AbstractTime-of-use price will be an important demand side management method as a supplement of administrative strategy, which could encourage the electric vehicles to change the charging behaviors. In this paper, for parking garage charging stations with photovoltaic power generation, a pricing model is proposed to encourage different consumers to participate in demand response by providing them with a list of price plans. Firstly, we introduce the system structure of the photovoltaic-assisted charging station. Afterwards, the pricing and dispatch model for the charging station is proposed, aiming to achieve maximum profit. The formulated objective for this model is to maximize the profit of selling electricity to electric vehicles and back to the grid, feed-in-tariffs revenue and parking revenue or to minimize charging station’s cost of purchasing electricity, while considering various electric vehicles demands. The decision variables for charging station include the time-of-use price, the rebate on parking fee and the charging/discharging power. To solve this model, the distributed alternating direction method of multipliers is adopted to determine the operational strategies of charging stations via local decision making and limited communication between adjacent charging stations. Finally, according to the simulation results, the optimal time-of-use pricing strategy for charging stations can play an important role in shaving the peak loads. Besides, the interconnected charging stations coordinated operation can enhance the overall system operational flexibility and reliability.
Optimal Charging Navigation Strategy Design for Rapid Charging Electric Vehicles
