15. Serraj and the Turkish authorities have created a detailed legal and institutional framework for partnership affecting not just Libya but also Turkey’s disputes with its neighbours over rights in the Eastern Mediterranean. Impacts A new round of EU sanctions on Libya could be on the way. United Arab Emirates and Egyptian support for Haftar will probably grow. A swift military resolution in Libya is unlikely, with Turkey preferring to deploy air power, including drones.

scholarly journals Fulvimarina manganoxydans sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in the south-west Indian Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2920-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Ren ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
Shiyao Xu ◽  
Lijun Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
South West Indian Ocean ◽  
South West ◽  
West Indian Ocean

An aerobic, Mn(II)-oxidizing, Gram-negative bacterium, strain 8047T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent plume in the south-west Indian Ocean. The strain was rod-shaped and motile with a terminal flagellum, and formed yellowish colonies. It produced catalase and oxidase, hydrolysed gelatin and reduced nitrate. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 8047T belonged to the order Rhizobiales of the class Alphaproteobacteria , and was phylogenetically most closely related to the genus Fulvimarina , sharing 94.4 % sequence identity with the type strain of the type species. The taxonomic affiliation of strain 8047T was supported by phylogenetic analysis of four additional housekeeping genes, gyrB, recA, rpoC and rpoB. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone of strain 8047T was Q-10, the major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c and the DNA G+C content was 61.7 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics determined in this study, strain 8047T represents a novel species within the genus Fulvimarina , for which the name Fulvimarina manganoxydans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 8047T ( = CGMCC1.10972T = JCM 18890T).

scholarly journals Hindu-Buddha: Cara Masyarakat Nusantara dalam Berspiritual Sebelum Datang Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Domidoyo Marthinus
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Way

Nusantara adalah suatu wilayah kepulauan yang berada di antara dua benua, Asia dan Australia, sebagai benua yang berada dalam dua samudera raya yang di kenal sebagai samudera India dan samudera Pasifik. Kepulauan ini memotong ekuator dari 95 derajat sampai 141 derajat bujur timur. Penduduk pulau ini menarik perhatian berbagai masyarakat dari penjuru dunia, karena tanah subur dengan  limpahan rempah-rempah dan corak masyarakat yang akomodatif dengankecenderunganfriendly dengan kehadiran tamu. Hal ini memicu para pedagang untuk berniaga dan sekaligus bersyiar atau berdakwah. Orang India yang beragama Hindu dan Buddha menjadi orang pertama yang berlabuh untuk berdagang dan sekaligus memperkenalkanagama yang di anut. Hal ini menjadikan identitas sangat bagus untuk diperbincangkan. Sebagai pendatang dantamu di Nusantara, orang-orang India membawa segala identitas termasuk budaya dan agama. Paper ini menjelaskan cara agama dari India hidup dan besar di tengah masyarakat.[The Nusantara is an archipelago located between two continents, Asia and Australia, as a continent located in two major oceans known as the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. These islands intersect the equator from 95 degrees to 141 degrees east longitude. The inhabitants of the island attract the attention of various people from all over the world because the land is fertile with an abundance of spices and an accommodating community style with a friendly inclination to the presence of guests. It triggered the traders to trade and simultaneously spread or preach. Indians who were Hindus and Buddhists were the first to anchor to trade and at the same time introduce the religion adherence embraced. It makes identity important to talk about. As guests and guests in the archipelago, Indians carry all identities, including culture and religion. This paper explains the way religions from India live and grow in society.]

scholarly journals Acuticoccus sediminis sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean and proposal of Acuticoccaceae fam. nov

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
Xiupian Liu ◽  
Fenqing Sun ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Indian Ocean

A Gram-staining negative, aerobic, oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain PTG4-2T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean. Growth was observed with 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth with 3 %, at pH 6.0–10.0 with an optimum of pH 7.0, and at 4–40 °C with an optimum of 30 °C. Positive for catalase and oxidase. The results of a 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that PTG4-2T was most closely related to Acuticoccus yangtzensis JL1095T (97.3 %), followed by Acuticoccus kandeliae J103T (96.5 %), all other species shared <93 % sequence similarity. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that PTG4-2T forms a distinct lineage within the genus Acuticoccus , and revealed that the genus Acuticoccus forms a novel family-level clade in the order Rhizobiales . The ANI and the DNA–DNA hybridization estimate values between PTG4-2T and two type strains (A. yangtzensis JL1095T and A. kandeliae J103T) were 79.9–76.2 % and 23.1–20.8 %, respectively. PTG4-2T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone. The principal fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 8 [C18 : 1 ω7c/ω6c (72.2 %)], C18 : 0 (8.4 %), C20 : 1 ω7c (6.4 %) and C16 : 0 (6.3 %). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of PTG4-2T is 69.2 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, PTG4-2T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Acuticoccus , for which the name Acuticoccus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PTG4-2T (=MCCC 1A01274T=KCTC 52323T). In addition, a novel family, Acuticoccaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Acuticoccus .

Mexico's booming beer sector still has room for growth

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Duopolistic Market ◽  
Market Consolidation ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Subject Mexico is the largest beer exporter in the world and business is booming. Significance Following market consolidation in recent years, Mexico's beer market is dominated by global giants Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI) and Heineken. The country remains very attractive for these two companies, both because of the potential for domestic per capita consumption to rise and to diversify to different types of beer, and because of the country's position as the leading provider to the lucrative US market. However, the duopolistic market structure makes entry into Mexico very tough for potential challengers. Impacts In terms of production and consumption, Mexico is likely to become a larger player in the global beer sector in the coming years. The growth of the beer sector in Mexico's economy will help to sustain employment levels, given the number of indirect jobs it creates. The sector's increasing importance and visibility will attract attention from organised crime, requiring higher security expenditure.

Syrian civil war heads for escalation

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Clinton Presidency ◽  
The Way

Significance A recent upsurge in fighting has undermined the Geneva talks which the truce was supposed to facilitate. The collapse of the talks and truce could pave the way to a regime offensive on the rebels' most important stronghold, Aleppo. Impacts Clinton presidency might be more willing to provide covert military backing to moderate rebels and take a harder line on Assad's removal. A major offensive on Aleppo would cause large new refugee flows towards the Turkish border. Pro-regime forces lack manpower to defeat the rebellion definitively, but can weaken it seriously.

Female candidates eye Guatemala’s presidency

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The Way

Significance Three female candidates lead the polls at this point. However, all three face legal challenges to their candidacies, raising the prospect that some may be barred before June. With corruption set to be the key electoral issue, all presidential hopefuls will strive to present themselves as the cleanest candidate as campaigning kicks off in earnest. Impacts The election of an anti-corruption candidate could pave the way for the CICIG’s mandate to be reinstated. A new president would enable a reset of relations with Washington, which is becoming increasingly critical of the Morales administration. The new administration could halt controversial proposed legal changes to allow amnesties for civil war human rights abusers.

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