Image segmentation is gauged as an essential stage of representation in image processing. This process segregates a digitized image into various categorized sections. An additional advantage of distinguishing dissimilar objects can be represented within this state of the art. Numerous image segmentation techniques have been proposed by various researchers, which maintained a smooth and easy timely evaluation. In this chapter, an introduction to image processing along with segmentation techniques, computer vision fundamentals, and its applied applications that will be of worth to the image processing and computer vision research communities has been deeply studied. It aims to interpret the role of various clustering-based image segmentation techniques specifically. Use of the proposed chapter if made in real time can project better outcomes in object detection and recognition, which can then later be applied in numerous applications and devices like in robots, automation, medical equipment, etc. for safety, advancement, and betterment of society.