The influence of different bone remodeling equations on a 2-D vertebra model in the final bone density distribution

The piezoelectricity of bone is known to play a crucial role in bone adaptation and remodeling. The application of an external stimulus such as mechanical strain or electric field has the potential to enhance bone formation and implant osseointegration. Therefore, in the present study, the objective is to investigate bone remodeling under electromechanical stimulation as a step towards establishing therapeutic strategies. For the first time, piezoelectric bone remodeling in the human proximal tibia under electro-mechanical loads was analyzed using the finite element method in an open-source framework. The predicted bone density distributions were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by comparing with the computed tomography (CT) scan and the bone mineral density (BMD) calculated from the CT, respectively. The effect of model parameters such as uniform initial bone density and reference stimulus on the final density distribution was investigated. Results of the parametric study showed that for different values of initial bone density the model predicted similar but not identical final density distribution. It was also shown that higher reference stimulus value yielded lower average bone density at the final time. The present study demonstrates an increase in bone density as a result of electrical stimulation. Thus, to minimize bone loss, for example, due to physical impairment or osteoporosis, mechanical loads during daily physical activities could be partially replaced by therapeutic electrical stimulation.

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HUMAN MANDIBULAR BONE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION: IMAGE ANALYSIS AND BONE REMODELING SIMULATION

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.oooo.2020.03.039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. e72

Author(s):

K. SU ◽

Y. LI ◽

J. YANG ◽

J. DU

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Bone Remodeling Simulation

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On the effect of antiresorptive drugs on the bone remodeling of the mandible after dental implantation: a mathematical model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82502-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehran Ashrafi ◽

Farzan Ghalichi ◽

Behnam Mirzakouchaki ◽

Manuel Doblare

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Bone Density ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Implant Design ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Dental Implantation ◽

Antiresorptive Agents ◽

Antiresorptive Drugs

AbstractBone remodeling identifies the process of permanent bone change with new bone formation and old bone resorption. Understanding this process is essential in many applications, such as optimizing the treatment of diseases like osteoporosis, maintaining bone density in long-term periods of disuse, or assessing the long-term evolution of the bone surrounding prostheses after implantation. A particular case of study is the bone remodeling process after dental implantation. Despite the overall success of this type of implants, the increasing life expectancy in developed countries has boosted the demand for dental implants in patients with osteoporosis. Although several studies demonstrate a high success rate of dental implants in osteoporotic patients, it is also known that the healing time and the failure rate increase, necessitating the adoption of pharmacological measures to improve bone quality in those patients. However, the general efficacy of these antiresorptive drugs for osteoporotic patients is still controversial, requiring more experimental and clinical studies. In this work, we investigate the effect of different doses of several drugs, used nowadays in osteoporotic patients, on the evolution of bone density after dental implantation. With this aim, we use a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) mathematical model that includes the effect of antiresorptive drugs on the RANK/RANK-L/OPG pathway, as well as the mechano-chemical coupling with external mechanical loads. This mechano-PK/PD model is then used to analyze the evolution of bone in normal and osteoporotic mandibles after dental implantation with different drug dosages. We show that using antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates or denosumab increases bone density and the associated mechanical properties, but at the same time, it also increases bone brittleness. We conclude that, despite the many limitations of these very complex models, the one presented here is capable of predicting qualitatively the evolution of some of the main biological and chemical variables associated with the process of bone remodeling in patients receiving drugs for osteoporosis, so it could be used to optimize dental implant design and coating for osteoporotic patients, as well as the drug dosage protocol for patient-specific treatments.

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P117. Bone density distribution in the cervical spine: Establishing level specific reference values

The Spine Journal ◽

10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. S197-S198

Author(s):

Francis C. Lovecchio ◽

Bryan Ang ◽

Philip Louie ◽

Chirag Chaudhary ◽

Sachin Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Reference Values ◽

Specific Reference

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Effect of Loading Direction and Bone Density Distribution in Assessing Hip Fracture via Finite Element Analysis

10.1115/1.0003955v ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanvir Faisal ◽

Rabina Awal

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Loading Direction

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A Comparison Between Porous NiTi and Ti-6Al-4V Fixation Hardware on Bone Remodeling After a Reconstruction Surgery

Volume 2: Materials; Biomanufacturing; Properties, Applications and Systems; Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2016-8556 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bahram Raad ◽

Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam ◽

Mohammad Elahinia

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Niti Alloy ◽

Healing Process ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Element Model ◽

Reconstruction Surgery ◽

Porous Niti ◽

Surrounding Bone ◽

The Finite Element Model

The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of two different fixation hardware materials on bone remodeling after a mandibular reconstruction surgery and to restore the mandible’s function, healthy appearance, mastication, swallowing, breathing, and speech. The hypothesis is that using fixation hardware with stiffness close to that of the surrounding bone will result in a more successful healing process in the mandible bone. The finite element model includes the material properties and forces of the cancellous bone, cortical bone, ligaments, muscles, and teeth. The reconstruction surgery is modeled by including the fixation hardware and the grafted bone. In the sectioned mandible, to best mimic the geometry of the mandible, two single barrel grafts are placed at the top of each other to form a double barrel graft set. Two different materials were used as the mandibular fixation parts, stiff Ti-6Al-4V, and porous superelastic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys. A comparison of these two alloys demonstrates that using porous NiTi alloy as the fixation part results in a faster healing pace. Furthermore, the density distribution in the mandibular bone after the healing process is more similar to the normal mandible density distribution. The simulations results indicate that the porous superelastic NiTi fixation hardware transfers and distributes the existing forces on the mandible bone more favorably. The probability of stress shielding and/or stress concentration decrease. This type of fixation hardware, therefore, is more appropriate for mandible bone reconstruction surgery.

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Long-term Prediction of Bone Density Distribution for Retained Intramedullary Nail

IFMBE Proceedings - World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering May 26-31, 2012, Beijing, China ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-29305-4_44 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

C. Wang ◽

L. Z. Wang ◽

Y. B. Fan

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Intramedullary Nail ◽

Term Prediction ◽

Long Term Prediction

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Spatial Subchondral Bone Density Reflecting Joint Loading of the Talus in Different Canidae

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1685511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Walter Dingemanse ◽

Ingrid Gielen ◽

Henri van Bree ◽

Magdalena Müller-Gerbl ◽

Nikola Krstić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Canis Lupus ◽

Joint Loading ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Canis Aureus ◽

Joint Biomechanics ◽

Subchondral Bone Density

Objective Subchondral bone density distribution can be used to study joint biomechanics non-invasively. Differences in joint loading between related species can aid in the understanding of joint loading and the development of certain types of orthopaedic pathology. This study was conducted to evaluate density distribution in the subchondral bone of the talus of different Canidae species, as a parameter reflecting the long-term joint loading in the tarsocrural joint. Materials and Methods The tarsal joints of cadaveric dogs of different breeds were included, that is, German Shepherd (n = 5), Bouvier des Flandres (n = 3) and Labrador Retriever (n = 6).Additionally, golden jackals (n = 5) (Canis aureus) and wolves (n = 5) (Canis lupus) were included. Consecutive computed tomography slices were made and the subchondral bone density distribution was evaluated using computer tomographic osteoabsorptiometry. Different breeds and species were visually compared. Results Differences were found in the subchondral bone density distribution of the talus between breeds and between species (Canis familiaris, Canis lupus and Canis aureus). Discussion and Conclusion Based on the density distribution, there are differences in loading conditions of the tarsocrural joint in different species of Canidae. The joint loading distribution is very similar between dogs of the same breed and within the same species. Although between-breed differences can be explained by conformational differences, the between-species differences remain subject to further research.

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