COVID-19 will hit northern Central America hard

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
External Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Aid ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
Prison Overcrowding ◽  
Western European

Subject COVID-19. Significance COVID-19 case numbers in Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras remain low by western European and US standards but are probably underestimated. All three countries’ governments implemented nationwide curfews at an early stage in the pandemic, ordering the closure of non-essential businesses. However, factors such as poverty, prison overcrowding and the continuation of US deportations perpetuate contagion risks, threatening the region’s fragile healthcare systems. Impacts Mobility restrictions will reduce gangs’ capacity to extort, pushing them towards other crimes such as robbery and drug sales. Escalating poverty will prompt fresh outbreaks of violence and popular unrest once the lockdowns come to an end. External support for both fiscal accounts and balances of payments will be key to overcoming the crisis. Corruption opportunities will increase as governments enact fiscal measures to address the crisis and countries receive multilateral aid.

Drought to exacerbate Central America social problems

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Central America ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
The Social

Subject Drought in Central America. Significance Intensifying drought in the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras has had a devastating effect on crop production and food stocks, exacerbating the social challenges facing communities and authorities. Impacts NGOs will increasingly cooperate regionwide to deal with drought. Already strained agricultural sectors will be particularly vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes. Increased migration to cities from affected areas will exacerbate urban gang activity. Migration within Central America will increasingly focus Costa Rican attention on the issue.

Remittances to grow in Mexico and Central America

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Central American ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us

Subject With the dollar strengthening against many local currencies, remittances are on the rise. Significance The strengthening of the dollar has seen remittance figures in Mexico and Central America rise recently. While the weight of remittances varies greatly across Latin America, Mexico is by far the most important recipient in the region. However, the weight of remittance transfers in the Mexican economy only has a significant impact in certain areas, while in several Central American countries, notably El Salvador, they are vital to overall private consumption. Impacts As the US economy gathers strength, remittances should continue to grow, albeit at single-digit rates. While the economic relevance of remittances should decline in Mexico, it will continue increasing in Central America. Governments are faced with the challenge of redirecting the use of remittances from spending to investment.

Central America security improvements will not last

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Street Violence

Significance Quarantine measures imposed across Central America’s Northern Triangle (Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) come amid falling trends in violent crime, and speculation that restrictions on movement may have further stifled violence by keeping people off the streets. Evidence on that looks conflicting, but whatever the short-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, it seems certain to foster increased criminality in the longer term. Impacts Quarantine measures may have helped keep street violence down but domestic violence is likely to have worsened. The economic downturn will increase demand for illegal people-smuggling networks once borders reopen. A rebound in violent crime after lockdown measures ease will dampen hopes of foreign investment in the affected countries. US assistance may rely on governments’ continued acceptance of damaging migration policies.

Health improvements will be slow in Central America

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Content Type

Subject Challenges in improving public healthcare in Central America. Significance Public healthcare spending has increased in Central America over the last two decades. However, advances towards universal coverage have been uneven, with major differences between El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala. While reforms have resulted in better services and more effective regulation of the private sector in El Salvador, Guatemalan health services have improved little and health indicators are comparatively poor. Impacts Salvadoran public debt may rise significantly as Sanchez Ceren attempts to sustain health spending. The pace of improvements in Guatemala will continue to lag behind those in Nicaragua and El Salvador. FSLN complacency may hinder public healthcare advancement in Nicaragua.

Quality of life in breast cancer sufferers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Essmat Shouman ◽  
Nahla Fawzy Abou El Ezz ◽  
Nivine Gado ◽  
Amal Mahmoud Ibrahim Goda
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure health-related quality of life (QOL) among patients with early stage cancer breast under curative treatment at department of oncology and nuclear medicine at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Identify factors affecting QOL among these patients. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study measured QOL among early stage female breast cancer (BC) patients and determined the main factors affecting their QOL. Three interviewer administered questionnaires were used. Findings – The physical domain mostly affected in BC patients and the functional domain least. Socio-demographic factors that significantly affected BC patients QOL scores were patient age, education, having children and family income. Specific patient characteristics include caregiver presence – a factor that affected different QOL scores. Age at diagnosis, affection in the side of the predominant hand, post-operative chemotherapy and difficulty in obtaining the medication were the disease-related factors that affected QOL scores. Originality/value – The final model predicting QOL for early stage female BC patients included age, education and difficulty in obtaining the medication as determinants for total QOL score. Carer presence was the specific patient characteristic that affected different QOL scores.

Archeology and Volcanism in Central America: The Zapotitan Valley of El Salvador.

Man ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
John E. Clark ◽  
Payson D. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America

Antecedents of growth-oriented entrepreneurship before and during the Greek economic crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Giotopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Kontolaimou ◽  
Aggelos Tsakanikas
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore potential drivers of high-growth intentions of early-stage entrepreneurs in Greece before and after the onset of the financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors use individual-level data retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor annual surveys (2003-2015). Findings The results show that high-growth intentions of Greek entrepreneurs are driven by different factors in the crisis compared to the non-crisis period. Male entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs with significant work experience seem to be more likely to be engaged in growth-oriented new ventures during the crisis period. The same appears to hold for entrepreneurs who are motivated by an opportunity and also perceive future business opportunities in adverse economic conditions. On the other hand, the educational level and the social contacts of founders with other entrepreneurs are found to drive ambitious Greek entrepreneurship in the years before the crisis, while they were insignificant after the crisis outbreak. Originality/value Based on the concept of ambitious entrepreneurship, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial high-growth expectations in the Greek context emphasizing the crisis period in comparison to the pre-crisis years.

The United States and the Rise of General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Grieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
American Politics ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Central American ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Military

The militarycoup d'étatwhich installed General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez as President of El Salvador during December 1931 created a crisis involving the 1923 Washington Treaties. By the terms of these accords, the Central American nadons had pledged to withhold recognition from governments seizing power through force in any of the isthmian republics. Although not a signatory of the treaty, the United States based its recognition policy on this principle. Through this means the State Department had attempted to impose some stability in Central America, by discouraging revolts. With the co-operation of the isthmian governments, United States diplomats endeavored to bring pressure to bear on the leaders of any uprising, to deny them the fruits of their victory, and thus reduce the constant series ofcoupsandcounter-coupsthat normally characterized Central American politics.

Challenges faced by youth social entrepreneurs in Malaysia: career transition to become a social entrepreneur

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Raihan Che Nawi ◽  
Mohd Mursyid Arshad ◽  
Steven Eric Krauss ◽  
Ismi Arif Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Voice Recorder

Purpose The practice of social entrepreneurship has grown rapidly around the world, including in Malaysia where it is still considered to be at an early stage. Nevertheless, little is known about the career transition among youth who choose careers as social entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges faced by youth social entrepreneurs who run social enterprises in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach to collect and analyse data to answer the research questions. Seven youth social entrepreneurs were interviewed until data saturation was met. An interview guide was created for the purposes of conducting the interviews. The interviews were recorded using a voice recorder. Data were transcribed verbatim and grouped in order to identify the codings, categories and themes. Findings The findings show the career transition to become a social entrepreneur, as well as the major challenges that youth social entrepreneurs face, which include acclimatising to the life and career of a social entrepreneur and not getting support from family. Practical implications The study findings are also significant for presenting valuable data on the experience of the developing social entrepreneur. The qualitative nature of the study provides valuable experiential insight into the lives and struggles of young social entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The findings will allow local authorities and social entrepreneurship regulatory agencies to design initiatives and plan actions intended to overcome the challenges. Originality/value This study makes an original contribution by showing that the process of career development as a social entrepreneur has given meaning to the informants. Despite presenting many challenges, social entrepreneurship has reinforced the role of youth social entrepreneurs, especially in relation to social responsibility.

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