Bitmap generation from computer-aided design for potential layer-quality evaluation in electron beam additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
Hay Wong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose Electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) technique used by many industrial sectors. In EBAM process monitoring, data analysis is focused on information extraction directly from the raw data collected in-process, i.e. thermal/optical/electronic images, and the comparison between the collected data and the computed tomography/microscopy images generated after the EBAM process. This paper aims to postulate that a stack of bitmaps could be generated from the computer-aided design (CAD) at a range of Z heights and user-defined region of interest during file preparation of the EBAM process, and serve as a reference image set. Design/methodology/approach Comparison between that and the workpiece images collected during the EBAM process could then be used for quality assessment purposes. In spite of the extensive literature on CAD slicing and contour generation for AM process preparation, the method of bitmap generation from the CAD model at different field of views (FOVs) has not been disseminated in detail. This article presents a piece of custom CAD-bitmap generation software and an experiment demonstrating the application of the software alongside an electronic imaging system prototype. Findings Results show that the software is capable of generating binary bitmaps with user-defined Z heights, image dimensions and image FOVs from the CAD model; and can generate reference bitmaps to work with workpiece electronic images for potential pixel-to-pixel image comparison. Originality/value It is envisaged that this CAD-bitmap image generation ability opens up new opportunities in quality assessment for the in-process monitoring of the EBAM process.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals An interactive product customization framework for freeform shapes

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbo Zhang ◽  
Tsz Ho Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Design System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish new computer-aided-design (CAD) framework to design custom product that is fabricated additive manufacturing (AM), which can produce complex three-dimensional (3D) object without additional tool or fixture. Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) objects with complex shapes without additional tools and refixturing. However, it is difficult for user to use traditional computer-aided design tools to design custom products. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors presented a design system to help user design custom 3D printable products based on some reference freeform shapes. The user can define and edit styling curves on the reference model using the interactive geometric operations for styling curve. Incorporating with the reference models, these curves can be converted into 3D printable models through the fabrication interface. Findings The authors tested their system with four design applications including a hollow patterned bicycle helmet, a T-rex with skin frame structure, a face mask with Voronoi patterns and an AM-specific night dress with hollow patterns. Originality/value The executable prototype of the presented design framework used in the customization process is publicly available.

scholarly journals 3D PRINTING….. A PARADIGM SHIFT IN ENDODONTICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bansal ◽  
Navneet kukreja ◽  
Shivangi Trivedi ◽  
Jayant Verma ◽  
Jyoti Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Successive Addition ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract: The process of 3 Dimensional (3D) printing is used to create a 3D object with the help of a computer aided design (CAD) model, by successive addition of material layer by layer thus it is also known as additive manufacturing. During 1990’s, the technique of 3D printing was only applied for the manufacture of aesthetic or functional prototypes and was suitably named as rapid prototyping. The following descriptive review presents with an overview about contemporary 3D printing technologies and their use in various specialties of dentistry and largely focusing on the applications of this technology in the endodontics.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood ◽  
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Automatized Evaluation of Students’ CAD Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Nenad Bojcetic ◽  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Dragan Zezelj ◽  
Tomislav Martinec
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Computer Solution ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Aided Design

The article describes an attempt to address the automatized evaluation of student three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models. The driving idea was conceptualized under the restraints of the COVID pandemic, driven by the problem of evaluating a large number of student 3D CAD models. The described computer solution can be implemented using any CAD computer application that supports customization. Test cases showed that the proposed solution was valid and could be used to evaluate many students’ 3D CAD models. The computer solution can also be used to help students to better understand how to create a 3D CAD model, thereby complying with the requirements of particular teachers.

Animal orthosis fabrication with additive manufacturing – a case study of custom orthosis for chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Maria Wojnarowska ◽  
Jakub Najowicz ◽  
Tomasz Piecuch ◽  
Michał Sochacki ◽  
Dawid Pijanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose Chicken orthoses that cover the ankle joint area are not commercially available. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a customised temporary Ankle–Foot Orthosis (AFO) for a chicken with a twisted ankle using computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The secondary objective of the paper is to present the specific application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in veterinary medicine. Design/methodology/approach The design process was based on multiple sketches, photos and measurements that were provided by the owner of the animal. The 3D model of the orthosis was made with Autodesk Fusion 360, while the prototype was fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Evaluation of the AFO was performed using the finite element method. Findings The work resulted in a functional 3D printed AFO for chicken. It was found that the orthosis made with AM provides satisfactory stiffen and a good fit. It was concluded that AM is suitable for custom bird AFO fabrication and, in some respects, is superior to traditional manufacturing methods. It was also concluded that the presented procedure can be applied in other veterinary cases and to other animal species and other parts of their body. AM provides veterinary with a powerful tool for the production of well-fitted and durable orthoses for animals. Research limitations/implications The study does not include the chicken's opinion on the comfort or fit of the manufactured AFO due to communication issues. Evaluation of the final prototype was done by the researchers and the animal owner. Originality/value No evidence was found in the literature on the use of AM for chicken orthosis, so this study is the first to describe such an application of AM. In addition, the study demonstrates the value of AM in veterinary medicine, especially in the production of devices such as orthoses.

Parametric geometry model design of a wingsuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-705
Author(s):  
Nazanin Ansari ◽  
Sybille Krzywinski
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
2D Pattern ◽  
Aided Design

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a process chain spanning from scanned data to computer-aided engineering and further required simulations up to the subsequent production. This approach has the potential to reduce production costs and accelerate the procedure.Design/methodology/approachA parametric computer-aided design (CAD) model of the flyer wearing a wingsuit is created enabling easy changes in its posture and the wingsuit geometry. The objective is to track the influence of geometry changes in a timely manner for following simulation scenarios.FindingsAt the final stage, the two-dimensional (2D) pattern cuts were derived from the developed three-dimensional (3D) wingsuit, and the results were compared with the conventional ones used in the first stages of the wingsuit development.Originality/valueProposing a virtual development process chain is challenging; apart from the fact that the CAD construction of a wingsuit flyer – in itself posing a complicated task – is required at a very early stage of the procedure.

Computer aided design (CAD) model search and retrieval using frequency domain file conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 101554
Author(s):  
Wenjin Li ◽  
Gary Mac ◽  
Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos ◽  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Ramesh Karri
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Model Search ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Search And Retrieval

Direct slicing of T-spline surfaces for additive manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Feng ◽  
Jianzhong Fu ◽  
Zhiwei Lin ◽  
Ce Shang ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Direct Slicing ◽  
Spline Surface ◽  
Spline Surfaces ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Purpose T-spline is the latest powerful modeling tool in the field of computer-aided design. It has all the merits of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) whilst resolving some flaws in it. This work applies T-spline surfaces to additive manufacturing (AM). Most current AM products are based on Stereolithograph models. It is a kind of discrete polyhedron model with huge amounts of data and some inherent defects. T-spline offers a better choice for the design and manufacture of complex models. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a direct slicing algorithm of T-spline surfaces for AM is proposed. Initially, a T-spline surface is designed in commercial software and saved as a T-spline mesh file. Then, a numerical method is used to directly calculate all the slicing points on the surface. To achieve higher manufacturing efficiency, an adaptive slicing algorithm is applied according to the geometrical properties of the T-spline surface. Findings Experimental results indicate that this algorithm is effective and reliable. The quality of AM can be enhanced at both the designing and slicing stages. Originality/value The T-spline and direct slicing algorithm discussed here will be a powerful supplement to current technologies in AM.

A Reverse Compensation Framework for Shape Deformation in Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
And Control

Shape deformation is an important issue in additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as the projection-based Stereolithography. Volumetric shrinkage and thermal cooling during the photopolymerization process combined with other factors such as the layer-constrained building process lead to complex deformation that is difficult to predict and control. In this paper, a general reverse compensation method and related computation framework are presented to reduce the shape deformation of AM fabricated parts. During the reverse compensation process, the shape deformation is calculated based on physical measurements of shape deformation. A novel method for identifying the correspondence between the deformed shape and the given nominal computer-aided design (CAD) model is presented based on added markers. Accordingly, a new CAD model based on the shape deformation and related compensation is computed. The intelligently revised CAD model by going through the same building process can result in a fabricated part that is close to the nominal CAD model. Two test cases have been designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method and the related computation framework. The shape deformation in terms of L2- and L∞-norm based on measuring the geometric errors is reduced by 40–60%.

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