Hourglass: A library for incremental processing on Hadoop

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hayes ◽  
Sam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Processing

What Are the Nodes? Unitization and Configural Learning vs. Selective Attention

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-98
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Kapatsinski
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Configural Learning ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Dual Route ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces the debate between elemental and configural learning models. Configural models represent both a whole pattern and its parts as separate nodes, which are then both associable, i.e. available for wiring with other nodes. This necessitates a kind of hierarchical inference at the timescale of learning and motivates a dual-route approach at the timescale of processing. Some patterns of language change (semanticization and frequency-in-a-favourable-context effects) are argued to be attributable to hierarchical inference. The most prominent configural pattern in language is argued to be a superadditive interaction. However, such interactions are argued to often be unstable in comprehension due to selective attention and incremental processing. Selective attention causes the learner to focus on one part of a configuration over others. Incremental processing favors the initial part, which can then overshadow other parts and drive the recognition decision. Only with extensive experience, can one can learn to integrate multiple cues. When cues are integrated, the weaker cue can cue the outcome directly or can serve as an occasion-setter to the relationship between the outcome and the primary cue. The conditions under which occasion-setting arises in language acquisition is a promising area for future research.

scholarly journals Decoding the Real-Time Neurobiological Properties of Incremental Semantic Interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Hun S Choi ◽  
William D Marslen-Wilson ◽  
Bingjiang Lyu ◽  
Billi Randall ◽  
Lorraine K Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Constraints ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
Prior Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preceding Context ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Communication through spoken language is a central human capacity, involving a wide range of complex computations that incrementally interpret each word into meaningful sentences. However, surprisingly little is known about the spatiotemporal properties of the complex neurobiological systems that support these dynamic predictive and integrative computations. Here, we focus on prediction, a core incremental processing operation guiding the interpretation of each upcoming word with respect to its preceding context. To investigate the neurobiological basis of how semantic constraints change and evolve as each word in a sentence accumulates over time, in a spoken sentence comprehension study, we analyzed the multivariate patterns of neural activity recorded by source-localized electro/magnetoencephalography (EMEG), using computational models capturing semantic constraints derived from the prior context on each upcoming word. Our results provide insights into predictive operations subserved by different regions within a bi-hemispheric system, which over time generate, refine, and evaluate constraints on each word as it is heard.

Content and context in incremental processing: “the ham sandwich” revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra B. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Processing ◽  
Ham Sandwich

Exploring the effects of phonetic overlap and background noise on incremental processing in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2651-2651
Author(s):  
Y. Sophia Liu ◽  
Katherine Simeon ◽  
Tina Grieco-Calub
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Incremental Processing

Incremental word processing influences the evolution of phonotactic patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Andrew Wedel ◽  
Adam Ussishkin ◽  
Adam King
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Phonetic Cues ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Phonological Rules

AbstractListeners incrementally process words as they hear them, progressively updating inferences about what word is intended as the phonetic signal unfolds in time. As a consequence, phonetic cues positioned early in the signal for a word are on average more informative about word-identity because they disambiguate the intended word from more lexical alternatives than cues late in the word. In this contribution, we review two new findings about structure in lexicons and phonological grammars, and argue that both arise through the same biases on phonetic reduction and enhancement resulting from incremental processing.(i) Languages optimize their lexicons over time with respect to the amount of signal allocated to words relative to their predictability: words that are on average less predictable in context tend to be longer, while those that are on average more predictable tend to be shorter. However, the fact that phonetic material earlier in the word plays a larger role in word identification suggests that languages should also optimize the distribution of that information across the word. In this contribution we review recent work on a range of different languages that supports this hypothesis: less frequent words are not only on average longer, but also contain more highly informative segments early in the word.(ii) All languages are characterized by phonological grammars of rules describing predictable modifications of pronunciation in context. Because speakers appear to pronounce informative phonetic cues more carefully than less informative cues, it has been predicted that languages should be less likely to evolve phonological rules that reduce lexical contrast at word beginnings. A recent investigation through a statistical analysis of a cross-linguistic dataset of phonological rules strongly supports this hypothesis. Taken together, we argue that these findings suggest that the incrementality of lexical processing has wide-ranging effects on the evolution of phonotactic patterns.

scholarly journals Beyond Verb Meaning: Experimental Evidence for Incremental Processing of Semantic Roles and Event Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Philipp ◽  
Tim Graf ◽  
Franziska Kretzschmar ◽  
Beatrice Primus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Event Structure ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
Verb Meaning

Are all the triangles blue? – ERP evidence for the incremental processing of German quantifier restriction

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETRA AUGURZKY ◽  
OLIVER BOTT ◽  
WOLFGANG STERNEFELD ◽  
ROLF ULRICH
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Late Positivity ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
Compositional Semantic ◽  
Quantifier Restriction

abstractThe present ERP study investigates the neural correlates of pictorial context effects on compositional-semantic processing. We examined whether the incremental processing of questions involving quantifier restriction is modulated by the reliability of pictorial information. Contexts either allowed for an unambiguous meaning evaluation at an early sentential position or were ambiguous with respect to whether a further restrictive cue could trigger later meaning revisions. Attention was either guided towards (Experiment 1) or away from (Experiment 2) the picture–question mapping. In both experiments, negative answers elicited a broadly distributed negativity opposed to affirmative answers as soon as an unambiguous truth evaluation was possible. In the presence of ambiguous context information, the truth evaluation initially remained underspecified, as an early commitment would have resulted in the risk of a semantic reanalysis. The negativity was followed by a late positivity in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, suggesting that attention towards the mismatch affected semantic processing, but only at a later time window. The current results are consistent with the notion that an incremental meaning evaluation is dependent on the reliability of contextual information.

A unified model of sequential three-way decisions and multilevel incremental processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Tianrui Li ◽  
Hamido Fujita ◽  
Dun Liu ◽  
Yiyu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Unified Model ◽  
Incremental Processing

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on Incremental Processing in Dialogue

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rieser ◽  
David Schlangen
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
The Individual

  A brief introduction to the topics discussed in the special issue, and to the individual papers.

scholarly journals Competence and performance grammar in incremental processing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Lombardo ◽  
Alessandro Mazzei ◽  
Patrick Sturt
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Processing ◽  
And Performance
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