Aluminum-air battery technology for electric vehicles

The transport industry is a major contributor to both local pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The key challenge today is to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment caused by road transportation. The volatile market prices and diminishing supplies of fuel have led to an unprecedented interest in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In addition, improvements in motor efficiencies and significant advances in battery technology have made it easier for BEVs to compete with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper describes and assesses the latest technologies in different elements of the BEV: powertrain architectures, propulsion and regeneration systems, energy storage systems and charging techniques. The current and future trends of these technologies have been reviewed in detail. Finally, the key issue of electric vehicle component recycling (battery, motor and power electronics) has been discussed. Global emission regulations are pushing the industry towards zero or ultra-low emission vehicles. Thus, by 2025, most cars must have a considerable level of powertrain electrification. As the market share of electric vehicles increases, clear trends have emerged in the development of powertrain systems. However, some significant barriers must be overcome before appreciable market penetration can be achieved. The objective of the current study is to review and provide a complete picture of the current BEV technology and a framework to assist future research in the sector.

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A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities4010022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 372-404

Author(s):

Julio A. Sanguesa ◽

Vicente Torres-Sanz ◽

Piedad Garrido ◽

Francisco J. Martinez ◽

Johann M. Marquez-Barja

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Academic Communities ◽

Market Situation ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Battery Energy ◽

New Research ◽

Near Future ◽

Technology Trends

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.

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Revisiting Olivine Phosphate and Blend Cathodes in Lithium Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

10.5772/intechopen.99931 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yujing Bi ◽

Deyu Wang

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Technology Development ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

And Performance ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Olivine Phosphate

As electric vehicle market growing fast, lithium ion batteries demand is increasing rapidly. Sufficient battery materials supplies including cathode, anode, electrolyte, additives, et al. are required accordingly. Although layered cathode is welcome in high energy density batteries, it is challenging to balance the high energy density and safety beside cost. As consequence, olivine phosphate cathode is coming to the stage center again along with battery technology development. It is important and necessary to revisit the olivine phosphate cathode to understand and support the development of electric vehicles utilized lithium ion batteries. In addition, blend cathode is a good strategy to tailor and balance cathode property and performance. In this chapter, blend cathode using olivine phosphate cathode will be discussed as well as olivine phosphate cathode.

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Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2129 (1) ◽

pp. 012011

Author(s):

V.K Bupesh Raja ◽

Ignatius Raja ◽

Rahul Kavvampally

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Automobile Industry ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Electric Cars ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Compact Design

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

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Sodium-ion battery technology: Advanced anodes, cathodes and electrolytes

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2109/1/012004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2109 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

Wanyu Lu ◽

Zijie Wang ◽

Shuhang Zhong

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion Battery ◽

Constant Attention ◽

Energy Storage Technology ◽

Power Rate ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Safety And Stability

Abstract The development of electric vehicles has made massive progress in recent years, and the battery part has been receiving constant attention. Although lithium-ion battery is a powerful energy storage technology contemporarily with great convenience in the field of electric vehicles and portable/stationary storage, the scantiness and increasing price of lithium have raised significant concerns about the battery’s developments; an alternative technology is needed to replace the expensive lithium-ion batteries at use. Therefore, the sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) were brought back to life. Sharing a similar mechanism as the lithium-ion batteries makes SIBs easier to understand and more effective in the research. In recent years, the developed materials for anode and cathode in the SIB have extensively promoted its advancements in increasing the energy density, power rate, and cyclability; multiple types of electrolytes, either in the form of aqueous, solid, or ions, offers safety and stability. Still, to rival the lithium-ion batteries, the SIB needs much more work to improve its performance, further expanding its application. Overall, the SIB has tremendous potential to be the future leading battery technology because of its abundance.

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Power Converters for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles and the Future of Energy Efficient Transportation - Advances in Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7626-7.ch007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 168-192

Author(s):

M. Nandhini Gayathri

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽

Power Converters ◽

Electric Drives ◽

Battery Chargers ◽

Harmful Emissions ◽

Hybrid Electric ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Efficiency And Reliability

Hybrid electric vehicles have great potential to reduce fuel consumption and palliate harmful emissions for better population health and climate change. These power trains are essential to meet current emissions legislation, contribute to more environmentally friendly mobility and improve air quality in big cities. In the past two decades, due to the advent growth of modern electric drives, battery technology, and intelligent charging methodology, the overall performance of the electric vehicles have improved. Many research works have been conducted to improve the efficiency and reliability. It increases the applications of electric vehicles. Apart from grid power, the use of renewable sources makes zero-emission rate and zero fuel cost. This chapter deals with the role of power converters in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). It deals with power converters used in hybrid electric vehicles, types of battery chargers, emerging power electronic devices, and thermal management of HEV power electronics, which are presented with the simulation using MATLAB software.

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