Uncertainty Analysis of The Impact of Earthquake on Prison Building Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jan Huang ◽  
Ting-Yi Chiang ◽  
Yu-Chen Chen ◽  
Ping-Wu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Building Safety ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Governance of Labor Standards in Australian and German Garment Supply Chains: The Impact of Rana Plaza

ILR Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Schuessler ◽  
Stephen J. Frenkel ◽  
Chris F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Stakeholder Pressure ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Building Safety ◽  
Response Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Focusing Event

This article analyzes the impact of the 2013 Rana Plaza building collapse on garment lead firms’ labor standards policies in the light of new governance approaches, particularly the pathbreaking Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh. Based on a sample of 20 Australian and German garment firms, the authors find that firms with low prior baseline standards revised their supply chain and sourcing policies and signed the Accord. Firms with medium and high baseline standards responded variously, from making no changes to revising their policies and signing the Accord. Firm response variation can be explained by stakeholder pressure occurring in different national industrial and institutional contexts following the Rana Plaza incident, which served as a focusing event. Results suggest the wider applicability of the focusing event framework for industrial relations scholarship and highlight some of the mechanisms driving changes in industrial relations institutions.

scholarly journals Application of the EANM practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for MRT absorbed dose calculations on clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Finocchiaro ◽  
Jonathan I Gear ◽  
Federica Fioroni ◽  
Glenn D Flux ◽  
Iain Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Dose Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background Internal dosimetry evaluation consists of a multi-step process ranging from imaging acquisition to absorbed dose calculations. Assessment of uncertainty is complicated and, for that reason, it is commonly ignored in clinical routine. However, it is essential for adequate interpretation of the results. Recently, the EANM published a practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for molecular radiotherapy based on the application of the law of propagation of uncertainty. In this study, we investigated the overall uncertainty on a large sample of patient following the EANM guidelines. The aim of this study was to provide an indication of the typical uncertainties that may be expected from performing dosimetry, to determine parameters that have the greatest effect on the accuracy of calculations and to consider the potential improvements that could be made if these effects were reduced. Results Absorbed doses and the relative uncertainties were calculated for a sample of 49 patients and a total of 154 tumours. A wide range of relative dose uncertainty values was observed (14 - 102%). Uncertainties associated to each quantity along the dose calculation chain (i.e. Volume, Recovery Coefficient, Calibration Factor, Activity, Time-Activity Curve Fitting, Cumulated Activity and Absorbed Dose) were estimated. An equation was derived to describe relationship between the uncertainty in the absorbed dose and the volume. The largest source of error was the VOI delineation. By postulating different values of FHWM, the impact of the imaging system spatial resolution on the uncertainties was investigated. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of uncertainty in MRT based on a large sample of clinical cases. Wide inter-lesion variability of dose uncertainty was observed. Hence, a proper assessment of the uncertainties associated with the calculations should be considered as a basic scientific standard. A model for a quick estimate of uncertainty without implementing the entire error propagation schema, which may be useful in clinical practice, was presented. Ameliorating spatial resolution may be in future the key factor for accurate absorbed dose assessment.

scholarly journals Dam failure peak outflow prediction through GEP-SVM meta models and uncertainty analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nobarinia ◽  
Farhoud Kalateh ◽  
Vahid Nourani ◽  
Alireza Babaeian Amini
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Gene Expression Programming ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Peak Outflow ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Accurate prediction of a breached dam's peak outflow is a significant factor for flood risk analysis. In this study, the capability of Support Vector Machine and Kernel Extreme Learning Machine as kernel-based approaches and Gene Expression Programming method was assessed in breached dam peak outflow prediction. Two types of modeling were considered. First, only dam reservoir height and volume at the failure time were used as the input combinations (state 1). Then, soil characteristics were added to input combinations to investigate particularly the impact of soil characteristics (state 2). Results showed that the use of only soil characteristics did not lead to a desired accuracy; however, adding soil characteristics to input combinations (state 2) improved the models' accuracy up to 40%. The outcome of the applied models was also compared with existing empirical equations and it was found the applied models yielded better results. Sensitivity analysis results showed that dam height had the most important role in the peak outflow prediction, while the strength parameters did not have significant impacts. Furthermore, for assessing the best-applied model dependability, uncertainty analysis was used and the results indicated that the SVM model had an allowable degree of uncertainty in peak outflow modelling.

Extending Uncertainty Analysis of a Hydrodynamic-Water Quality Modelling System using High Level Architecture (HLA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt ◽  
Jan Rauberg ◽  
Fred B. Hesser
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
High Level Architecture ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper illustrates the coupling of water quality model components in High Level Architecture (HLA), a computer architecture for constructing distributed simulations. HLA facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules. It was originally developed for military applications but the platform is finding increasing applicability for civilian purposes. The models from the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP5) were implemented in HLA to extend its Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis capabilities. The models include DYNHYD (hydrodynamics), EUTRO (phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics) and TOXI (sediment and micropollutant transport). The uncertainty analysis investigated the impact of errors in the hydrodynamic parameters (weir discharge and roughness coefficients) and boundary conditions (upstream and tributary discharge) on the uncertainty in the water quality output variables. It was found that the contribution of the hydrodynamic parameter error to the water quality output uncertainty is comparable to that obtained from the error in the water quality parameters. The error in the boundary condition input data is also an important contributor to model uncertainty.

Cost-effective millimeter-wave measurement setup for narrowband path loss and angle-of-arrival measurements: uncertainty analysis and specular building reflection measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R. Schulpen ◽  
L. A. Bronckers ◽  
A. B. Smolders ◽  
U. Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
General System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Wave Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A cost-effective millimeter-wave measurement setup for narrowband path loss and angle-of-arrival measurements is presented in this paper. The setup consists of ubiquitous radio-frequency lab equipment and additional low-cost components. An algorithm is developed, which improves the measurement accuracy and reduces the required measurement time. An uncertainty analysis is performed, including a noise analysis, amplifier linearity, antenna misalignment and general system impairments. A theoretical model of the received signal plus noise is developed, which is used in Monte Carlo simulations to show the impact of snapshot averaging on the uncertainty. The estimated combined uncertainty with a 95.45% confidence level is 1.1 dB at the maximum measurable path loss and 0.3 dB in the case of low path loss, where the uncertainty due to receiver noise is negligible. The measurement setup is used in outdoor specular building reflection measurements at 24.00–24.25 GHz. The measured single-building reflections show a 1–9 dB excess loss compared to the free-space path loss. The measured excess loss is 9–20 dB for double-building reflections. These results indicate that buildings could potentially be used as effective millimeter-wave specular reflectors to extend millimeter-wave coverage.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of tumour absorbed dose calculations in molecular radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Finocchiaro ◽  
Jonathan I. Gear ◽  
Federica Fioroni ◽  
Glenn D. Flux ◽  
Iain Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Molecular Radiotherapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dose Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Internal dosimetry evaluation consists of a multi-step process ranging from imaging acquisition to absorbed dose calculations. Assessment of uncertainty is complicated and, for that reason, it is commonly ignored in clinical routine. However, it is essential for adequate interpretation of the results. Recently, the EANM published a practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for molecular radiotherapy based on the application of the law of propagation of uncertainty. In this study, we investigated the overall uncertainty on a sample of a patient following the EANM guidelines. The aim of this study was to provide an indication of the typical uncertainties that may be expected from performing dosimetry, to determine parameters that have the greatest effect on the accuracy of calculations and to consider the potential improvements that could be made if these effects were reduced. Results Absorbed doses and the relative uncertainties were calculated for a sample of 49 patients and a total of 154 tumours. A wide range of relative absorbed dose uncertainty values was observed (14–102%). Uncertainties associated with each quantity along the absorbed dose calculation chain (i.e. volume, recovery coefficient, calibration factor, activity, time-activity curve fitting, time-integrated activity and absorbed dose) were estimated. An equation was derived to describe the relationship between the uncertainty in the absorbed dose and the volume. The largest source of error was the VOI delineation. By postulating different values of FWHM, the impact of the imaging system spatial resolution on the uncertainties was investigated. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of uncertainty in molecular radiotherapy based on a cohort of clinical cases. Wide inter-lesion variability of absorbed dose uncertainty was observed. Hence, a proper assessment of the uncertainties associated with the calculations should be considered as a basic scientific standard. A model for a quick estimate of uncertainty without implementing the entire error propagation schema, which may be useful in clinical practice, was presented. Ameliorating spatial resolution may be in future the key factor for accurate absorbed dose assessment.

Identification and Treatment Suggestion of a Building Safety

2014 ◽  
Vol 578-579 ◽  
pp. 1257-1261
Author(s):  
Chuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Building Safety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analysis And Study

Through the investigation, detection, analysis and study of cracks in concrete beam and concrete floorslab of a residential project in Shandong Province, this paper aims to determine the cracks type and the causes, and assess the impact on the project. Then, the appropriate and corresponding schemes for handling concrete cracks will be developed and for similar projects, this paper proposes some reasonable suggestions as well.

Uncertainty Analysis of 220kV Substation Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 2689-2694
Author(s):  
Qi Song ◽  
Xue Liang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Project Investment ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Impact

Project investment is often accompanied by the unpredictable risk. To reduce the impact of uncertain factors on the economic efficiency, it is necessary to measure the risk level after the project is put into operation. Combing relevant theories of uncertainty analysis with the case of a 220kV substation in Hebei, China, the thesis analyzed the break even and sensitivity to get scientific results. Based on the above results, rational suggestions on sensitivity measures were put forward to provide the reference to uncertainty analysis of the other similar projects.

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